語法復習7：非謂語動詞

1、高三英語專題復習要點回顧與精練專題 06 非謂語動詞一、 【語境導入 】從括弧中選擇合適的形式完成句中空白處使得語意通順完整。Survivors of the Titanic 泰坦尼克號的幸存者The story about Titanic is ( heartbroken/ heartbreaking / to heartbreak ). Only about700 people survived the disaster, living ( to tell/ telling / to be told)their stories tonewspapers.Philip Zanni was t

2、raveling to the US in the third class. ( Sleeping / Having slept / Tosleep)in the ship, he heard a loud crash. He immediately ran to the upper deck and saw men(to lower / lowering) lifeboats. He tried to jump into one of them. But anofficer ( holding/ to hold )a gun stopped him, ( to shout/ shouting

3、 ), “Women andchildren first. ”Moments later, the officer turned away and Zanni jumped on. ( Hidden/Having hidden) under one of the seats on the boat, he was carried away.There were twenty women and three men in the boat. They rowed quickly, with people ( crying/ to be crying) for help in water. Whe

4、n they were about two miles away, they saw the Titanic sink. It wasn t until five in the morning that they saw a rescue ship (arrive/arriving/ to arrive) .While the survivors were being raised to the rescue ship, a woman begged Zanni to save her dog.( Having stayed/ Staying) with the dog for a long

5、time, she couldn t stand( leaving/ to leave) it alone.Mary Davis, a second-class passenger, was traveling to visit her sister in London. When/While sleeping on the ship, she heard the noise. ( Having told/ Having been told ) that there wasno danger, she returned to bed. A few minutes later, she was

6、told to go to the highest deck because the ship was sinking. Two men helped her ( getting / get) on a lifeboat, and she was loweredonto water in it, her body ( trembling/to tremble). In the morning, the rescue ship foundthem ( standing/ stand) on the boat and saved them.When Ms Davis died in 1987 at

7、 the age of 104, she had lived to be older than any other Titanic survivor.二【考綱解讀】 非謂語動詞是歷年來的考查重點之一，因為它們結構復雜，功能繁多，也是考生難于掌 握的語法點， 2012 年的高考題中考查共有 33 題之多?？疾橹攸c主要有不定式的完成式、被 動式、進行式、否定結構及省略形式；不定式和分詞作后置定語的區(qū)別；只能接動名詞的動 詞和接動名詞、不定式有區(qū)別的動詞的用法；動名詞的被動用法及分詞作為定語、狀語、賓 補的用法。尤其是作狀語的用法，在非謂語動詞的考題中占的比例最大；其次是非謂語動詞 作補語和賓語的用

8、法，也占一定的比例。不管怎么考，基本上離不開非謂語動詞的基本用法， 只是題干的設置注重了句子結構的復雜化和語境化。所以做非謂語動詞題不僅要理清句子的 結構，還要理解句子的意思。毋庸置疑，來年高考中，非謂語動詞定是一個考查熱點?？键c聯想】【概念圖解讀】考點一 ：英語句子至少應該包括主語與謂語兩部分 , 而多數情況下謂語都由動詞來充當。 如果對句子成分劃分不清， 把謂語動詞與非謂語動詞混淆 , 做題效果可想而知。 要克服這一毛 病，關鍵在于正確判斷、識別動詞在句中是否充當謂語?？键c二 ： 作狀語的非謂語動詞主要考查其各種形式的辨析，即是選擇動詞不定式、現在 分詞還是過去分詞作狀語 , 不同的狀語對

9、非謂語動詞的要求不同。 動詞不定式主要作目的、 結果和原因狀語；現在分詞和過去分詞主要作時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語， 兩者不同之處在于：現在分詞作狀語時，現在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作,即它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，它們之間的關系是主動關系，而過去分詞作狀語時，雖然它的邏輯主語 也是句子的主語，但過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關系是被動關 系。考點三 ： 非謂語動詞仍然有自己邏輯上的主語。考試的重點在于正確分辨非謂語動詞的 邏輯主語是什么，兩者之間是主動關系還是被動關系，特別是非謂語動詞作狀語的時候。我 們知道，當非謂語動詞放在句首作狀語的時候，一般來說，它的

