高中重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、內(nèi)部資料 高中英語時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)是英語動(dòng)詞所特有的，主要用于謂語動(dòng)詞，用來表示說明句子中一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和狀態(tài)。說到謂語動(dòng)詞這里先來了解一下它的種類，以便為下面詳細(xì)講述謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)做一下鋪墊。1英語句子的兩種謂語動(dòng)詞英語句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞只有兩種：一種是行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）充當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞，用來說明主語的動(dòng)作或行為。We like the book.我們喜歡這本書。She is working in the office.她正在辦公司里工作。一種是連系動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞。（主要是連系動(dòng)詞be（是），此外還有少數(shù)幾個(gè)連系動(dòng)詞如sound聽起來，smell聞起來，look看起來，taste嘗起了，see

2、m似乎等），用來連接、聯(lián)系主語和表語（也叫主語補(bǔ)語）。The river is very long.這條河（是）很長（的）。We are good friends.我們是好朋友。You look tired.你看上去累了。The song sounds good.這歌聽起來不錯(cuò)。連系動(dòng)詞本身實(shí)際意義不大，動(dòng)作的成份和意味也不多，主要起一個(gè)語法結(jié)構(gòu)作用。連系動(dòng)詞有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，如果把它丟掉，句子仍可以正常理解，如果是行為動(dòng)詞則不能。2謂語動(dòng)詞為行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)的十種常用時(shí)態(tài)行為動(dòng)詞do的十種常用時(shí)態(tài)速記表時(shí)態(tài)一般態(tài)進(jìn)行態(tài)完成態(tài)完成進(jìn)行態(tài)現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+ doinghave /has

3、 +donehave/has been +doing 過去時(shí)didwas/were+doinghad done將來時(shí)will/shall+dowill/shall+be doingwill/shall have done過去將來時(shí)would+dowas/were+going to將四種時(shí)間和行為動(dòng)詞的四種狀態(tài)相乘，可以得出行為動(dòng)詞的16種時(shí)態(tài)，但實(shí)際上一般用到的只有11種，它們分別是下表中列出的：現(xiàn)在：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)（4種）過去：一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，過去完成時(shí)態(tài)（3種）將來：一般將來時(shí)態(tài)，將來進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 將來完成時(shí)態(tài)（3種）過去將來：一般過去將

4、來時(shí)態(tài)（1種）一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be(am/is/are)動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞do/does否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)

5、，還原行為動(dòng)詞。二、一般過去時(shí)：概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be (was/were) 動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞did否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：was或were放

6、于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。時(shí)間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were +

7、 not + doing.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語：recently, so far, lately, since,for,in the past few years, etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +done. 一般疑問句：have或has放于句首。 六、過去完成時(shí) 概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即 “過去的過去” 時(shí)間狀語：before,by t

8、he end of last year(term,month). 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had done 否定：had not done 一般疑問句：had放句首 七、一般將來時(shí) 概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或存在的狀態(tài)及打算，計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事 時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow,next day,soon,in a few minutes. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：1、am/is/are going to 2、will/shall do 否定：1、 am/is/are not going to 2、wont do /shant do 一般疑問句：1、be 放于句首 2、will /shall 提于句首 八、過去將來時(shí) 概念：立

9、足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中 時(shí)間狀語：the next day,the following month 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：1、was/were going to do 2、would do 否定： 1、was/were not going to 2、would not do一般疑問句：was/were ,would放于句首。九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 概念：表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。構(gòu)成：主語+have/has+been doing(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)， 時(shí)間狀語有:all the time, all night, all the morning, all on

10、es life, during the night, recently,these few days,等e.g. I have been learning English three years ago.三年以來我一直在學(xué)英語。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）（二）表示一個(gè)過去某時(shí)開始一直在進(jìn)行并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束，對現(xiàn)在有影響。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了。(你總算來了)Im tired because Ive been running.我很累因?yàn)槲乙恢迸艿浆F(xiàn)在。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直進(jìn)行并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。對比Im

11、 tired because Ive run.我累了因?yàn)槲遗芰恕?qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已完成。（三）有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。They have been living in this city for ten years. They have lived in this city for ten years.他們在這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）I have been working here for five years. I have worked here for five years.我在這里已經(jīng)工作五年了。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）（四）大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不

12、等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。I have been writing a book.（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去） 我一直在寫一本書。I have written a book.（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）我已經(jīng)寫了一本書。They have been building a bridge.他們一直在造一座橋。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）They have built a bridge. 他們造了一座橋。（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）十、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 概念：表示在將來某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：will/shall +be+doing 時(shí)間狀語：at 8 tomorrow morning , from 2 to 3 tomorrow

