談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)中的形容詞作狀語(yǔ)

1、談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)中的形容詞作狀語(yǔ) 談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)中的形容詞作狀語(yǔ)【摘 要】  形容詞作狀語(yǔ)具有雙重特點(diǎn)，既要說(shuō)明其邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，又要說(shuō)明句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、強(qiáng)調(diào)或伴隨狀況等意義；形容詞作狀語(yǔ)，就結(jié)構(gòu)模式來(lái)說(shuō)，分為不帶從屬連詞和帶有從屬連詞兩種?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】 形容詞   結(jié)構(gòu)模式  語(yǔ)法功能   邏輯主語(yǔ) 形容詞作狀語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是一種省略結(jié)構(gòu)。形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)既沒(méi)有限定動(dòng)詞詞組也沒(méi)有非限定動(dòng)詞詞組作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。因此，它既不同于限定分句，也不同于非限定分句?；旧蠈儆赟VO（主-動(dòng)-補(bǔ)）句型，只是動(dòng)詞不表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，主

2、語(yǔ)也通常不表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。形容詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用逗號(hào)將其與句子的其余部分分開(kāi)。位置也相對(duì)靈活，可位于句首、句末或句中。本文從形容詞作狀語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)模式、句法功能、語(yǔ)義特征等方面做一些簡(jiǎn)單探討。一、    形容詞作狀語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)模式形容詞作狀語(yǔ)，就結(jié)構(gòu)模式來(lái)說(shuō)，分為不帶從屬連詞和帶有從屬連詞兩種。1.不帶從屬連詞結(jié)構(gòu)（1）單個(gè)形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)Curious，we look around for other guests.由于好奇，我們向四面看看還有什么別的客人。The hours passed fitfully ,as I lay awake thinking and praying.

3、時(shí)間過(guò)得斷斷續(xù)續(xù)，那晚我時(shí)醒時(shí)睡，當(dāng)我醒著時(shí)就思考和祈禱。（2）并列形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)She was an elderly woman, sensible and trustworthy.她是一個(gè)明智的、值得信賴(lài)的婦女。Large or small, all countries are equal.國(guó)家無(wú)論大小都應(yīng)一律平等。Finally, tired but happy, they took the bus back to school.最后，他們疲憊而又高興地坐車(chē)回到了學(xué)校。（3）形容詞詞組作狀語(yǔ)  Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take

4、the easy road.他們由于怕困難，寧愿走容易的道路。Unable to find words to express themselves, they silently grasped our hands.由于找不到話來(lái)表達(dá)自己的感情，他們緊緊握住我們的手。Glad that school was finished, the students ran out of the room.一放學(xué)，學(xué)生都高興地沖出了教室。Pulling off my apron, I rushed to the hospital, heedless of the cold and snow.我解下圍裙，朝醫(yī)院

5、奔去，沒(méi)有感覺(jué)到天氣的寒冷和下著雪。2.帶有從屬連詞結(jié)構(gòu)（1）She  spares no detail, whether good or bad, and honestly depicts the kind of life lived by many Chinese in the last half century.事情無(wú)論好壞，她均記述詳盡，她忠實(shí)地寫(xiě)出來(lái)許多中國(guó)人在半個(gè)世紀(jì)中的生活。（2）Although always helpful, he was not much liked by people.雖然他老師幫助別人，還是得不到人們的喜歡。（3）Though not nece

6、ssary, he came here last night.盡管沒(méi)有必要，昨晚他還是來(lái)了。二、形容詞作狀語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法功能形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)可作狀語(yǔ)，形容詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以看作是“being+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的省略，可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、強(qiáng)調(diào)或伴隨狀況等意義。例如：1.表示時(shí)間（1）Ripe，these apples are sweet.這種蘋(píng)果孰了時(shí)是很甜的。 （2）Enthusiastic，they are co-operative.熱心的時(shí)候他們是很合作的。2.表示原因（1）Afraid of being late, she got up at four oclock in th

7、e morning.她害怕遲到，早上四點(diǎn)鐘就起床了。（2）Anxious for quick decision, they met three times a day.他們急于迅速作出決定，一天碰了三次頭。（3）Cold and hungry, he stopped working and went home. 他又冷又餓，放下工作就回家了。3.表示條件（1）Angry with her husband, she would complain all day.一旦生丈夫的氣，她就會(huì)抱怨一天。（2）Alone，he would have been terrified.如果單獨(dú)一個(gè)人，他是會(huì)感到害

8、怕。4.表示讓步（1）Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是窮人還是富人，不管是年輕人還是老人，我們都有問(wèn)題。（2）Well or sick, calm or worried, she is always restrained in herexpression_r_r.不管是健康還是生病，平靜還是激動(dòng)，他總是控制著他的表情。5.表示方式（1）He went home happy.他高高興興地回家了。（2）Alice tiptoed to the bed, careful not to wake the baby.愛(ài)麗絲小心翼翼地

9、走到床前，以免吵醒孩子。6.表示結(jié)果（1）As he looked at, the goat rolled over, dead.當(dāng)他看著山羊的時(shí)候，山羊翻了個(gè)身，死了。（2）He fought hard, unable to get out.他努力掙扎，最終還是沒(méi)有出來(lái)。7.表示伴隨（1）Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.他們樂(lè)觀、能干、熱情，總是想方設(shè)法使你一路上順利舒服。（2）Breathless, she re

10、fused in through the back door.他氣喘吁吁地從后門(mén)沖了進(jìn)來(lái)。8.表示強(qiáng)調(diào)（1）John is big and busy.約翰非常忙。（2）The building is fine and tall.這座建筑非常高達(dá)。三、形容詞作狀語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)義特征形容詞作狀語(yǔ)具有雙重特點(diǎn)，既要說(shuō)明其邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，又要說(shuō)明句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。形容詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的邏輯主語(yǔ)的形式一般有三種情況：1.  句子主語(yǔ)作形容詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。例如：（1）Breathless, she bounded in through the gate. (She was breathless and s

11、he breathlessly bounded in though the gate.) 他氣喘吁吁地從大門(mén)奔進(jìn)來(lái)。（2）She slept the whole day, sad and tired. (She was sad and tired and she slept the whole day because she was sad and tired.)因?yàn)樗喈?dāng)疲勞，就睡了整整一天。（3）Eighty years old, she is still very active. (She is eighty years old and she is still very active

12、though she is eighty years old.)她雖然八十高齡，但身體仍然相當(dāng)健旺。2.句子作形容詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)有些形容詞如strange, funny, curious, odd, important, surprising, remarkable等作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示的是評(píng)注性的說(shuō)明，是說(shuō)話者的某種看法，前面可以加more或most，經(jīng)常可以轉(zhuǎn)化為It that句型。例如：(1)Worse, Baltons health deteriorated further. (=Baltons  health deteriorated further was worse.或It is worse tha