10、邏輯主語就是句子的主語， 那么，當它的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時，則要用獨立主格結構?？键c四： 非謂語動詞仍具有動詞的特征，即可以有自己的主語（邏輯主語 ）,也可以有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。非謂語動詞的各種時態(tài)形式都是依據句子的謂語動詞的時態(tài)形式而變化的。 一般情況下， 如果非謂語動詞所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作同時或之后發(fā)生 , 就用非 謂語動詞的一般式或進行式 （側重強調動作正在進行 ）；如果非謂語動詞所表示的動作在謂語動 詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，就用非謂語動詞的完成式（特別強調動作發(fā)生的先后 ）。非謂語動詞的語態(tài)在于正確把握非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系還是被動關系。考點五： 非謂語

11、動詞（動詞不定式或動名詞）作主語主要考查其句式的轉變，習慣上通 常把 it 作為形式主語放在句首，作題時要善于分辨這種形式上的轉變?？键c六： 主要考查非謂語動詞作后置定語的情況，這里關鍵要把握住非謂語動詞與其邏 輯主語之間是主動行為還是被動行為 ,以及非謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的時間性，即是正在進 行或已經完成還是將要發(fā)生。一般來說，用現在分詞一般式作定語往往表示動作是主動行為 且正在進行當中，如果動作是被動行為且正在進行當中，就用現在分詞一般式的被動語態(tài)； 用過去分詞作定語往往表示動作是被動行為且已經完成 ; 用動詞不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生 的動作，如果是被動行為，就用動詞不定式一般式的被動語

12、態(tài)?！咎嵝选糠侵^語動詞的做題步驟 ：1、判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語動詞了。2、找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。3、判斷主被動關系。方法：非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的主動還是被動關系。4、判斷時間關系。方法：分析句子，看看非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前、 之后還是同時。之前常用 done; 之后常用 to do; 同時常用 doing 。四【基礎訓練】(一)根據中文提示完成下列句子。1. 發(fā)展中國家超過 10 億的人喝不上安全水。More than 1 billion people in countries do not thi

13、nk safe water.2. 英語現在是一門國際語言，約有 7.5 億人說英語。English is now an international language, by about 750 million people.3. 城市很擁擠，鄉(xiāng)村卻很美麗。Although the cities were , the countryside was beautiful.4. 他的確很風趣，而且當他認為我們感到厭煩時，就會給我們講笑話。Hes really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we re getting .5. 我進來時，發(fā)現一個陌生的女孩

14、坐在角落里。When I came in, I found a strange girl in the corner.6. 我聽到從海灣那邊傳來一陣喧鬧聲。I heard a huge noise from the bay.7. 到家后，他把我領進了一個寬敞、明亮、潔凈的房間。home, he showed me into a large bright clean room.8. 我在夏威夷經歷過好幾次地震，因此沒有太在意。 quite a few earthquake in Hawai already, I didn t take much notice.9. 大自然為香格里拉提供了無數的自

15、然寶藏，使得這片土地成為當地人民的幸福家園。Nature has provided Shangri-la with endless natural treasures, the land a happyhome for the local people.10. 這本書是在 1932 年由一個叫奧爾德斯 .赫胥黎的英國人寫的，一問世就成了人們爭相議論 的話題。in 1932 by an Englishman called Aldous Huxley, it became a subject of much discussion as soon as it first appeared.(二)根據

16、短文語境用所給動詞的適當形式填空。Planning Our FutureMany people are eager (talk) about their future. They seem (make)greatdecisions.Future plans need (make)when we are old enough. Now that I m in college, I have aplan to make too. I want (be) a lawyer. For a few weeks, I ve been thinking about myplan. And some of m