13、 afternoon, at this time next week等。What will he be doing this time next week? He will be fishing this time next week.十一、將來完成時(shí)態(tài) 概念：表示在將來某一時(shí)刻將完成或在另一個(gè)未來的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作. 構(gòu)成：will/shall have done 將來完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語一般用介詞by引入,如：Mr Smith will have returned home by next month. 到下個(gè)月史密斯先生將已回到家了. 常用時(shí)間狀語有：by (the time /

14、the end of ) + 表示將來時(shí)間的短語和句子； before (the end of ) + 表示將來時(shí)間的詞語或句子等。 英語時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)一覽表復(fù)習(xí) do表示動(dòng)詞原形 done表示動(dòng)詞過去分詞 did表示動(dòng)詞過去式 doing表示動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志詞構(gòu)成否定構(gòu)成被動(dòng)構(gòu)成特殊情況一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)sometimes, usually, often, always, every week/ year/twice a week,主語+do單三+do/does 主語+dont+do主語+doesnt+ do  am/is/are+done客觀真理/愛好、語言If/wh

15、en/as soon as等主從句搭配中主將從現(xiàn)一般過去時(shí)last year, an hour ago, in +過去的年份，just now, thismorning, later, the other dayin the past, yesterday, the day before yesterday,主語+did 主語+didnt +do  was/were+done1.There used to be school here，_ _?2. He had some books.(否)3.He was ill ,_ _?一般將來時(shí)this, nex

16、t, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tonight, in + 時(shí)間段, soon, before long,in the future， will  + do  wont+ do  will be+donebe going to doThere is going to be There will be.Shall I/we.?用來提建議現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Now / look! / listen!Its oclock now. /Be quiet ! am/is/are+ doingam/is/

17、are+not+doingam/is/are +being+donego, come, leave,等表位移的動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)already, just, yet, never,ever, recently,till/until, so far, up to now, for, since, in the past2weeks=during the last 2 weeks, have/has +done  havent/hasnt+done  have/has been +donehave/has been to去了已回，have

18、/has gone to去了還沒有回有for/since時(shí)應(yīng)該用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;borrow_;buy_ leave_die_come_過去進(jìn)行時(shí) at three yesterday afternoon, from nine to ten last night, at this time yesterday，at that time，when/ while was/were +doingwasnt/werent +doing was/were being + doneWhile的從句用_時(shí)，主句用_時(shí)。When的從句用_時(shí)，主句用_時(shí)。過去完成時(shí)主要用于賓語從句和時(shí)

19、間狀語從句中By the time he got there, the bus. When I got home, I realized that I had+done hadnt +done had been + done 高考秘笈1可以用如下方法確定時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)：(1)根據(jù)句子的時(shí)間狀語來確定時(shí)態(tài)。(2)根據(jù)語境，即上下文確定時(shí)態(tài)。(3)根據(jù)主句和從句的關(guān)系來確定時(shí)態(tài)。(4)根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法確定時(shí)態(tài)。在按語法規(guī)則確定正確時(shí)態(tài)的同時(shí)，我們還必須注意時(shí)態(tài)的某些特殊用法和習(xí)慣用法。(5)注意主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。分析主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，確定動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)。如果主語是

20、謂語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。反之，如果主語是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者，則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意，不及物動(dòng)詞和某些短語動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。點(diǎn)金在主從復(fù)合句中，主句謂語動(dòng)詞與從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是相呼應(yīng)的。如：在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，若主句是一般過去時(shí)，則從句要使用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。2固定句型中的固定時(shí)態(tài)在某些固定句型里往往有固定的時(shí)態(tài)要求，請?bào)w會(huì)下列句子中時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用：(1)This/It is the first/second.time I have done sth.That/It was the first/second.time I had done sth.(2)It is two years s

21、ince he went abroad./It was two years since he had gone abroad.(3)I was about to go out when the telephone rang.(4)Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.(5)No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.(6)It won't be long before he comes back./It wasn't long before he came back.(7

22、)I didn't manage to understand it until he had explained it again.(8)祈使句and(or，or else，otherwise)并列分句高考真題：1. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college. A. graduated B. has graduatedC. had been D. had graduated2.This time tomorrow you _ there doing some more exercises.A) w

23、ill sit B) will be sitting C) sit D) shall sit3 .-Joan, what_in your hand?-Look! Its a birthday gift for my grandma.A. had you held B. are you holding C. do you hold D. will you hold 4.I have to see the doctor because I a lot lately. A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. coughWe _ on th

24、is project for four hours. Lets have a rest.A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked5. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _ by scientists. A .are making B. are made C. will make D. will be made6. This coastal area _a national wildlife reserve last year.A. wa

25、s named B. named C. is named D. names7 .When I got on the bus,I_I had left my wallet at home.A. was realizingB. realizedC. have realizedD. would realize8. More than a dozen students in that school _ around to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent9. The match wil

