初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)-時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)中中 考考 考考 點(diǎn)點(diǎn)1動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成。2動(dòng)詞的6種時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及區(qū)別(了解過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本用法)。3被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換(了解一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) )。語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 初中階段的時(shí)態(tài)共有初中階段的時(shí)態(tài)共有8 8種，種，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)

2、：(以以work為例為例)(2)(2)用法：用法：表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on every day, once a week, every five minutes, on SundaysSundays等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如

3、：I go to school at seven every day. I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。我每天七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。表示普遍真理。如：表示普遍真理。如： The earth _The earth _ the sun._ the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。goesgoes aroundaround (3)(3)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則如下：動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則如下：語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 2.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)(1)結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/aream/is/are動(dòng)

4、詞的動(dòng)詞的 inging形式形式(2)(2)用法：用法：表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，進(jìn)行表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，進(jìn)行( (不指狀態(tài)不指狀態(tài)) )，常用的時(shí)間狀，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：語(yǔ)有： now, at the moment now, at the moment ，look, listenlook, listen。如：如：Are you writing a letter to your friend now?Are you writing a letter to your friend now?你現(xiàn)在正在給你朋友寫信嗎？你現(xiàn)在正在給你朋友寫信嗎？Listen! She _Listen! She _ in the

5、 next room. in the next room.聽(tīng)！她正在隔壁唱歌。聽(tīng)！她正在隔壁唱歌。isis singingsinging 語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的詞有：用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的詞有：come, go, leave, come, go, leave, arrive, flyarrive, fly等，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：等，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：They _ England tomorrow They _ England tomorrow a afternoonfternoon. .他們明天下午要去英國(guó)。他們明天下午

6、要去英國(guó)。areare leavingleaving forfor 語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) (3)現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則：現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則：3.3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)(1)(1)結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：willwill動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 (2)(2)用法：用法：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： later, later, soon, in+soon, in+將來(lái)的時(shí)間將來(lái)的時(shí)間, next time, from now on, tomorrow, next time, from

7、now on, tomorrow等等。如：。如： 語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) (3)(3)注意：注意： 在以第一人稱作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句中，常用在以第一人稱作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句中，常用 shall shall 表示提議和詢問(wèn)表示提議和詢問(wèn) 情況，在以第二人稱作主語(yǔ)的句中，用情況，在以第二人稱作主語(yǔ)的句中，用will will 表示請(qǐng)求。如：表示請(qǐng)求。如：Where shall we / I Where shall we / I have lunch? have lunch? 我們?cè)谀睦锍晕顼?？我們?cè)谀睦锍晕顼垼空Z(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) “be going to“be

8、going to動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形” 也可表示將來(lái)時(shí)。也可表示將來(lái)時(shí)。a a表示主觀意愿、打算等。如：表示主觀意愿、打算等。如：Hes going to learn English next term.Hes going to learn English next term.下學(xué)期他打算學(xué)英語(yǔ)。下學(xué)期他打算學(xué)英語(yǔ)。b b根據(jù)已有跡象能推測(cè)出可能要發(fā)生的情況。如：根據(jù)已有跡象能推測(cè)出可能要發(fā)生的情況。如：Look at the black cloudsLook at the black clouds！It _It _ rain. _ rain. 看那些烏云！馬上要下雨了?？茨切踉?！馬上要下雨了。

9、isis goinggoing toto 語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 4 4一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要變?yōu)檫^(guò)去表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式。式。(1)(1)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：句型結(jié)構(gòu)：bebe動(dòng)詞型動(dòng)詞型(was (was 、were)were)I was a student last year. I was a student last year. 去年我是名學(xué)生。去年我是名學(xué)生。Were you at home this morning? Were you at home this morning? 今天早

10、上你在家嗎？今天早上你在家嗎？Yes, I was./No, I wasnt. Yes, I was./No, I wasnt. 是的，我在。是的，我在。/ /不，我不在。不，我不在。 行為動(dòng)詞型行為動(dòng)詞型Tom _ to Shanghai last year.Tom _ to Shanghai last year.去年湯姆去了上海。去年湯姆去了上海。John _John _ here last year._ here last year.去年約翰沒(méi)有住在這去年約翰沒(méi)有住在這. .DidDid you you seesee him just now? him just now? 你剛才看見(jiàn)他了

