高中英語中譯英練習(xí)五種基本句型附答案

1、.基本句型 漢譯英練習(xí) 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（一） 說明： 此結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+謂語+賓語夠成。其中的謂語動詞須是及物的動詞或及物的動詞詞組。賓語須是名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的成分。 翻譯練習(xí)： 昨晚我寫了一封信。 今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?這本書他讀過多次了。 他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 你們必須在兩周內(nèi)看完這些書。 那位先生能流利地說三種語言。 我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。 Jim 還不會自己穿衣服。 我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)誠實(shí)男孩。 他不知道說什麼好。 他每天早晨洗冷水澡。 我開窗戶你在意嗎. 參考答案： 1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.I want to talk w

2、ith you this afternoon. 3.He has read this book many times. 4.They have carried out the plan successfully. 5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently. 7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia. 8.Jim cannot dress himself. 9.All

3、 of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.10.He did not know what to say.11.He takes a cold bath every morning.12.Do you mind my opening the window" 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（二）說明： 此結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語動詞常常是動詞詞組,分兩種情況:1.及物動詞+副詞，2.不及物動詞+介詞。1.含有away, out, forward, up 等副詞的動詞詞組是可拆分的。如，They carried out the plan successfully.我們還可以說，

4、They carried the plan out successfully. 但我們只能說 As the plan was practical, they carried it out successfully.動副詞組都可以這樣用，如，point out（指出）, carry out（執(zhí)行）, put forward（提出）, work out（做出，算出）, find out（找出）, give up（放棄）, give away（贈送，分發(fā)）,pick up（揀起）, put up（掛上）, 等。 2. 而含有介詞 at, for, from, into, of, with, to 等

5、的動介詞組是不可拆分的。如，look after（照顧）, look at（瞧）, look for（尋找）, belong to（屬于）, refer to（參考，提及）, think of（考慮，評價(jià)）, send for（派人去請）, care for（喜歡）,suffer from（受之苦）, deal with(對付，應(yīng)付), object to（反對）, pay for（付的錢）,等。即我們只能說think of it,不能說think it of.in 在動詞詞組中用作副詞，表示“在里面”，“往里進(jìn)”，“在家”等意思。如，get in(收割),hand in（提交，交進(jìn)）。用作介

6、詞，表示“在地點(diǎn)”， “在范圍”， “在方面”。 如，persist in(堅(jiān)持)，succeed in (在成功)。Off在動詞詞組中 用作副詞，表示“關(guān)閉”，“隔離，離開”，“去掉”，等意思。如，turn off（關(guān)掉）, switch off（關(guān)掉）, ring off（掛斷電話）, keep off（遠(yuǎn)離）, take off(脫掉）, kick off（踢脫）, carry off（運(yùn)走）, put off（推遲）, pay off（付清）,give off（放出).用作介詞，表示“從下來”。如，get off（下車）, fall off（從掉下來）.On 在動詞詞組中用作副詞，表示

7、“開”，“走開”，“傳遞”，“穿戴”。 如，turn on(開),move on（走開）, pass on（傳遞）, put on（穿上）, have on（穿著）.用作介詞，表示“在上”，“在方面”。 如，work on（從事于）, operate on（在上動手術(shù)）, agree on（同意）。表示“上車，上船，上”, 如,get on（上車，上船）,ride on（騎上）。 表示“依靠”，“以為基礎(chǔ)”， “按照”， 如，depend on（依靠）,base on（以為基礎(chǔ)）, feed on（以為食）, live on（以為生計(jì)）.Over在動詞詞組中用作副詞，表示“翻轉(zhuǎn)”，“翻倒”，如

8、， turn over（打翻，翻倒）,push over（推倒）. 表示“過一遍”，“仔細(xì)”，“遍及”，如，think over（仔細(xì)考慮）,look over（仔細(xì)查看，研究）.用作介詞，表示“從上越過”，如，fly over（從上飛過）, jump over（從上跳過）.go over(越過，橫過)。 表示“為了”，“由于”，如，quarrel over（為爭吵）,cry over（因哭泣）. 表示“查看”，“復(fù)習(xí)”，“檢查”，如，go over（檢查，復(fù)習(xí)）.附：許多由及物動詞+名詞+介詞構(gòu)成的三詞動詞詞組也要跟賓語，如：pay attention to（注意）, catch hold