17、y friends seem to be doing the same thing.Mary is my friend and she s studying computer at a university. She is happy (make)a great plan. She will work for the White House!Jack is another friend of mine. He is a teacher now. But he would like to have become a doctor. At the age of five, he was badly

18、 ill and spent several months in hospital. Then he made up his mind(become)a doctor. He wished his dream (come true) .(三 ) 選擇填空：從 ABCD 中選擇可以填入空白處的最佳答案。1. -May I have some more coffee, please?-I m sorr yb,ut there doesn t seem to be.A 1eft anyB. any leftC leaving anyDany to leave2. Carbon dioxide fro

19、m burning fuels is the most common of the so called greenhousegases.A. producingB. producedC. to be producedD. having been produced3. alone in the large house, the little boy had to learn to survive by himself.A To leaveB LeavingC LeftD. Being left4. Auckland is a most exciting city with people of m

20、any different cultures there.A liveB having livedC livedD. living5. A brilliant idea occurred to him, to his research in the lab.A. while devotingB. while devoting himselfC. while he was devotedD. while devoted6. With no central government ， the island was ruled by kings, a different region of theco

21、untry A each controllingB each controlledCeach to controlD each was controlling7. the chapter four times, I finally understood the author s theoryA ReadingB Having read CTo readD Read8. The Hotel Al Arab the first and only 7-star hotel in the world was designed in the shape ofa sail of 321 meters.A

22、was considered B considering Cbeing considered D considered9. Babrack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States ， a new chapter in thecountry s history A opened B opens C opening D to open10. With all the novels he was interested in _, he left the library and went back to his dorm.A.

23、 borrowedB. borrowingC. to borrow D. borrow11. Time should be made good use of our lessons well.A. to learn B. learningC. learnD. learnt12. Your cousin is said a new computer programme recently, but do you know when he willfinish it?A. to designB. to be designingC. to have been designing D. to have

24、designed13. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as beyond our immediate needs.A. to be seenB. to seeC. seeing D. having seen14. I d rather read than watch television; the programs seem all the time.A. to get worse B. to be getting worseC. to h

25、ave got worseD. getting worse15. There are five pairs, but I m at a loss which to buy.A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to chooseD. for choosing16. the working efficiency ， the boss allows the employees to have a coffee break.A Improving B To improve C Having improved D Improved17. If the buildin

26、g project by the end of this month is delayed ， the construction companywill be fined.A being completedB is completedCto be completedD completed18. With a report about the accident ， I have to find some witnesses for help.A writeB writingC writtenDto write19. An air France jet is reported in the Atl

27、antic Ocean with 228 people aboard, the airlineB. to have been crashedworst disaster in its 75-year history. A. to have crashedC. having crashedD. having been crashed20. -I wonder whom you are waiting for.-The policeman the traffic accident.Adealt withBto deal withC will deal withDto be dealt with1.

28、 BBCDC 6. ABDCA11 ACBBA 16.BCDAB五【真題提能】1【. 2012 江西】Having finished her project, she was invited by the schoolA speakingB having spokenC to speak2.【 2012江西】 John has really got the job because he showed me the official letterA offeredB offeringC to offer3.【 2012 湖南】 with telescopes.A. starting 4.【201

29、2 湖南】A. to use 5.【 2012 湖南】A. being done 6.【 2012 重慶】A. consider 7.【 2012 重慶】 the future of our company.A. to be made B. being madeC. madeD. having been made8.【 2012重慶】 to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.A. Having been askedB. To askC. Having asked D. To be asked9.【 2012遼寧】 Thi

30、s machine is very easy. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate 10.【 2012 遼寧】 The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.A. to follow 11.【 2012 四川】A. finding 12.【 2012 四川】A. to wind 13.【 2012 四川】A.