11、嗎？你剛才看見(jiàn)他了嗎？語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) wentwentdidntdidnt livelive和和when when 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。如：等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。如：When he got home, he _When he got home, he _ a rest._ a rest.當(dāng)他到家時(shí)，他休息了一會(huì)兒。當(dāng)他到家時(shí)，他休息了一會(huì)兒。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。這些狀語(yǔ)有：常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。這些狀語(yǔ)有：ago, ago, yesterday, last , when yesterday, last , when sbsb. was,

12、in 1995. was, in 1995等。如：等。如：hadhad語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) (3)(3)行為行為動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的規(guī)則變化變化：語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 5.5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)(1)結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： have/hashave/has動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞( (過(guò)去分詞變化規(guī)則基本與過(guò)去式變化相同。過(guò)去分詞變化規(guī)則基本與過(guò)去式變化相同。有些特殊變化需單獨(dú)記憶有些特殊變化需單獨(dú)記憶) )語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) (2)(2)用法：用法：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。表示過(guò)去發(fā)

13、生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。有時(shí)與有時(shí)與just, just, already, yet, recently, beforealready, yet, recently, before，ever, never, twice, ever, never, twice, ( (ever)sinceever)since, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few , ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years,years,等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：。如：I _I _ the film alre

14、ady. _ the film already. 我我已經(jīng)已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了。看過(guò)這部電影了。( (現(xiàn)在我知道電影的內(nèi)容了。現(xiàn)在我知道電影的內(nèi)容了。) )表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與“forfor時(shí)間段時(shí)間段”， for a long timefor a long time“sincesince時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”， =since a long time ago=since a long time ago語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) havehave seenseen (4)(4)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

15、在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，如果有持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要把非延在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，如果有持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，要把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如： I have had the book for two days.I have had the book for two days.這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩天了。這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩天了。( (用用hadhad，而不用，而不用bought)bought)I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.我已經(jīng)來(lái)東京兩周了。我已經(jīng)來(lái)東京兩周了。( (用用been in

16、been in，而不用，而不用come to)come to)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 常用瞬間動(dòng)詞變延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表常用瞬間動(dòng)詞變延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表have arrived at/in have arrived at/in swsw, , got to/reached got to/reached swsw, have been in , have been in swsw come/gone/moved to come/gone/moved to swswhave come/gone back, have come/gone back, returnedhavereturned

17、have been back been back have come/gone have come/gone outhaveouthave been out been outhave have becomehavebecomehave been been have closed/have closed/openedhaveopenedhave been closed/open been closed/openhave got have got uphaveuphave been up been uphave died_have died_have left have left swsw_hav

18、e fallen asleep/gone to have fallen asleep/gone to sleephavesleephave been asleep been asleephavehave beenbeen deaddeadhavehave beenbeen awayaway fromfrom swsw語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) have finished/ended/completedhave finished/ended/completed _have have marriedhavemarriedhave been married been marrie

19、d have started/begun to do have started/begun to do sthhavesthhave done done sthsthhave begun_have begun_have borrowed_have borrowed_have have boughtboughthavehave had hadhave have losthaventlosthavent had had have put have put onhaveonhave worn worn have caught/got a have caught/got a coldhavecoldh

20、ave had a cold had a cold have got to have got to knowhaveknowhave known known have gone have gone tohavetohave been in been in havehave beenbeen overoverhavehave beenbeen ononhavehave keptkept語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 21.21.have joinedhave joined / / taken part in the leaguetaken part in the league t

21、he Partythe Party the armythe army have been a member of have been a member of the leaguethe league the Partythe Party the army, the army, have been in have been in the league/the league/ the Party/the Party/ the army, the army, have been have been the Partys the Partys membermember the league the l

22、eague membermember the the soldiersoldier語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 6 6過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)(1)結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： was/werewas/weredoingdoing(2)(2)用法：用法：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：(3)(3)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： at 8 oclock yesterdayat 8 oclock yesterday語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) (4)(4)whenwhen和和whilewhile的區(qū)別的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)

23、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，whilewhile 連接的是時(shí)間段，后常接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連接的是時(shí)間段，后常接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞( (be+doingbe+doing) )；When When 連接的既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。連接的既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。What was your father doing _What was your father doing _ your mother was _ your mother was cookingcooking？你媽媽正在做飯時(shí)，你爸爸干什么呢？你媽媽正在做飯時(shí)，你爸爸干什么呢？What was your mother