9、of（抓住，握?。? catch sight of（看見，發(fā)現(xiàn)）,do harm to（對有害）, get rid of（排除，除去）, make fun of（取笑，嘲笑）,put (ones) heart into（專心于）, say hello to（打招呼）, sing praise for（贊揚(yáng)，表揚(yáng)）,take care of（照顧）, take part in（參加）, take pride in（以自豪，驕傲）。 翻譯練習(xí)：我不信任那個(gè)人。 他指出了我的作文中的錯誤。 圣誕節(jié)我們將去看望外籍教師。 你們必須在課后把練習(xí)本交上來。 五分鐘內(nèi)我們是不可能解出這道題來的。 他們高度贊

10、揚(yáng)了英雄的業(yè)跡。 這位護(hù)士會好好照顧你父親的。 你在工作中可依靠他。 沸騰的水散發(fā)水蒸汽。 寫完作文后，我們必須把它從頭到尾看一遍。 脫掉你的外套，走前再穿。 人們會把她找出來的。 我們必須派人去請醫(yī)生 參考答案：I dont believe in(介) that man. He pointed out（副） the mistakes in my composition. On Christmas Day, we will call on（介）our foreign teachers. You must hand in（副） your exercise-books after class. W

11、e cannot work out（副） the problem in five minutes. They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero. The nurse will take good care of your father. You can depend on（介） him in your work. Boiling water gives off（副） steam. After writing a composition, we must go over（介）it. Take off your coat and put it o

12、n（副） before you leave. People will find her out（副）. We must send for（介） a doctor. 基本句型 漢譯英練習(xí) 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 說明：此結(jié)構(gòu)由主語+及物謂語動詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）組成。如，He brings me cookies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress

13、for me.用to側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動詞有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。（需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。 翻譯練習(xí)： 1. Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。 2. 奶奶昨晚給我們講

14、了一個(gè)有趣的故事。 3. Mary把錢包交給校長了。 4. 請把那本字典遞給我好嗎. 5. 他把車票給列車員看。 6. 這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫過三封信了。 7. 我父親已經(jīng)給我買了一輛新自行車。 8. Robinson Crusoe 給自己做了一只小船。 9. 請你給我弄一本新的，好嗎.10. 我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎.11. 新式機(jī)器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。 參考答案： Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Mary handed the wallet to

15、the schoolmaster. Would you please pass me the dictionary" He showed the ticket to the conductor. This term I have written three letters to my parents. My father has bought me a new bike. Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat. Will you please get me a new copy" Shall I call you a taxi"

16、The new machine will save you a lot of labour. 基本句型 漢譯英練習(xí) 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 說明: 此結(jié)構(gòu)由主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語有邏輯的主謂關(guān)系，若無賓語補(bǔ)足語，則句意不完整?？梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有，名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞。如， The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.用 it 做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面，是英語常用句型。即 主語 + 謂語 + it + 賓補(bǔ) + 真正賓語。如，I

17、found it very pleasant to be with your family. 翻譯練習(xí)我們叫她Alice. 他的父母給他取名為John. 我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠實(shí)的。 他們把門推開了。 他們把小偷釋放了。 我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。 他請我們參加做游戲。 我要你把真相告訴我。 衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 明天我要找人來修理機(jī)器。 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 痛苦使得他叫喊起來。 我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。 他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)。 我要請人把我的錄音機(jī)修理一下。 那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了 她正在聽人家講故事。 男孩子們都在看士兵們操練。 我從來沒看見這個(gè)字這樣用過。 他感到很難跟你

18、交談。 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 我認(rèn)為有可能用另一種方法解題。 學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。 我認(rèn)為與那個(gè)人談話是無益的。 參考答案We call her Alice. His parents named him John. All of us considered him honest. They pushed the door open. They have set the thief free. We will make our school more beautiful. He asked us to join in the game. I want you to tel

19、l me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. The pain made him cry out. We wont let her go out at night. He has his hair cut once a month. Ill get my recorder mended. The terrible sound made the ch

