形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級變化規(guī)則+練習題

1、形容詞（adj）和副詞（adv）1、形容詞：用來說明或修飾名詞、代詞的詞稱為形容詞。2、有關形容詞的用法辨析： interested與interesting的區(qū)別：interesting指人或東西“有趣的”,作定語或表語,而interested則表示人對別的事物“感興趣的”,只能作表語。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (這個人很有趣,孩子們都喜歡他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(這本書很有趣,你會真正獲得享受)

2、/ I am interested in science.(我對自然科學感興趣) good與well：表示“好”時,作定語或表語用good,作狀語用well；表示“(身體)好”時用well.如：Doing sports is good for us.(進行運動對我們有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好學習,天天向上) / -How are you?I am very well.(你好嗎？我很好。) too much與much too：too much表示“太多的”,修飾事物數(shù)量；much too表示“太過,過分”,修飾形容詞或副詞。如

3、：I am full because I have had too much rice.(我飽了,因為我吃了太多的米飯) / That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太貴了)lonely與alone：lonely是表示心理活動的形容詞,意思是：“孤獨的,寂寞的”,作定語或表語；alone的意思是：“獨自的,單獨的”,指無人陪伴,僅作表語,(作為副詞的alone可作狀語)。如：He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.(他一人獨住,但是并不感到孤獨)/ He is a lonely person. You can not easil

4、y get on well with him.(他是個孤獨的人,你要和他相處好實在不易) the poor(窮人們) / the rich(富人們)等用法：“the+形容詞”這一結構可以表示一類人物,復數(shù)含義。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我們應該盡力幫助窮人們) / The rich never know how the poor are living.(有錢人哪知窮人怎么過日子)3、副詞：用來說明事情發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、方式等含義或說明其它形容詞或副詞程度的詞叫做副詞。4、副詞的分類：(見下表)時 間 副 詞頻度副詞地點/方位副詞程度

5、副詞方式副詞疑問/連接副詞其他副詞today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how,too, also, yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so, then, early, late,always,anywhere, rather, quite,alone,when,as, on,off,once, soon, just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,tonight, long,often,in, i

6、nside, out, much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherago, later, ever sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly結尾關系副詞maybe,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as等,的副詞where,perhaps,first, someday,ever,wh

7、erevereven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everywhere,a little, a bitwhen,5、有關副詞的重要注釋： asas常構成一些詞組：as soon as(一旦就), as well as(同樣), as+形容詞/副詞+as possible(盡可能地)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(請你一到北京就給我寫信。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐盡快地趕到

8、了校門口。) 注釋 “as long / much as + 名詞”可以表示“長達/多達”的含義。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花費高達50萬元。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他們呆在山洞里長達兩周。) too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑問句的末尾,且用逗號隔開；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子謂語動詞之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗號隔開；nor(“也不”)用于倒裝句句

9、首；如：Are you American,too?(你也是美國人嗎？)/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。) / He didnt watch the football game. Nor did I.(他沒有看足球賽,我也沒有。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你還可以發(fā)覺那個市場很好。) sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有時)用于一般現(xiàn)在時、 sometime(在將來某時)用于將來

10、時、 some times(數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、some time(一些時間)表示一段時間。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他們有時徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here some time.(我會在這兒呆些時候的。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么時候要見見你的父親。) how、what用于感嘆句的用法：對句子中的形容詞或副詞感嘆時用how,對人或事物(可能含有形容詞作修飾語)進行感嘆用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天氣真好！

11、) / How difficult (the problem is)!(問題)真難呀！) already、yet的用法：在完成時中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句。如：Have you done it already?(你已經(jīng)做好了？) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我還沒有吃早飯呢。) hard與hardly的用法：hard作為副詞意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定詞,意思是：“幾乎不”,一般與情態(tài)動詞can/could連用。如：They study English very hard.(他們英語學得很刻苦)/

12、You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共場所你幾乎看不到一個人隨地吐痰) how 的幾個短語：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般時態(tài),對表示頻度的詞語進行提問； how soon“多久以后”,用于將來時態(tài)； how long“多久”,用于過去時、完成時或其他時態(tài)； how many times“多少次”,用于過去時或完成時,對總計次數(shù)進行提問； how much“多么,多少”,對程度進行提問,也可以對數(shù)量(不可數(shù))或金錢進行提問。如：How long have you been like this?(你這樣已經(jīng)多

13、久了？)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次臉？) too.to.與so.that.的問題：副詞too/so后面跟形容詞或副詞,to后面跟動詞,that后面跟從句。Too.to. (“太.以致不”)是否定的結構,用于簡單句；so.that.(“如此以致”)是肯定結構,用于復合句。如：The child is too young to join the army.(這孩子年齡太小還不能參軍)/ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.(他這么強壯,搬得動那個重箱子。) 既是形容詞也是副詞的單詞

