課文聽(tīng)力文本unit9aboutyourself

1、Unit 9 About YourselfPart Getting ReadyExercise B.Keys：1. teeth, 24, 322. bones, 153,2063. heart, 98, 7.4. nose (meaning: not interfere in)5. foot (meaning: cause embarrassment by doing or saying sth. tactless)6. hand, hand(meaning: ask for help)7. ears (meaning: listen with care)8. Head (meaning: c

2、ompletely)9. neck (meaning: deeply involved in)10. heart, heart (meaning: with the deepest devotion)Tapescript:1. A: Do you know how many teeth you ve gotB: How many teeth Ooh, ooh, 24 More (Yes) 32A: Yes.2. A: Do you know how many bones there are in your bodyB: How many bones I'll take a guess.

3、 153.A: 206.3. A: How often does your heart beat？B: 98 times a minute.A: No, 70 times a minute.4. Bob: Do you know what the boss thinks you should do, Billy？Billy: Just you keep your great nose out of this, Bob, will you (Meaning: notinterfere in)5. Anne: Steven Kent, I never, never want to see you

4、in my life again. Steven: Oh no.Mary: You really have put your foot in it, haven't you(Meaning: cause embarrassment by doing or saying sth. tactless)6. Kate: Dave! Can you give me a hand, pleaseDave: What？Kate: I said can you give me a hand.Dave: All right, I'm coming. No need to shout. (Mea

5、ning: ask for help)7. Max: Are there any jobs going in your company then, for an intelligent,hard-working youngman; like my son Julian？Frank: No, I haven't heard of any at all recently.Max: Well, could you keep your ears open, just in case (Meaning: listen withcare)8. Carol: Have you heard about

6、 Maggie thenNorma: Maggie Maggie ThatcherCarol: No. Maggie Brown. She's in love again.Norma: Oh not again. Who with this timeCarol:Withherboss.Head overheelscompletely)in？lovewithhim,sheis.(Meaning:9. Nick: Have you ever lent any money to MickJill: Mick Huh! I wouldn't lend him any if I were

7、 you.？Nick: Why not Doesn't he pay it back？10. Liz: She's a very good doctor. Never looks at her watch. Never complains. Nothing's too much trouble for her.Pat:I know, yeah. Not many likeher about.She's allheart,really.Allheart.(Meaning: with the deepest devotion)Part Exercise A.Keys

8、:43524134 4 1Tapescript:Our body ismadeup ofthousandsof differentparts.Allthese partswork togetherto keep us alive and to help us move around. The parts of the human body are likethe parts of a very complicated machine. Like any other machine, however, if it isinexpertly cared for, over-taxed or ins

9、ufficiently used, it will become rusty,sluggish or clogged and parts of its mechanism may even grind to a halt. That iswhy itis so importanttokeep everypartof thehuman machine healthyand properlycared.To keep ingood runningorder,thebody requiresthe raw materialsfor growthand the replacement of tissu

10、es when necessary. Our bodies bum food like fuel toproduce the energy we need.The human digestive system is a bit like a very long tube, but it's a lot morecomplex. It's several meters long, and most of it is carefully coiled up in ourabdomen. It has several important jobs to do.First,itmust

11、 digestorbreakdown our food. Digestionstartsthemoment foodentersourmouth.Then itcontinuesas the foodis squeezed along the gutby musclesin the walloftheintestine.As thefoodtravelsthroughthegut,naturalchemicalscalled enzymes are added to it, which help break down the food. Then this digestedfood and w

12、ater must be absorbed from the gut into our blood stream so that it canbe used by thebody.Finally,the gut must carryaway any waste productsin the formof feces.Usually our intestine does all these things very efficiently. But sometimesthingscango wrong.Probablythemostcommon gutsymptoms arediarrheaand

13、constipation.With diarrhea, the food and water travels too quickly through the intestine,often making the feces watery, and making it necessary to open the bowels morefrequently.There are lotsof causes of diarrhea.Probablythe commonest causes of diarrheaare contaminated food or water, and infection

14、caused by viruses or parasites.Many cases of diarrheaclearup withina few days withoutany specialmedicines.But the body loses a lot of fluid through diarrhea, so there is a very real riskof the body dryingout or becoming dehydrated.Because of thisriskof dehydration,the best treatment for diarrhea is

15、simply to make sure you are dinking enough.Avoiding dehydration in this way can be a life saver.Exercise B.Keys:Causes of diarrhea:food poisoning, themselves, the gut,get very nervous, stressed about something diarrheaTreatment of diarrhea:serious,clearup, one or two days, drinklotsof fluid,eat too

