主謂一致語法

1、主謂一致 主謂一致，即句子的主語和謂語在數(shù)上要保持一致。它是中學(xué)英語重點語法內(nèi)容之一，也 是高考必考的語法點之一。下面我們從三方面來看看高考中有關(guān)主謂一致的一些高頻考點。A 單一主語的情況1、謂語用單數(shù)當(dāng)主語是不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)、單數(shù)代詞、不定式（短語 ）、動名詞 （短語 ）或從句等時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如：The work is important.To serve the country is our duty. 代詞 each 以及由 every 、some、no、any 等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語， 或主語中含有 each、 every 時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如：Each of the

2、students, working hard at his or her lessons, hopes to go to university.表示金錢、 時間、價格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時， 通常把這些名詞看作一個整體， 謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)，如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 當(dāng)主語是一本書、一條格言或一個學(xué)科時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，如： Mathematics is my favorite.2、“the +形容詞 /分詞 ”作主語時：指“一類 ”人或事物時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)，如：The poor

3、need help from the society.指“某一個 ”人或“抽象的 ”事物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如：The agreeable is not always the useful.B 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語的情況1當(dāng)主語是由 and 并列的兩個或兩個以上的部分組成時， 謂語動詞一般都用復(fù)數(shù)， 如： Reading and writing are very important. 如果當(dāng)主語雖然是由 and 并列的兩部分組成，但表示 的是一個單一的概念時，即指同一人或同一物時 （and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞 ）， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如：The iron and steel industr

4、y is very important.2、當(dāng)主語由 “either.or.或 “n”either.nor.連接時”，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致， 如：Either you or she is to go.3、 當(dāng)主語是由“not A, but B或” “not only A, but also B結(jié)構(gòu)組成時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于 B 的數(shù)，如：Not you but your brother is to blame.4、 當(dāng)主語后面接有由with、 together with、 like、 except、 including 、 but、 no less than、 as well as

5、等詞引起的短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與這些詞前面的主語的數(shù)保持一致，如：All but Jane know the secret.C其他情況 1、“One of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語從句 ”中，從句的謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，如： This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.但如果“one前有“this the、the only等詞修飾時，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞指代one,作從句主語時，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如：He was the only one of the boys who was praised.2、在 there be 句型

6、中，當(dāng)真正的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的那部分保持 一致，如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.3、如果句子是由 here、 there 引導(dǎo)，而主語不只由一個詞構(gòu)成，且表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時，謂 語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語一致，如：Here are two books for you.4、當(dāng)主語被 half of 、 part of、 most of、 a portion

7、 of 等修飾時，謂語動詞通常與 of 后面 的名詞、代詞保持一致，如：Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.5、 在這樣一些短語，女口 “many a” “more than one所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用 單數(shù)形式，如：Many a person has read the novel.但由“more than.of作主語時，動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致，如：More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.6、主語是 “a number of

8、許（ 多 ）/ a variety of （ 各式各樣 ） + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”時，謂語動詞常用復(fù) 數(shù)，如：A number of students in this class are （is） from Sichuan.There are a variety of toys in this shop.注意：“the numbe數(shù)目）/ the variety（種類）+ of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞前乍主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)， 如：The number of students in this college has doubled.The variety of goods in this shop is ri

9、ch.【真題演練】1. All the employees except the manager to work online at home. （2004 廣東 ）A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged2. No one in the department but Tom and I that the director is going to resign.（2004 上海春 ）A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know3. of the land in that

10、 district covered with trees and grass. （2000 全國 ）A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are4. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, visiting a museum when theearthquake struck. （2004 北京 ）A. was B. were C. had been D. would be5. The number of people invited

11、fifty, but a number of them absent fordifferent reasons. （1996 全國 ）A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were6. How are the team playing? They're playing well, but one of them hurt. （2002 北京春）A. got B. gets C. are D. were7. I told him what I was surprised his attitude towards his study.

12、 （2000 上海春 ）A. is Bwas C. at is Dat was8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary tired of having one examination after another.（2000 上海 ）A. is B. are C. am D. be9. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth sea.A. is B. are C. were D. have been10. His "Selected Poems" _ first published in 1965.A

13、. were B. was C. has been D. are【答案及解析】1-5 DACAC 6-10 ADBAB1. 句意：公司鼓勵除經(jīng)理之外的所有雇員在家網(wǎng)上辦公。分析：encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人做某事； 本句主語部分是 All the employees except the manager,謂語動詞的數(shù)同except前面的部分保持一致，用復(fù)數(shù)，同時主語和謂語動詞之間存在被動關(guān)系，選 D 。2. 句意：除了 Tom 和我,這個部門的人都不知道經(jīng)理準(zhǔn)備辭職。分析：當(dāng)but連接的成分作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)該根據(jù)but前面的部分來確定，本句主語是No one

14、，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。3. 句意：那個地區(qū)有五分之二的區(qū)域長滿了草和樹。分析： “分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)由分?jǐn)?shù)所修飾的名詞決定，本題中l(wèi)and 是真正的主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。注意分?jǐn)?shù)的表達方法。4. 句意：地震發(fā)生時，老師和她班上的 6 個女孩和 8個男孩正在參觀博物館。分析： with 、together with 、 rather than、as well as、 but 等結(jié)構(gòu)后接的不是真正的主語。 本句主語是the teacher，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。5. 句意：被邀請的人數(shù)是 50 個，但許多人因為各種原因缺席。分析： the number of 和 a number of 作主

15、語時，謂語動詞有所不同，前者用單數(shù)，后者 用復(fù)數(shù)。6. 句意： 球隊打得如何？ 他們打得不錯，不過一個隊員受傷了。分析：本題考查主謂一致和時態(tài)的用法。首先從主謂一致入手，one of them為單數(shù)主語，可以先排除C和D ;根據(jù)句意，有個人受傷了 ”，動作發(fā)生在過去，用一般過去時，選A。7. 句意：我告訴他說我對他的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度感到驚訝。分析：該句中 what 引導(dǎo)的從句整個作 told 的直接賓語，而這個賓語從句實際上是由陳 述句 I was surprised at his attitude towards his study 轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，what 指代 “his attitude towards his study。同時句中be surprised at為固定搭配，at不可省略；主句用一般過去時，從句也 相應(yīng)用過去時，選 D。8. 句意：不僅是我，Jane和Mary也厭倦了一個又一個的考試。分析： Not onl