14、有：early, late, long, last, next, first, near, enough, much, all, hard, alone, fast, slow, high, low, straight等等。如：It was a long holiday.(那是個長假)/ He stayed there very long.(他在那兒呆了好久)/ Think hard then you will find a way.(好好想你就會找到辦法)/ He is a very hard(難對付的) person.(他是個難玩的家伙)6：形容詞比較級最高級的變化規(guī)律：概述：大多數(shù)形容詞

15、和副詞有三個級：原級（即原形）、比較級和最高級。形容詞和副詞按變化可以分為規(guī)則形容詞詞和副詞和不規(guī)則形容詞詞和副詞規(guī)則I.形容詞詞和副詞的比較級和最高級變化規(guī)則如下：一所有單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)如何變比較級和最高級1 一般在詞末尾加er變比較級，加est變最高級 strong stronger -strongest small-smaller-smallest hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest2 如果以e結尾，只加r 和stnice-nicer-nicest fine-finer-finest 3 以重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有 一個輔音字母，須先雙寫這個輔音字母

16、，再加er和est sad-sadder- saddest big-bigger-biggest hot-hotter -hottest 4 以輔音字母加y結尾的詞，把y變成i，再加er和est， angry-angrier-angriest earlyearlier earliest hungry-hungrier-hungriest 但是，開放類副詞即形容詞加ly結尾變成的副詞加more或most.如quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietlyslowlymore slowlymost slowly注

17、：early中的ly不是后綴，故把y變i再加er和est二大部分雙音節(jié)和所有多音節(jié)詞都在其前面加more變比較級，加most變最高級 different -more different -most different beautiful-more beautiful-the most beautifulexpensive-more expensive-the most expensive但是，以形容前綴un結尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如unhappy,untidy，我們可以說：unhappierunhappiest, untidieruntidiest二、比較級和最高級的用法1“not

18、as (so) 原級 as” 表示“與不一樣”。They didn't pick so/as many apples as the farmers did. 他們摘的蘋果不如農民(摘的)多。2“比較級 than” 表示 “ 比更”。A modern train is much faster than a car. 現(xiàn)代的火車比轎車快多了。3“比較級 比較級” 表示“越來越”。The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越暖和了。4“the 比較級， the 比較級” 表示“越，越”。 The harder you try, the grea

19、ter your progress is. 你越是努力，進步就越大。5“the 最高級 比較范圍” 表示 “(三者或三者以上) 最”。The Changjiang River is the longest in China.長江是中國最長的河流。注意： 1形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞the, 但副詞最高級前可以加也可以不加。2much, a lot, even等可以用來修飾比較級。It is much colder today than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷多了。三，不規(guī)則形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級1_ careful you are, _mistakes youll make.

20、A. More; fewer B. The more; the lessC. More; less D. The less; the more2 Now telephones are very popular and they are much _ than before.A. cheap B. cheaperC. cheapest D. the cheapest3 Jimmy is very helpful. I stay with him, I like him.A. The more; the most B. The most; the mostC. The more; the more

21、 D. The most; the more4The more careful you are, _mistakes youll make.A. fewer B. lessC. the fewer D. the less5-What do you think of the dress?- Wonderful. I dont think I can find a _one.A. good B. betterC. bad D. worst6Beijing is bigger than _in Anhui.A. any cities B. any other cityC. the other cit

22、ies D. any city7The _ you drive, the _ you will be.A. more carful, safer B. most careful, safestC. more carefully, safer D. most carefully, safest8Hush! The baby is sleeping, please talk _than usual or you may wake him up.A. quiet B. quietlyC. most quiet D. more quietly9Hush! The baby is sleeping, p

23、lease talk _than usual or you may wake him up.A. quiet B. quietlyC. most quiet D. more quietly10Youre standing too near to the TV. Can you move a little _ ?-OK, Mum. Is it all right here?A. faster B. slowerC. farther D. nearer11 When you do your exam, please read every sentence carefully. _ you are,

24、 _ mistakes youll make.A. The more carefully, the fewer B. The more careful, the lessC. The more carefully, the less D. The more careful, the fewer12Suzhou is becoming these years.A. beautifuler and beautifulerB. more and more beautifulC. the most and most beautifulD. beautifulest13-Remember this, c

25、hildren. _careful you are,_mistakes you will make.-We know,Mr. Li.A. The more;the more B.The more; the lessC. The more; the fewer D. The less;the less14 Mr Li asks us to remember that _ careful we are, _ mistakes we will make.A. the more, the fewerB. the fewer, the moreC. the more, the moreD. the le

26、ss, the fewer15 Jim works _ than _ in his class.A. more hardly, any studentB. more hardly, any other studentC. harder, any other studentD. harder, the other student二、完形填空The Americans were getting ready to send their first man to the moon, an old Irishman (愛爾蘭人) was _ _ them on TV in a hotel room. There was an Englishman in the room_ . And he said to the Irishman, “The Americans are very _ _, arent they?