26、l be put off if it_.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining-When _ again?-When he_, Ill let you know. A. he comes; comes B. will he come; will come; C. he comes; will come D. will he come; comes10. By the end of this year ,I _enough money for a holiday. A will save B will be saving C will have

27、 saved D have savedI hope her health _greatly by the time we come back next year.A improves B improved C will be improved D will have improve 真題單句歸納(時(shí)態(tài)改錯(cuò))(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop(2) and had returned to the car! Bill is standing at the side of the car總結(jié)：簡單句的五種基本句型? 掌握

28、這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。種類類型主語S謂語動(dòng)詞v表語/賓語p賓語0賓補(bǔ)oc第1種S+VWework   第種He playsbasketball  第種We arestudents  第種S+v+IO+DOShegaveme a pen. 第種S+V+O+OCHe mademe laugh基本句型一： （不及物動(dòng)詞 vi.） 1. The sun was shining. 太陽在照耀著。2. The universe remains. 宇宙長存。3. What he said doe

29、s not matter. 他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。 4. The pen writes smoothly 這支筆書寫流利?；揪湫?二： （主謂賓）構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是代詞賓格，如：me，him，them等 （及物動(dòng)詞） （不及物動(dòng)詞）+介詞 1. Who knows the answer? 誰知道答案？ 2. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。3. He arrived in Beijing yesterday.基本句型 三： （主系表） （是系動(dòng)詞） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。2. The dinne

30、r smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。3. He fell in love. 他墮入了情網(wǎng)。 基本句型 四： （主謂間賓直賓） （及物） （多指人） （多指物） 1. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來了一本字典。2. He denies her nothing. 他對她什么都不拒絕。3. I told him that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點(diǎn)了。4. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我開機(jī)器。 但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。如：

31、 He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order,

32、 sing, save, spare等。基本句型 五： （主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）（此句型是高一模塊三的語法內(nèi)容）說明: 此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不夠完整。The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. （及物） （賓語） （賓補(bǔ)）1名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞The war| made| him |a soldier. 戰(zhàn)爭使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.2名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞New methods |make

33、 |the job| easy. 新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松. 3名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語I |often find| him |at work. 我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作. 4名詞/代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式The teacher| ask |the students |to close the windows.老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶. 5名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞I |saw |a cat |running across the road.我看見一只貓跑過了馬路.用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面，以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即：主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語

34、。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.語法部分 定語從句從句：在復(fù)合句中不能獨(dú)立成句，有主語和謂語部分。 e.g. I graduated from Cambridge University when I was 22 years old. 劃線部分能單獨(dú)成為一個(gè)句子嗎?我22歲的時(shí)候從劍橋大學(xué)畢業(yè)。復(fù)合句是指既有主句又有從句的句子。提要一: 限制性定語從句She is the girl who/that lives next door. (關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語)The girl who/whom/that I met at

35、 the school gate is from America.(關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語)The library is a place that/which is quiet and comfortable. (關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語)The book that/ which I borrowed from the library is very interesting. (關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語)I sat next to a girl whose mane was Mary.(關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作定語)分析：All my classmates enjoyed the cak

36、e that/which I made.that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情況下, 一般用that而不用which。(1) 先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞時(shí)。e. g.1 All that he said is true. All 是先行詞,that是關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,作及物動(dòng)詞said(say的過去式)的賓語,也可以省略 All he said is true.2. Everything/Something/ Nothing/that you said i

37、s true(2)先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)。They go to the library to look up any information that they need(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時(shí)。The first序數(shù)詞修飾先行詞 thing that we should do is to work out a plan. 我們應(yīng)該做的第一件事是訂個(gè)計(jì)劃This is the best film that Ive seen.(4)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last

38、修飾時(shí)。That is the last/only lesson_ that _I gave you.This is the very book _that _Im after.特別注意:先行詞有one, the one, the only one修飾時(shí),定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞分別用復(fù)數(shù),單數(shù),單數(shù)謂語 如:He is one of the boys that are present at the meeting now.He is the only one of them that is_present at the meeting now.He is the one of them that

39、 is_present at the meeting. 5) 當(dāng)先行詞中既有人，又有物時(shí)I still remember the schools and boys _that _I met there.（6）當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語時(shí)，用that。It is no longer the small town that it used to be.(7）當(dāng)主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時(shí)，用thatWhich is the book _that _you want?Who is the girl _that _sits there（8主句以There be開頭，先

40、行詞為物時(shí)常用that引導(dǎo)定語從句 ，先行詞為人時(shí)，常用who 引導(dǎo).Are there any problems_that trouble you?提要二:介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句一. 關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語 (介詞也是可以有賓語的)，不論是在限制性定語從句中，還是在非限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時(shí)，只能 用 whom 指人，which 指物；但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語中。如：Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.先行詞是b

