完形填空解題技巧

1、完形填空解題技巧完形填空解題技巧 完形填空題的特點(diǎn)是篇幅小，但起點(diǎn)高，題量大，字?jǐn)?shù)在250-350之間。完形填空的完形填空的選材近年來為第一人稱為主的選材近年來為第一人稱為主的夾敘夾議勵(lì)夾敘夾議勵(lì)志型材料志型材料，具有極強(qiáng)的時(shí)代意義和真切的，具有極強(qiáng)的時(shí)代意義和真切的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義?，F(xiàn)實(shí)意義。完形填空考查考生對(duì)語法，詞匯，習(xí)語，句型，搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力和短文的閱讀理解能力，靈活運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的能力并且根據(jù)試題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行正確的邏輯推理，綜合判斷和分析概括的能力。 高考命題聚焦高考命題聚焦 整個(gè)語篇和上下文語境邏輯關(guān)系的考查 語法知識(shí)和靈活運(yùn)用的考查 特定語境中詞語辨析和應(yīng)用的考查 固定搭配和慣用

2、法的考查 考查重點(diǎn)考查重點(diǎn) 語境邏輯關(guān)系的理解 語境深層含義的理解 情景或態(tài)度的理解 Steps 1. 首先，仔細(xì)審題，明確大意。首先要以很快的速度瀏覽全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看選項(xiàng)。瀏覽全文時(shí)要重點(diǎn)了解文中所敘述的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件 2 根據(jù)上下文語境來確定最佳選項(xiàng) 近年來的完形填空試題在選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置上越來越淡化語法結(jié)構(gòu)，重在文意的干擾，即把具體的語言知識(shí)溶進(jìn)具體的語言情景中去，考查考生通過上下文的前后提示或暗示，對(duì)整體文意進(jìn)行把握的能力 或許所給的四個(gè)答案在語法和結(jié)構(gòu)上都是正確的，上下文的語境 3. 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理。NMET完形填空往往以自身的內(nèi)容提供完整的

3、語篇信息，其間交織滲透著各類相關(guān)的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，考查考生靈活運(yùn)用該方面知識(shí)的能力。解決這類題目，考生不僅要有廣博的知識(shí)、豐富的生活經(jīng)歷，還要能夠駕馭全文，不僅理解文章的表層意義，而且要弄清文章的深層意義。當(dāng)對(duì)語言的把握不很準(zhǔn)確時(shí)，可充分利用社會(huì)文化知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)來幫助判斷。 4. 根據(jù)詞語的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配來選擇答案詞的固定搭配，特別是動(dòng)詞的搭配在完形填空題中出現(xiàn)的比例也是比較大的，多數(shù)題目涉及到動(dòng)詞的用法和各種搭配關(guān)系 【題型【題型1】主旨題：通過線索判斷體裁，借助關(guān)鍵信息，推斷主】主旨題：通過線索判斷體裁，借助關(guān)鍵信息，推斷主旨大意，掌握思路，鎖定話題方向。旨大意，掌握思路，鎖

4、定話題方向。 【典例【典例】Soon it would be the holidays, but before that, there were year exams. All the _1_ had been working hard for some time, reviewing their lessons for the exams. If they didnt _2_, they would have to retake in September. There were usually a few who _3_, but Jane didnt want to be one of t

5、hem. She had worked hard all year, _4_ just before the exams she was working so hard that her sister Barbara was _5_ about her. 1. A. teachers B. students C. classmates D. schools 2. A. prepare B. miss C. join D. pass 3. A. succeeded B. failed C. ended D. called 4. A. but B. so C. or D. because 5. A

6、. excited B. frightened C. worried D. pleased 【tips】閱讀首句可知，本文是一篇記敘文。接下來作者一定要描述有關(guān)考試的事情。所以，做題時(shí)，一定要依據(jù)平常應(yīng)付考試時(shí)的表現(xiàn)和一般心理感受，把詞匯鎖定在與考試有關(guān)的單詞或短語上。詞匯搭配詞匯搭配【2】Soon after Tony left college, one of his uncles, who was rich and had no children of his own, died and left a lot of money, so he decided to set up his ow

7、n company. He found a nice office, bought a lot of things to _1_ it, and moved in. He had only been there for a few hours _2_ he heard someone _3_ towards the door of his office. “Its my first visitor!” He thought. He quickly _4_ the telephone up and pretended to be very _5_ answering an important c

8、all from someone in NewYork.1. A. supply B. furnish C. fill D. match 2. A. and B. then C. when D. suddenly 3. A. going B. walking C. approaching D. entering 4. A. hung B. answered C. picked D. brought 5. A. interested B. active C. busy D. fascinated考查邏輯判斷考查邏輯判斷邏輯關(guān)系是指表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)特定，意思密切相連，邏輯關(guān)系是指表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)特定，意思密切相連

