新概念英語(yǔ)-第2冊(cè)-第4課-Lesson-4

1、.NCE-2New Concept EnglishLesson 4An exciting trip.I.Key words exciting, receive, firm, differentII.Key structures The present perfect simple現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) key points .Revision 寄，送明信片損壞博物館公共的友好的服務(wù)員借給決定整個(gè)的唯一的sendpostcardspoilspoilt/spoiledmuseumpublicfriendlywaiterlenddecisionwholesingle. Postcards always _ my

2、 holidays. Last summer, I went to _. I _ museums and sat in _ gardens. A _ waiter taught me a few words of _. Then he _ me a book. I read a _ lines, but I did not _ a word. Every day I _ _ my postcards. My holidays passed _, but I did not _ cards to my friends. _ the last day I _ a big _. I got up _

3、 and _ thirty-seven cards. I _ the _ day in my room, _ I did not write a _ card!spoilItalyvisitedpublicfriendlyItalianlentfewunderstandthoughtaboutquicklysendOnmadedecisionearlyboughtspentwholebutsingleRevision .New wordsexcitingadj. 令人興奮的（修飾事物）excited 感到興奮的（修飾人）-ed自己感到 interested, bored, relaxed-in

4、g令人感到interesting,boring,relaxinge.g. I am interested in this book. This is an interesting book.v.接受，收到（客觀的收到）e.g. receive a letter (from sb.)This morning I receive a bunch of flowers.同義 accept同意，接受（主觀）e.g. This morning I received a bunch of flowers but I didnt accept it.receivetake接受，收到e.g. take the

5、 exam, take adviceNew words.New wordsfirmn.商行，公司 law firm法律公司company公司 differentadj.不同的 same相同的adv.differently, n. differencee.g. be different from differences between A&B.New wordscentren.中心，中央（美式center）adj. central中央的，中心的e.g.in the centre (of spl), central park, the city centreabroadadv. 在國(guó)外e.

6、g. go abroad, study abroad live abroad, be abroad.Q: What can you see in the picture? Lead inQ: What happened to the man? Can you guess?.1. How long has Tim been in Australia?Listen and answer the question.New LessonTim has been in Australia for six months.2. What does he do in Australia?He is worki

7、ng for a big firm as an engineer.3. Why is Tim finding the trip exciting?Because Tim has never been abroad before. This is his first trip abroad.New Lesson An exciting tripI have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He

8、 is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been a

9、broad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.Language points1. I have just received a letter from my brother.收到某人來信2.He is working for a big firm.get a letter from sb.have a letter from sb.hear from sb.在上班、任職,還可以用work at/ine.g.My father works for a business company.3. he has already visite

10、d a great number of different places in Australia. a number of+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，number前一般可用large, great, small等形容詞強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量大小。a great many of + 可數(shù)名詞a great amount of + 不可數(shù)名詞.Language points4. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs.He has gone to the south.(還在)He has been to the south.(

11、去過)5. He is finding this trip very exciting.find+n+adj.覺得怎么樣e.g.I find the film disppointing. Do you find the book very interesting?.Summary writingAnswer these questions in not more than 50 words. What has the writer just received from his brother?2. Is Tim an engineer, or is he a doctor?3. How lon

12、g has he been in Australia?4. Has he already visited many places or not?5. Where is he now?6. Has Tim ever been abroad before or not?7. Is he enjoying his trip very much or not?.Summary writing The writer has just received a letter from his brother, Tim. Tim is an engineer. He has been in Australia

13、for six months. He has already visited many places. Now he is in Alice Springs. Tim has never been abroad before. He is enjoying his trip very much.現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)WinterWinter has has alreadyalready comecome. .Grammar.現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式 have done has助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞過去過去分詞分詞Grammar.用來表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)用來

14、表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系在有聯(lián)系: 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在影響現(xiàn)在還存在。 They have left. -他們已經(jīng)離開了他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里 I have had my lunch. -我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成完成時(shí)的含義時(shí)的含義也可表示也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 He has learned English since 2001. -從從2001年開始學(xué)的年開始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在

15、繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢.nowpastfuture一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過去發(fā)生的事情一般過去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過去發(fā)生的事情現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或者發(fā)生在過去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響Grammar. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較 1）一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的為過去發(fā)生的

16、，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。）（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。）I have seen this film. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）.2一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用或無時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。通常與模糊時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用或無時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week，ago, in1990

17、, in October, just now, - 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過去時(shí)錯(cuò)錯(cuò)Tom has written a letter

18、 to his parents last night.對(duì)對(duì)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.Grammar.3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的般是延續(xù)性的,如如live,teach,learn,work,study, know. 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。等。She joined the League three year

19、s ago.(加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的)She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago).(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))Grammar.延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示一段不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。比較延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞

20、比較延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞 He has finished the work.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果表結(jié)果)Ive known him since then.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。了。(表經(jīng)歷表經(jīng)歷)Grammar.since 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間 “自從自從”for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 “長(zhǎng)達(dá)長(zhǎng)達(dá)”I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a

21、company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.比較比較since和和for并非有并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)I have worked here for many years. (現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作?，F(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)Grammar.He has gone to Shanghai.他他(已經(jīng)已經(jīng))去上海了。去上海了。He h

22、as been to Shanghai.他他(曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)) 去過上海。去過上海。比較比較 have/has been to , have/has gone toGrammar.He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike for a month.4. He

23、 arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago

24、. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 延續(xù)性延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞和瞬間性瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化Exercise.sum up一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1)構(gòu)成肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過去分詞+其它否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has not+過去分詞+其它疑問句：Have