大學(xué)英語四級(jí)作文講解

1、大學(xué)英語四級(jí)大學(xué)英語四級(jí)寫作輔導(dǎo)寫作輔導(dǎo) Writing for CET4 提綱 1.大綱對(duì)四級(jí)作文的要求 2.四級(jí)評(píng)分原則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 3.四級(jí)作文?？碱}型 4.寫作對(duì)策 5.常用過渡詞語 6. 常用句型大綱對(duì)四級(jí)作文的要求大綱對(duì)四級(jí)作文的要求 要求應(yīng)試者在30分鐘內(nèi)寫出一篇不少于120個(gè)詞的短文寫作命題源于日常生活和有關(guān)科技、社會(huì)文化等方面的一般常識(shí)，不涉及知識(shí)面過廣、專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)的內(nèi)容。其命題方式有：給出題目、或規(guī)定情景、或給出段首句續(xù)寫、或給出關(guān)鍵詞寫短文、或看圖作文。要求內(nèi)容切題，文理通順，表達(dá)正確，語義連貫，無重大語言錯(cuò)誤。評(píng)分原則評(píng)分原則 1、檢查考生是否達(dá)到大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的四級(jí)教

2、學(xué)要求。 2、采用總體評(píng)分（Global Scoring)方法 閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分（reward scores),而不是按語言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。 3、 從內(nèi)容和語言兩方面對(duì)作文進(jìn)行綜合判斷。作文應(yīng)表達(dá)題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容。評(píng)分要考慮文章是否切題，是否清楚而合適地表達(dá)思想，語言錯(cuò)誤是否造成理解障礙。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（按百分制評(píng)判）評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（按百分制評(píng)判） 1、滿分15分 2、閱卷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分五等：2分，5分，8分，11分，14分 3、檔次評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 2分， 5分， 8分， 11分，14分2分一塌糊涂 條理不清，思想紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯(cuò)誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。 Nowdays, Social

3、appeared more more free Admissions to museums. its in order to people wasted money. In adition, rich in peoples life and increase more knowldeges But some people thought free Adimssions to museums have brought much problems. In hand, a plenty of people visited5分糊里糊涂 基本切題，表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差，有較多嚴(yán)重語言錯(cuò)誤。 In o

4、rder to enrich the culture of people, more and more musuems were provided free admissions. Somebody thought it would take some problems like that. The first, because of free admissions of Museums were attracted a large numbers of people who interested in all around the world. And those who take part

5、 in effected the traffic crowed around the museums, even though affected people who live in next to the museum life8分馬馬虎虎 基本切題。 有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強(qiáng)連貫；語言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，有一些是嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。 There is an interesting and attractive picture which goes like this: More and more museums are free for people. They want more people

6、go to museums. But some people argue that it make some trouble for free for people. The reason is the economy of the museums would be worse than before. Worst of all, it may take a mess for more people come to the museums. 11分清清楚楚 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯(cuò)誤 Now more and more museums are free without ch

7、arge to the public. Does that make any sense? Free admission to museums helps us save money, but it also encourages us to go to museums to learn something else and get more knowledge. This contributes to improve the living level of the public. It can certainly let us know more about our country and

8、the world, which has a good effect on our development. Every coin has two sides. It can also bring some problems. For example,14分漂漂亮亮 切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順、連貫，基本上無語言錯(cuò)誤。 ExampleFree Admission to Museums?越來越多的博物館現(xiàn)在免費(fèi)向公眾開放越來越多的博物館現(xiàn)在免費(fèi)向公眾開放,目的是目的是有人認(rèn)為這樣做會(huì)帶來一些問題有人認(rèn)為這樣做會(huì)帶來一些問題在我看來在我看來 Nowadays, more and more mus

9、eums are open to the public for free. Free admissions to museums will motivate peoples interests in history, arts and science. In this way, museums can provide people with easier access to knowledge, which is of vital importance for the whole nation. However, some people hold that free admissions to

10、 museums can bring about many problems. Since anybody can enter a museum without paying, the museum can be overcrowded and it will be a difficult job for museums to maintain their collections. Besides, museums will face financial problems since they cant make profits from the admission fee. Due to t

11、he decrease in profits, museums have less motivation to up-date their collections and out-of-date museums cant avoid the fate to close up in the long run. In my opinion, free admissions to museums are good for the public, but on the other hand they may pose problems to the museum management. Governm

12、ents should provide help to museums and guide them to serve the public better. 作文題型作文題型： 1）現(xiàn)象解釋型 這類作文多為圖表式作文，說明文體裁。這類命題要求考生對(duì)某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋，并加以評(píng)論。基本模式：第一段解釋現(xiàn)象；第二段解釋或闡述這種現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生或存在的原因；第三段提出建議或總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)。2）對(duì)比選擇型這類作文多為提綱式作文，議論文體裁。通常首先論述相反的兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，或分析評(píng)論某一社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。然后給出自己的見解和看法?；灸Ｊ剑旱谝欢握撌鲆恍┤藢?duì)某一事物或現(xiàn)象的看法，或某一事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；第二段論述另外一些人