16、much, saltand sugar,specially mixed, sugar and a pinch of saltTapescript:There are lots of different causes of diarrhea. Um, there are infections thatcan happen, and thisisfood poisoning,ifyou like,where in your food you eat somesort of bacteria or organisms, which infect you. Some foods can just ir

17、ritate thegut and tend to give you diarrhea, although they are not infected. It's just thefood itself(that)might irritateyour system.Somepeople,ifthey get verynervousand stressed aboutsomething,findtheytendto get diarrhea.Somethingcalledtheirritablebowelsyndrome where somethinggoes wrong with th

18、eway the gutworks.Andpeople that suffer from this tend to get, um, tummy pains, and they get sometimesdiarrhea, sometimes constipation. All sorts of causes.Mostattacksofdiarrhea,urn,particularlyin adults,are not seriousand theyclearup by themselveswithinone or two days.The most importantthingistodri

19、nklots of fluid, because if you have got diarrhea, you're obviously losing a lot offluid. And so it's better really not to eat too much, not to worry about that, buto make sure you drink plenty of fluid. And ideally, this should have a little bitof salt and sugar in. You can get special dehy

20、drating fluids, which are speciallymixed. But if you want to make your own by adding just a teaspoonful of sugar anda pinch of salt, then it's obviously perfectly reasonable to do that.Part ImmunityExercise B.Keys:1.Because there are some things which were not naturally immune to.2. A version of

21、 an illness is given to the body, actually being infected with that infection. respond very quickly.and the body thinks that itsThe nexttimeitsees it,the body can3.No. We can t produce a vaccine for AIDS,for instance.4. The HIV virus,which causes AIDS, attacksthe human immune system.And the virusits

22、elf can change very easily. Its very difficult to find a vaccine which canrecognize all types of HIV.Tapescript:The human body is constantly under attack from invading germs and infections.And the only reason we don't suffer from constant illness is our bodies have theirown defensemechanism tofi

23、ghtoffdisease.This resistancetoinfectionis calledimmunity.A: How does immunity workB: Well, the immune system is the body's own secret army, which fights infection. And it consists of a whole range of troops, soldiers, their cells and their molecules. Now the headquarters of this army is really

24、the blood. That's whereitdoes most of itsfighting.And sometimesitneeds some reserve,and thatcomesfrom the bone marrow. That's where the immune cells are made.A: So there are many different kinds of cells, different kinds of molecules in theimmune system. I guessed theones thatwe'reprobab

25、lymore familiarwitharewhiteblood cells.B: That's right.Whitebloodcellsforma majorpartofthe body'sdefense.But therearealso antibodiesin theirlife,more proteins.They justlashontotheinvaders.The white cells can sometimes actually gobble up invaders. The clever thing isthat once the infection ha

26、s attacked our body, the immune system seems to havea memory ofthe invader,so thatthenext timeitsees theinvaderitcan attackvery quickly.A: There are some things which we're not naturally immune to and that's where vaccination comes in, isn't itB: Exactly.Vaccinationplayson the body's

27、abilitytoremember infection.So whathappens is that someoneis given a version of an illness, for instance,measlesor polio,or tuberculosis,and the body thinksthatitis actuallybeing infectedwith that infection. And the next time it sees it, the body can respond veryquickly. All the troops of its immune

28、 system can come into play.A: Now sometimes the immune system doesn't work very well, does itB: No. It's a remarkably complex system. And sometimes it can go wrong. Either it can be overactive, so it actually starts to attack our own body self, or it canbeunderachievesometimes,andwe aremore

29、likelytobe infectedinthatsituation.A: Are there any important illnesses, which result from the immune system so that it's turning on our bodies themselvesB: There are. One example would be a disease like multiple-sclerosis, where thebody'sown immune system attacksthe liningof nerves,which me

30、ans thatpeople'snerves don't work properly.A: We're able to assist the body in its fight against the illness in many cases,but there are some diseases which we don't seem to be able to produce a vaccinefor. AIDS is one of them. Why notB: The problem is AIDS, which is caused by the HI

31、V virus, attacks the human immune system, which means that our normal defenses aren't there to fight off thatinfection.The otherproblem with tryingto produce a vaccineagainstHIV or AIDSis that the virus, HIV, can change itself so easily. That's very difficult tofinda vaccine,which can recogn