9、，語氣一致的詞組或句子組成的語言現(xiàn)象，其形式整齊勻稱，語氣一致的詞組或句子組成的語言現(xiàn)象，其形式整齊勻稱，內(nèi)容聯(lián)系緊密，進(jìn)一步表達(dá)出語言的中心內(nèi)涵內(nèi)容聯(lián)系緊密，進(jìn)一步表達(dá)出語言的中心內(nèi)涵 【典例【典例3】 After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and _1_ some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the animals foot! Chinese scientists have now set up a special group

10、to exchange information and make a _2_ of the forest. But in the meantime, some people _3_ to believe that this half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is _4_ until one of the animals has been caught. 1. A. cut B. pulled C. collected D. tore 語境邏輯語境邏輯 2. A. film B. tour C. choice

11、D. study 詞匯搭配詞匯搭配 3. A. come B. refuse C. prefer D. have 行文邏輯行文邏輯 4. A. wrong B. alive C. real D. correct 文化背景常識(shí)題文化背景常識(shí)題：通過巧妙利用文中所滲透的文化，科學(xué)，歷史，地理，：通過巧妙利用文中所滲透的文化，科學(xué)，歷史，地理，風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識(shí)，科學(xué)解題。風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識(shí)，科學(xué)解題?！纠纠?】The real marathon (a long-distance running race of 42.km) in my town usually occurs during a

12、 heat wave. My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance _1_ any of them needed medical attention.“Were supposed to stay behind the _2_ runner, so take it slowly,”I said to the driver, Doug, as the race started.The front-runners started to _3_ and then my eyes were _4_ to the woman in blu

13、e silk running shorts and a loose white T-shirt.We knew we were already watching our “l(fā)ast runner”. Her _5_ were so crippled that it seemed almost impossible for her to be able to walk, let alone run a marathon.1. A. so that B. in case C. even though D. only if 句法句法 2. A. first B. best C. only D. la

14、st 行文邏輯行文邏輯 3. A. run B. separate C. disappear D. appear 生活常識(shí)生活常識(shí) 4. A. drawn B. thrown C. fixed D. caught 詞匯知識(shí)詞匯知識(shí) 5. A. hands B. legs C. arms D. body 生活常識(shí)生活常識(shí) 完形填空題基本上都是獨(dú)立的語篇，它提完形填空題基本上都是獨(dú)立的語篇，它提供了完整的語言信息，其中有時(shí)夾雜著供了完整的語言信息，其中有時(shí)夾雜著社社會(huì)知識(shí)，自然知識(shí)或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等常識(shí)知識(shí)會(huì)知識(shí)，自然知識(shí)或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等常識(shí)知識(shí)。在解答時(shí)，要積極地運(yùn)用自己所掌握的在解答時(shí)，要積極地運(yùn)用自己

15、所掌握的文文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，特別是注意，特別是注意中西中西文化的差異文化的差異，將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與，將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，順利的解答判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，順利的解答試題。試題。 【例【例5】when children grow up and want to (1)_ , their parents do not owe them a down payment on a house. They don not have the _(2) to baby-sit their grandchildren. 1.A get a job B

16、. get married C. go abroad D. live alone風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣 2. A. time B. right C. energy D. duty語境判斷和詞匯運(yùn)用題 【例【例6】A mining engineer enjoyed flying very much. One day, he was flying his own plane over a lonely island when a _1_ storm came, so he was _2_ to make a forced landing. The plane was in good _3_ but hi

17、s legs and shoulder got _4_ hurt. After getting out of the plane with great _5_, he found nothing but high green hills _6_ the place. He lay there expecting to die.1. A. quick B. wonderful C. heavy D. sudden語境語境 2. A. ordered B. forbidden C. permitted D. obliged 詞匯詞匯 3. A. condition B. relation C. a

18、ction D. speed 詞匯詞匯 4. A. slightly B. seriously C. hardly D. luckily語境語境 5. A. pleasure B. attention C. difficulty D. achievement語境語境 6. A. covering B. wrapping C. holding D. surrounding語境語境 段落主旨段落主旨 考查綜合運(yùn)用英語知識(shí)能力的試題，其主考查綜合運(yùn)用英語知識(shí)能力的試題，其主要考查考生對(duì)要考查考生對(duì)上下文上下文的精細(xì)的的精細(xì)的理解理解和縝密和縝密地地邏輯判斷能力邏輯判斷能力。一般利用文中的首句。一般利

19、用文中的首句/末末尾句子，就能抓住文章的主旨文意并進(jìn)行尾句子，就能抓住文章的主旨文意并進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷，從而正確推斷出文合乎邏輯的推理判斷，從而正確推斷出文章的隱含的信息。章的隱含的信息?！镜淅镜淅?】I spent my childhood near the sea watching the ships, large and small, go in and out of the harbour. At the age of eighteen I _1_ home to take a job on a passenger _2_ that sailed between San Francisco and Yokohama. I was _3_ about my new adventure and a little afraid, too. For over a year, I _4_ the Pa