13、對(duì)此的看法，或某一事物的缺點(diǎn)；第三段表明自己的觀點(diǎn) 3）問題解決型這類作文一般為提綱式作文，說明文體裁。通常首先提出一個(gè)有待解決的問題，然后要求考生就該問題提出解決方法、途徑，有時(shí)還要求考試最后談?wù)撨m合自己的方法。基本模式：第一段提出問題或闡述某件事情的重要性或意義；第二段列舉說明處理某事的方式或解決某個(gè)問題的途徑；第三段針對(duì)第二段所闡述的方法給予簡要的評(píng)論，也可以提出個(gè)人的建議或選擇，并闡述理由。此題型的寫作重點(diǎn)在How，即解決問題的辦法。4）觀點(diǎn)論證型這類作文多為提綱式作文，議論文體裁。通常是圍繞某一事物或觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證，有時(shí)以格言或諺語為議論對(duì)象，要求考試提供論據(jù)加以說明。在寫這類作文時(shí)，

14、尤其要注意的是，在表明自己的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，要清楚明白，不能含含糊 5）應(yīng)用文在四級(jí)考試中，出現(xiàn)頻率比較高的應(yīng)用文體有：個(gè)人簡歷、求職信、求學(xué)信、詢問信、推薦信、表揚(yáng)信、感謝信、投訴信、邀請信等。該文體的文章對(duì)格式的要求比較嚴(yán)格，常分三段來寫：開頭，正文，結(jié)尾。開頭：介紹寫信的原因，最近的情況。正文：寫信的具體內(nèi)容。結(jié)尾：期待盼望的話或再次提醒。寫作對(duì)策1、內(nèi)容要緊扣主題，涵蓋提示要點(diǎn) 要審準(zhǔn)題看清題目、提綱、圖畫、表 格，扣緊題目寫就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)大問題 注意：1.不要妄圖以情動(dòng)人； 2.不要妄圖在構(gòu)思上出奇制勝。 2.結(jié)構(gòu)上要層次清晰 結(jié)構(gòu)上牢記總分總：先寫主題句(Topic Sentence)，再寫分

15、論點(diǎn)，最后寫總結(jié)句(Conclusion)。 分段文章結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵 引言段擴(kuò)展段結(jié)尾段 引言段要包含中心句；擴(kuò)展段每段應(yīng)有主題；結(jié)尾段自然收尾 開頭空出相同字符數(shù)空格；題目不必重抄；段與段之間不必空行3. 語言上要表達(dá)流暢，無重大語病，句式有一定的變化。 1）避免重大的語言錯(cuò)誤。每完成一篇作文，應(yīng)從單詞拼寫、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)別、固定搭配、介詞用法等方面進(jìn)行檢查。 a.用不同的詞或詞組表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思，如： think, believe, hold, maintain, argue,etc. b. 根據(jù)意義和語法要求把有關(guān)單句組合起來 使句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上更加多樣化，既有短句， 又

16、有長句；適當(dāng)使用從句、倒裝句、非謂語動(dòng)詞、插入語等，從而使文章句子結(jié)構(gòu)稍微復(fù)雜而富于變化，從而增加語言的表現(xiàn)力和文章的感染力 2）注意遣詞、造句以及句式的變化多樣常用從句 Which引導(dǎo)的 非限定性定語從句 2、狀語從句 （結(jié)果、原因、時(shí)間、比較） Sothat; because/since; before/after, notuntil; while/whereas 3、名詞性從句（同位語從句、賓語從句）倒裝、非謂語動(dòng)詞和插入語的使用 1、 not onlybut also Only bycan Not untildo 2、分詞做狀語，動(dòng)名詞做主語或賓語 3、適當(dāng)插入一些副詞或介詞短語等 T

17、his measure, undoubtedly(in my opinion), will eliminate the waste of water. 聯(lián)句方法 要做到句子結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣化，必須掌握改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)形式的一些常用聯(lián)句方法?，F(xiàn)介紹如下： 1把兩個(gè)詞序和句型都一致的簡單句，用并列連接詞連成一句。 例一：He took difficult courses last term. He spent long hours studying. He took difficult courses last term and spent long hours studying. 例二：She was n

18、ot satisfied with her own achievement. She was not satisfied with the teams performance. She was not satisfied neither with her own achievement nor with the teams performance. 2. 將其中一句改成分詞短語，在句中作狀語。 例一：I was deeply touched by the scene. I couldnt keep back my tears. Deeply touched by the scene, I co

19、uldnt keep back my tears. 3.將其中一句改成“介詞+名詞”短語，在句中作狀語 例一：I need relaxation. I have worked a hard day in the factory. After (or: because of) a days hard work in the factory, I need relaxation. 4將其中一句改成改分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語。 例一：We have considered every thing. Shanghai is the most exciting city in China. Everyt