32、izeallthe differenttypes of HIV. So one vaccinemay be effective against one type of the virus but it may absolutely be no goodfor another type.Exercise C.Keys:headquarters bloodGobbling up invadersHaving a memory of invadersUnderactive more likely to be infectedthe immune system:2 3vaccinationHIV: 1

33、46: 5Tapescript:Presenter:The human bodyisconstantlyunderattackfrominvadinggermsandinfections. And the only reason we don't suffer from constant illness isour bodies have their own defense mechanism to fight off disease. Thisresistance to infection is called immunity. And here with me to discuss

34、how it works is Grime Easton. He is a family doctor, and a member of theScienceIn Ithere in the BBC World Service.Grime,how does immunityworkGrime: Well, the immune system is the body's own secret army, if you like, whichfightsinfection.And itconsistsof a whole range of troops,soldiers,theircell

35、s and their molecules. Um, now the headquarters of this army is reallythe blood. That's whereit doesmost of the fighting. And sometimes it needssome reserve,some backup,and thatcomes from the bone marrow.That'swherethe immune cells' factories are,Presenter: So there are many different ki

36、nds of cells, and different kinds ofmolecules tied up in the immune system. I guessed the ones that we'reprobably more familiar with are white blood cells.Grime:That'sright.White blood cellsform a majorpartof the body'sdefense.Butthereare alsoantibodiesin theirlife,more proteins,which ju

37、stlashontothe invaders. Um, but, as you say, the white cells can sometimes actuallygobble up invaders. So the clever thing is that once the infection hasattacked our body, the immune system seems tohave a memory of theinvader,so that the next time it sees the invader it can attack very quickly.The i

38、mmunesystem in the human body fightsinvadingdisease.Immunity occurs becausethe immunesystem can remember the chemical makeup of invadinggerms and attackthemvery quickly.Presenter:There are some thingswhich we're not naturallyimmune to and that'swherevaccination comes in, isn't itGrime: E

39、xactly. Vaccination plays on the body's ability to remember infection. Sowhat happens is that someone isgiven a versionof an illness, for instance,measles or polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actuallybeing infected with that infection. And the next time it sees it, urn, theb

40、ody can respond very quickly. And all the troops of its immune system cancome into play.Vaccination can be used to protect the body against specific infections.Presenter: Now sometimes the immune system doesn't work very well, does itGrime: No. It's a remarkably complex system. It's a ve

41、ry complicated system. Andsometimes itcan go wrong. Eitheritcan be overactive,so itactuallystartsto attack our own body self, or it can be under active sometimes, and we aremore likely to be infected in that situation.Presenter: Are there any important illnesses, which result from the immune systems

42、o that it's turning on our bodies themselvesGrime: There are.And one example would be a diseaselikemultiple-sclerosis,wherethe body'sown immune system,we think,attacksthe liningof nerves,whichmeans that people's nerves don't work properly.Presenter: We're able to assist the body

43、in its fight against the illness in manycases,but thereare some diseaseswhich we don'tseem to be able to producea vaccine for. Um, AIDS is one of them. Why notGrime: Well,the problem is AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus,is thatHIV itselfattacksthe human immune system,which means thatour nor

44、mal defensesaren'tthereto fightoffthatinfection,or indeedmany othersortsofinfection.The other problem with trying to produce a vaccine against HIV or AIDS isthat the virus, HIV, can change itself so easily. Urn, that's to find a vaccine which can recognize all the different types of there ar

45、e. So one vaccine may be effective against one type ofvery thedifficultHIV, whichvirusbutit may absolutely be no good for another type.HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV destroys the body's immune system, and putsthe body at greater risk from other common infections.Presenter: I was talking

46、to Dr. Grime Easton of the Science In It about immunity.The reason why he, I, and I hope you, are able to remain as healthy as weare.Part The Circulatory SystemKeys:parts, waste, body, needed, heart, defense, cells, invaderstwo, lungs, blood, back, arterieswalls, cell, heart, oxygen, blood, digestiv

47、e, liver, heartPart HairKeys:Caller s name: JimProblem: losing hairBaillieCaller s doctor s opinion: nothing he can do aboutSolution: not a lot he can do about it; try to acceptit; hereditaryAdvice: dont comb it over; dontwear any false hairpiece thingsTapescript:Radio presenter: All right. Thank you for that call, Rosemary. We now go, I think,to Glasgow and our next caller, er, Jim Bail lie. Hello Jim.Jim: HelloRadio pres