24、 doing _What was your mother doing _ you came back?_ you came back?當(dāng)你回來(lái)時(shí)，你媽媽干什么呢？當(dāng)你回來(lái)時(shí)，你媽媽干什么呢？whilewhilewhenwhen語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) whilewhile可以連接兩個(gè)并列的句子，而可以連接兩個(gè)并列的句子，而whenwhen不可以。如：不可以。如：I was trying my best to finish my work while my I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was

25、watching TV. sister was watching TV. 我當(dāng)時(shí)正在盡力完成作業(yè)，而我的妹妹正在看電視。我當(dāng)時(shí)正在盡力完成作業(yè)，而我的妹妹正在看電視。whenwhen可作特殊疑問(wèn)詞，對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，可作特殊疑問(wèn)詞，對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，while while 不能。不能。When were you born?When were you born?你是什么時(shí)候出生的？你是什么時(shí)候出生的？語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)： 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1 1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被

26、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成: be: be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(1)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)am/is/aream/is/are動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(2)(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)was/werewas/were動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(3)(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)will/shall/ will/shall/ bebe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。A bridge A bridge will be built will be built over the river.over the river.人們將在這條河上建一座橋。人們將在這條河上

27、建一座橋。語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) (4)(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)am/is/aream/is/arebeingbeing動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。如：如：A bridge A bridge is being builtis being built over the river. over the river.人們正在這條河上建橋。人們正在這條河上建橋。(5)(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)have/hashave/hasbeenbeen動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(6)(6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)was/werewas/were

28、beingbeing動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(7)(7)過(guò)去完成時(shí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)had beenhad been動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(8)(8)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)would bewould be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(9)(9)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： 主語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞bebe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。如：去分詞。如：A bridge A bridge can be seencan be seen over the river. over the river.人們能看到河上有座橋。人們能看到河上有座橋。(10)(10)在

29、使役動(dòng)詞have, make, let以及感官動(dòng)詞see, find, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。如：如：Someone Someone sawsaw a stranger a stranger walkwalk into the building. into the building. 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為：A stranger was seen_ into the building.A stranger was seen_ into the building.有人看見(jiàn)一個(gè)陌生人走

30、進(jìn)了這座樓。有人看見(jiàn)一個(gè)陌生人走進(jìn)了這座樓。toto walkwalk 語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 2 2某些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的某些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)(1)英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞，如：英語(yǔ)中有很多動(dòng)詞，如： break, catch, clean, drive, break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, washlock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)

31、通物動(dòng)詞來(lái)描述主語(yǔ)特征時(shí)，常用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)通常是物。常是物。如：如：This kind of cloth _This kind of cloth _._.這種布料很好洗。這種布料很好洗。 注意注意 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)的特征，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。外界作用造成的影響。試比較：試比較：The door wont lock.(The door wont lock.(指門本身有毛病指門本身有毛病) )The door wont be locked.(The door wont be locked.(指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門

32、，表示指不會(huì)有人來(lái)鎖門，表示“門門沒(méi)有鎖沒(méi)有鎖”是人的原因是人的原因) )washeswashes wellwell 語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) (2)(2)表示表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)，如：happen, happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn outcome true, run

33、out, give out, turn out等以主動(dòng)形式表等以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：示被動(dòng)意義。如：How do the newspapers come out? How do the newspapers come out? 這些報(bào)紙是如何印刷出來(lái)的呢？這些報(bào)紙是如何印刷出來(lái)的呢？(3)(3)系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式，但有些系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式，但有些表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞，表示感受、感官的連系動(dòng)詞，如：如：feel, sound, taste, feelfeel, sound, taste, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：式表示被動(dòng)意義。如

34、：Your reason sounds reasonable.Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由聽(tīng)起來(lái)很合理。你的理由聽(tīng)起來(lái)很合理。語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) (4)(4)下列結(jié)構(gòu)中的下列結(jié)構(gòu)中的V V inging必須用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義：必須用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義：want (need, require, request) “want (need, require, request) “需要需要”V V inging。但當(dāng)?shù)?dāng)這些動(dòng)詞后接不定式時(shí)，則必須用被動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：這些動(dòng)詞后接不定式時(shí)，則必須用被動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如

35、：The bike The bike needs mendingneeds mending. .這輛自行車需要修理。這輛自行車需要修理。Our classroom Our classroom needs to be cleanedneeds to be cleaned. .我們的教室需要打掃。我們的教室需要打掃。語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)語(yǔ)法互動(dòng)(十十) 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1 1My father always _My father always _(ride) his bike to _(ride) his bike to work.work.2 2Whats he doing?Whats he doing? Hes _ Hes _ (wait) for his parents._ (wait)