41、ook,物,介詞提前那么只能用which賓語,This is the book /which/that/- I spent 8 yuan on.特例:以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且 通?？梢允÷?。如： The way (that / in which /省略) he answered the questions was surprising他回答這些問題的方式令人驚奇。 I dont like the way (that / in which/ 省略) you laugh at her. 我不喜歡你嘲笑她的樣子二. 關(guān)系代詞前介詞(介詞whi

42、ch)的確定1. 根據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的搭配習(xí)慣。This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan. pay money for sth.為固定搭配2. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣。I remember the day on which I joined the League3. 根據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?三. 定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的使用1.定語從句中關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why 2.關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中所作的成份：關(guān)

43、系副詞在定語從句中都作狀語。 when 作時(shí)間狀語；where 作地點(diǎn)狀語；why 作原因狀語。如：He remember the day when his father died. when 作時(shí)間狀語，意為 on the dayI went back to the place where I was born and grew up. where 作地點(diǎn)狀語，意為in the placePlease give me the reason why you were late this time. why作原因狀語，意為for the reason關(guān)系副詞的使用場合有兩種： 1.定語從句中，主

44、，謂，賓成分完整時(shí)。 He will remember the day when he joined the Party. 2.定語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)。 He will remember the factory where he worked ten years ago. 并非先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞時(shí)都用when, where, why，若先行詞在定語從句中不作狀語，而是作主語或賓語，就必須用which或that。 如： e.g We often think of the days which we spent together in the countrysidewhi

45、ch在定語從句中作賓語比較: We often think of the days when we worked together in the countryside. when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于 on the days。We believe the reason that he told us. 雖然是reason作先行詞,但是定語從句中缺的是賓語成分,只能用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句.比較: The reason why/for which he was absent yesterday is still unknown.此處why是關(guān)系副詞,做原因狀語.提要三: 非限制性定語從句

46、定語從句分為限制性定語從句(restrictive )和非限制性定語從句(non-restrictive)兩種。1.限制性定語從句與先行詞之間不用逗號(hào)隔開；非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間一般用逗號(hào)隔開。2.限制性定語從句和先行詞關(guān)系密切，如果去掉從句，剩余部分意義不完整；非限制性定語從句只是先行詞的附加說明，如果去掉從句，意義仍然完整。3.1)限制性定語從句可以由關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略。2) 非限制性定語從句既可修飾先行詞,又可修飾整個(gè)主句,不可用that引導(dǎo)且關(guān)系代詞不可以省略。He has two sons, _B_ are college students.He

47、 has two sons, and _C_ are college students. A. both of which B. both of whomC. both of them D. both of it非限制性定語從句中通常使用下列關(guān)系代詞和副詞關(guān)系代詞：which / who / whom / whose / as 關(guān)系副詞：when / where(非限制性定語從句中不用關(guān)系詞that；非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞不能省略)all / some/ of + whom / which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句e.g. He has told us many stories, all of w

48、hich are about the famous Long Match.2The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,可指代整個(gè)主句或事件如:Marydog became ill and died, which made him very sad.as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1 位置的不同。 which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能位于主句后，which 不可能放在句首，但as引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句前、中、后。如：David, as you know

49、, is a photograopher. 戴維是個(gè)攝影師，你是知道的。(不可用which)2.含義的區(qū)別。 as有“正如”的含義，which沒有此含義，而which則意為“這(件事，一點(diǎn))”，可用and this/that/it來代替。As is well known，Shanghai is a big city Some of the roads were flooded， which made our journey more difficult as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(這是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often

50、happens(正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣)，as is known to all(眾所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。注：which 代表整個(gè)句子，還可用于in which case, at which point, on which occasion等。如：I may have to work late, in which case Ill telephone you. 我可能得晚點(diǎn)下班，那樣我會(huì)給你打電話的。3.as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句只表示一個(gè)眾所周知或意料之中的事，但 which 不受此限制。如

51、：He married her, which was unexpected. 他和她結(jié)婚了，這是出乎意料的。(不可用as) The weather turned out to be very good, _which_ was more than we could expect那不僅僅是我們所預(yù)料的。 又如 Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明遲到了，這事是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的。(這里不可用which, as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(這是常有的事)定語從句專項(xiàng)1. The place _interested me most

52、was the Children's Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the y

53、ear _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day _I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6. The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7. Great changes have taken

54、 place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8. Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 9. The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by wh

55、ich 10. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 11. The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 12 This is the house_ window broke last night.A.that B. which C. whose D.whom考前歸納之動(dòng)詞篇 

56、0;  動(dòng)詞搭配：Will you please (not )do/         請你（不）做某事好嗎？Would you please (not )do?      請你（不）做某事好嗎？Why not do?=Why dont you do?    為什么不做某事呢？            

57、     had better not do               最好做某事let /make s.b do                  讓某人做某事would rather do than do          寧肯做。而不做.    can/may/must/should do            能/ 可以/ 必須/ 應(yīng)該做1. want /w