20、ildren frightened. She is listening to someone telling stories. The boys were watching the soldiers drilling. I have never seen the word used that way before. He felt it very difficult to talk with you. I think it more comfortable to go there by ship. I consider it possible to work out the problem i

21、n another way. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. I thought it no use talking with that man. 基本句型 漢譯英練習(xí) There be 句型 說明： 此句型是由 there + be + 主語 + 狀語 構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)存在有，一種無主語的有。 它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實(shí)際語。Be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如， 現(xiàn)在有 there is/

22、are 過去有 there was/were 將來有 there will be/there is /are going to be.現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been.過去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 此句型有時(shí)不用be動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain,

23、 exist, arrive,等。 翻譯練習(xí)： 今晚沒有會。 這個(gè)村子過去只有一口井。 這個(gè)學(xué)校有一名音樂老師和一名美術(shù)老師。 客人當(dāng)中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。 天氣預(yù)報(bào)說下午有大風(fēng)。 燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的。 恰好那時(shí)房里沒人。 從前，在海邊的一個(gè)村子里住著一位老漁夫。 公共汽車來了。 就只剩下二十八美元了。 在這個(gè)山洞前面長著一棵高大的松樹。 鈴響了。 二月份有二十八天。 參考答案： There isnt going to be a meeting tonight. There was only a well in the village. There is

24、 (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. The light is on. There must be someone ion the office. There used to be a cinema here before the war. There happen

25、ed to be nobody in the room. Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. There comes the bus. There remained just twenty-eight dollars. In front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree. There goes the bell. There are twenty-eight days in February. Oh.Look, I told you he was

26、 here.Look at him! Quiet. Look at him.Good morning, sleepyhead.Good morning!We love your kitty!Oh. My head.Here, I fetched a pail of water.Thanks.Uhh!Aahh!Oh.A cute button nose" Thick, wavy locks" Taut, round buttocks" I'm. I'm.Gorgeous!I'll say.I'm Jill. What's yo

27、ur name"Um. Shrek.Shrek" Wow. Are you from Europe"You're tense.I want to rub his shoulders.I got it covered.I don't have anything to rub.Get in line.Get in line.Have you seen my donkey"Who are you calling donkey"Donkey" You're a.A stallion, baby!I can whinny

28、. I can count.Look at me, Shrek!I'm trotting!That's some quality potion.What's in that stuff""Oh, don't take the potion, Mr. Boss, it's very bad."Pah!"Warning: Side effects may include burning, itching, oozing, weeping."Not intended for heart patients or

29、those with. nervous disorders."I'm trotting, I'm trotting in place! Yeah!What"Senor" "To make the effects of this potion permanent, the drinker must obtain his true love's kiss by midnight."Midnight"Why is it always midnight"Pick me! I'll be your tr

30、ue love!I'll be your true love.I'll be true. enough.Look, ladies, I already have a true love.Oh.And take it from me, Boss.You are going to have one satisfied Princess.And let's face it.You are a lot easier on the eyes.Inside you're the same old mean, salty.Easy.cantankerous, foul, an

31、gry ogre you always been.And you're still the same annoying donkey.Yeah.Well.Look out, Princess. Here comes the new me.First things first.We need to get you out of those clothes.Ready"Ready!Driver, stop!Oh, God! Help me, please!My racing days are over!I'm blind! Tell the truth.Will I ev

32、er play the violin again"You poor creature!Is there anything I can do for you"Well, I guess there is one thing.Take off the powdered wigand step away from your drawers.Not bad.Not bad at all.Father"Is everything all right, Father"Thank you, gentlemen!Someday, I will repay you.Unl

33、ess, of course, I can't find you or if I forget. IIf someone asks you how you can make you always 1. _happy, you will perhaps find rather difficult to give him 2. _a proper answer. Did you remember the old saying “No 3. _human being can really happy who is not giving or trying 4. _to give happin

34、ess to others ” " If you will always think of 5. _taking more from others and give them less, you wont be 6. _able to have happiness in your life even you are very rich. 7. _Heres an article for you. If each of you follow it, there 8. _will be an end to many unhappy days of yours. So you should 9. _learn to give up your own interests when necessarily to do so. 10. _IIWhen my father bought me a computer as a birthday gift for 1. _me in last year, I felt very exited. As we all know, computers 2. _are getting more and more usefully now.