31、washed 14.【 2012 四川】A. that a big 15.【 2012 陜西】A. Standing 16.【 2012 陜西】 challenge.to the new students.D to have spoken him it.B offeringCto offerD to be offeredThe lecture, at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moonB. being startedTime, correctly, is money in the bank.B. used

32、C. usingWeve had a good start, but next, more work needsB. doC. to be doneA. meetsC. to startD. to be startedD. useto achieve the final success.D. to doBefore you quit your job, how your family would feel about your decision.B. considering C. to consider D. considered We re having a meeting in half

33、an hour. The decisionat the meeting will inB. following Tom took a taxi to the airport, only his plane high up in the sky.B. to findC. being foundD. to have foundI looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.B. windC. windingD. woundBefore driving into the city, you are

34、required to get your car .B. wash C. washingI make $2,000 a week, 60 surely won B. a that bigC. big a thatC. followedD. followst makeD. to washdifference to me.D. that big a in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad . B. To stand C. Stood D. StandIf he takes on this work, he

35、 will have no choice butan even greaterB. meeting C. meetD. to meet17.【 2012 北京】 One learns a language by making mistakes andA. corrects B. correctC. to correct18.【 2012 北京】 with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. UsedD. To use19.【 2012 全國 II】 The old man sat in front of the te

36、levision every evening, happy _ that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching20.【 2012 全國 II】 Tony lent me the money,A. hoping21.【 2012 北京】A. to stay22.【 2012 天津】A. leftC. watchedthem.D. correctinganythingD. to have watched d do as much for him.D. having hopedthat IB. to hopeC. hopedBirds singing i

37、s sometimes a warning to other birds away.B. stayingC. stayedD. stayHe got up late and hurried to his office, the breakfast untouched.B. to leave C. leaving D. having left23.【 2012 全國新課程】 Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ music and painting.A. having compared toC. compare to24.【 2012

38、 全國新課程】A. permitting 25.【 2012 山東】such art forms asB. comparing toD. compared toThe party will be held in the garden, weather .B. to permitC. permitted D. permitAftercompleting and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelopeA. providing26.【 2012 山東】A. to be told27.【2012 福建】Chinese fishi

39、ng boats fromB. provided C. having providedD. provideGeorge returned after the war, only that his wife had left him.B. tellingC. being toldD. toldChina recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent in the South China Sea.A. attackingB. having attackedC. being attacked D.

40、 having been attacked28.【 2012 福建】 Pressed from his parents, and that he has wasted too much time , the boy isdetermined to stop playing video games.A. realizing29.【 2012 浙江】A. remain30.【 2012 江蘇】 sooner or later.D. being realized No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its bette

41、r _silent.B. be remaining C. having remainedD. to remainan important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret itB. realizedC. to realizeA. Based31.【2012 安徽】 interesting and rewarding.A. asking32.【2012 安徽】lights.A. locking33.【2011 全國 】A. rose34.【2011 全國 II】The island,A. joining B. to

42、joinB. Basing C. BaseD. To baseWhen for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it veryB. asked I rememberedC. having askedD. to be askedthe door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off theB. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked The next thing he saw was smokefrom behin

43、d the house.B. rising C. to rise D. risento the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.C. joined D. having joined35.【 2011 北京】It s important for the figuresA. to be updatedB. to have been updated36.【2011 北京 】A. to keep37.【2011 天津 】A. to carry38.【2011 天津 】A. Translating39.【 2011 上海春招 】 cleaned and po

44、lished.A. lookedregularly.C. to update D. to have updated Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,on you feet.B. keeping C. having keptD. to have keptPassengers are permittedonly one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried into English, the s

45、entence was found to have an entirely different word order.B. Translated C. To translateD. Having translatedMike found his missing car in the street outside his house,newlyB. to lookC. lookingD. to be looking up to the house.40.【 2011 山東】Look over there there s a very long, winding pathA. leading B.

46、 leads C. led D. to lead41【. 2011 江蘇 】Recently a surveyprices of the same goods in two different supermarketshas caused heated debate among citizens. A compared Bcomparing42.【 2011 福建 】Tsinghua University, figures.C comparesD being comparedin 1911, is home to a great number of outstandingA. foundB.