20、hing (being) considered, Shanghai is the most exciting city in China. (過去分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)用作狀語，表示結(jié)果，being可省略) 5將其中一句改成不定式短語或形容詞短語，在句中作狀語 例一：People hear you speak English. They may take you for an Englishman. To hear you speak English, people might take you for an Englishman. 例二：We must guarantee the basic need

21、s for people. We will produce more and better necessities of life for them. To guarantee the basic needs for people, we will produce more and better necessities of life for them. 6將其中一句改成定語從句 例一：Some people can not distinguish between colors. They are said to be color-blinded. Some people who can no

22、t distinguish between colors are said to be color-blinded. 例二：The boy has defeated many grown-ups at chess. He is only fifteen. The boys who is only fifteen has defeated many grown-ups at chess. 7將其中一句改成狀語從句 例一：Susan expected her research paper to receive a good grade. She had put many hours of writ

23、ing into it. Susan expected her research paper to receive a good grade, because she had put many hours of writing into it. 例二： Air traffic is closely controlled. Flying is relatively safe. If (或Because/As long as/Provided that) air traffic is closely controlled, flying is relatively safe. 4.卷面整潔，安排合

24、理 1.用筆的顏色用筆的顏色(深藍(lán)色使人心情放松愉快深藍(lán)色使人心情放松愉快) 2.粗細(xì)粗細(xì)(粗線條給人以安全感粗線條給人以安全感)， 3.整齊劃一的格式整齊劃一的格式(段首一律空兩個(gè)手指段首一律空兩個(gè)手指)， 4.明了的段落感明了的段落感(每段空一行每段空一行)， 5.清晰的字?jǐn)?shù)感清晰的字?jǐn)?shù)感(一行以一行以8-10字為宜字為宜)， 6.工整干凈的卷面（沒有黑粑粑，工整干凈的卷面（沒有黑粑粑， 涂改用短橫杠）涂改用短橫杠） 7.作文的排版應(yīng)該不多于作文的排版應(yīng)該不多于2/3，不少于，不少于1/3， 要留有余地，不要將卷面寫得密密麻麻。要留有余地，不要將卷面寫得密密麻麻。 英語四級(jí)作文中常用過渡語

25、表示列舉的方法 First of all/Above all, secondly, moreoverIn the first place, in the second place, furthermore/whats moreTo begin(start) with, secondly, in additionFor one thing, for another thing, for still another thing表示舉例說明的過渡語For example, for instance, for one thing, to illustrate, as an illustration,

26、a case in point, Lets take as an example. Take for example. is a typical example of is a typical/proper case in point.表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過渡語In addition, furthermore, moreover, besides, also, whats moreNot only, but also, similarly, Another is is another is also a factor. 表示對(duì)比對(duì)照的過渡語In contrast, by contrast, on t

27、he other hand,in comparison, on the contrary, unlike, like, contrary to, whereas, while, conversely, differ/vary greatly/vastly fromDifferent from 表示因果關(guān)系的過渡語Because of, on account of, due to, owing to, thanks to, for, because, since, as, for this reasonTherefore, so, as a result, consequently, in co

28、nsequence, accordingly, hence, thusThe reasons why/for are/lie in results in result from表示結(jié)論的過渡語To sum up, to conclude, to summarizeIn sum, in summary, in conclusion, in all, in a word, in short, in briefSo, therefore, thusWe can come to the conclusion that A conclusion can be reached that 表示轉(zhuǎn)折的過渡語T

29、hough, although, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, even thoughLets look at the other side of the coin.As everything has two sides, we should not neglect the other side of the coin.Just as there are two sides of a coin,. 歸納總結(jié)概括全文，得出結(jié)論 All in allIn a word As for me In my opinionPersonally, I think /

30、believeAs far as I am concerned 英語四級(jí)作文八種常用句型英語四級(jí)作文八種常用句型一.原因 1. A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem). 2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. 3. The factors that contribute to this situation include. 4. The change in .largely results f

31、rom the fact that. 5. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that . 6. Another contributing factor (cause ) is . 7. Perhaps the primary factor is that 8. But the fundamental cause is that 二.比較 1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of

32、B. 3.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. 4.Like anything else, it has its faults. 5.A and B have several points in common. 6. A and B differ in several ways. 7. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 8. People used to think ., but things are different now. 三

33、.批駁 1)It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out. 2) Some people say ., but it does not hold water. 3) Many of us have been under the illusion that. 4) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. 5) It makes no sense to argue for . 6) Too much stress placed on . m

34、ay lead to . 7) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that . 8) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that .四.后果 1. It may give rise to a host of problems. 2. The immediate result it produces is . 3. It will exercise a profound influence upon. 4. Its consequence can be so great that. 五.舉例 1) A good case in point is . 2) As an illustration, we may take . 3) Such examples might be given easily. 4) .is often cited as an example. 六.證明 1) No one can deny the fact that . 2) The idea is hard