47、foundingC. founded D. to be founded43.【 2011 福建 】The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .A. held B. holding C. be heldD. to hold44.【 2011 安徽卷 】Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier into small pieces.A. break45.【2

48、011 浙江 】B. breakingBats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, someC. brokenD. to breaka life span of around 20years.A. having 46.【2011 浙江 】A. lose 47.【2011 浙江 】Simon made a big bamboo boxthe little sick bird till it could fly.B. kept C. keeping D. to keepan important role in a new movie, Andy has a

49、 chance to become famous.B. Offering C. OfferedD. To offerMore TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced s concern over food safety.B. raisingC. to have raisedD. having raisedMichael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himselfA. reminding B. to remind52.【 2011

50、陜西 】Claire had her luggageC. remindedD. remindan hour before her plane left.B hadC. haveD. to haveEven the best writers sometimes find themselvesfor words.B. lostC. to loseD. having lostIf they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the cityby their enthusiastic supporters.A. being

51、 cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered48. 【2011 四川 】A. keep49. 【2011 四川 】A. Offer50. 【2011 重慶 】 peopleC. to have raisedA. to raise51. 【2011 重慶 】of his own dreams.A. check B. checking C. to check 53.【 2011 陜西 】More highways have been built in China,_ travel form one place to another.

52、A. making 54.【2011 湖南】A expressing 55.【2011 湖南】A. feel 56.【2011 遼寧 】A. Gather 57.【2011 江西 】 immediately rushed home from his office.A. says B. saidD. checkedit much easier for people toD. having madeThe abilityan idea is as important as the idea itselfB expressedC to expressD to be expressedDo you w

53、ake up every morningenergetic and ready to start a new day?B. to feel C. feeling D. feltaround the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.B. To gatherOn receiving a phone callB. madeC. to makeC. Gatheringfrom his wifeC. sayingD. To be gathering she had a fall, Mr. GordenD. to say真題答案與解析】1.

54、【答案】 C【解析】不定式表目的，又因 D 選項時態(tài)錯誤，故選 C。2. 【答案】 B【解析】此處 offer 的邏輯主語為空格前名詞 letter ，根據句意，兩者語態(tài)為主動關系，且表伴 隨，故選 B 。3. 【答案】 A，B( being done)D；而 time 與 use表被動【解析】 根據 last night 可知 start 已經發(fā)生， 故排除 C 、D（不定式常表將來） 一般表進行，也排除。非謂語動詞的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài) 現在分詞作定語4. 【答案】 B【解析】因為本句已有謂語動詞is，且沒有連詞或引導詞，故排除謂語形式為被動關系，所以選 B。謂語與非謂語動詞 過去分詞作條件

55、狀語或時間狀語5. 【答案】 C【解析】因為 work 與 do 為被動關系，而 need 后表被動用 -ing 的主動形式表被動含義，或用 不定式的被動形式，故選 C。謂語與非謂語動詞 不定式的被動語態(tài) 作賓語 短語 need to be done。6. 【答案】 A 【解析】結合選項來分析句子結構，逗號前為時間狀語從句，后面實際上是一個祈使句。由 此可知， A 選項符合題意。因此，正確答案為 A 選項。7. 【答案】 A 【解析】分析句子結構可知，空白處為后置定語，與被修飾的名詞是邏輯上的被動關系，而 且是將要發(fā)生的動作。由此可知，表示被動和將來的 A 選項符合題意。 B 表示被動進行， C 表示被動完成， D 表示被動完成，但是不作定語。因此，正確答案為 A 選項。8. 【答案】 A 【解析】逗號前為原因狀語，空白處與句子的主語為邏輯上的動賓關系，由此可排除表示主 動關系的 B 和 C 選項， D 選項常作目的和結果狀語，不作原因狀語，也可排除，而A 選項為現在分詞完成式的被動形式，可作時間狀語、原因狀語、結果狀語、伴隨狀語等。因此，正 確答案為 A 選項。9. 【答案】