同等學(xué)力英語(yǔ)備考閱讀理解(含答案).

1、Passage 1Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction.Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work.Today's corporation hire human engineering specialists and spend a considerable amount of time and money to make

2、sure that the physical environments of buildings are fit to the activities of their inhabitants.Similarly, college classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.We are already in the twenty-first century ， but step into almost any college classroom and you step ba

3、ck in time at least a hundred years.Desks are normally in straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates.This assumption behind such an arrangement is obviou：s Everything of importance comes from the teacher.With a little imagination and effort ， unless desks are

4、 fixed to the floor， the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourages interchange among students.In small or standardized classe，s chairs，desks， and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways：circles， U-shapes， or semicircles.The primary goal should be for everyone to be able

5、 to see everyone else.Larger classe，s particular those held in lecture halls， unfortunately， allow much less flexibility.Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises.Small classes with movable desks and tables

6、present no problem.Even in large lecture halls， it is possible for students to turn around and form group of four to six.Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other，think out loud ，and see how other students ' thinking processes oep-e-r

7、aallt essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.In courses that regularly use a small group forma，t students might be asked to stay in the same small groups throughout the course.A colleague of mine allows students to move around during the first two weeks， until they find a gr

8、oup they are comfortable with.He then asks them to stay in the same sea，t with the same group， from that time on.This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students names and faces.1. According to the passage， proper arrangement of physical environment in a compa

9、ny .A. can improve working conditionsB. leads to an friendly atmosphereC. can promote working efficiencyD. produce an energetic team leader2. Desks in straight rows in a traditional classroom imply .A. the importance of facial expressionsB. group work is not welcome in classC. strict rules that must

10、 be abided byD. the absolute authority of teachers3. The most important goal of classroom arrangement is to .A. create more chances of interaction among studentsB. increase more speaking practices among studentsC. make it possible for teachers to judge how well students have learnedD. improve the re

11、lationship between students and teachers4. By dividing students into small groups， teachers .A. find it easier to handle the in-class teachingB. can participate in group work convenientlyC. help develop students ' abilities in critical thinkingD. reinforce students ' ability in cooperation a

12、nd communication5. It can be inferred that the author .A. criticizes the importance of teachers in classB. stresses the importance of interaction among studentsC. is reluctant to teach in a classroom in the 21st centuryD. is eager to reform the desk arrangements in his collegePassage 4s historyMater

13、ial culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, used-what a culture produces. Examining a culture' s tools and technology can tell us about the groupof life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material cu

14、lture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have

15、two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Ea

16、stern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research

17、shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has

18、a far-reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole.One more important part of music' s material culture should be soinugt:lethdeinfluence of the electronic media-radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promi

19、sing talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affected musi

20、c cultures all over the globe.6. Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because _A. it helps produce new cultural tools and technologyB. it can reflect the development of the nationC. it helps understand the nation' s past and presentD. it can demonstrate the natio

21、n' s civilization7. It can be learned from this passage that A. the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese musicB. Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony OrchestraC. the development of the symphony sho

22、ws the mutual influence of Eastern and Western musicD. the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music8. According to the author, music notation is important because _A. it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to

23、 read itB. it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musiciansC. it is the printed version of standardized folk musicD. it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs9. It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of mus

24、ic _A. has brought about an information revolutionB. has speeded up the appearance of a new generation of computersC. has given rise to new forms of music cultureD. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments10. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage

25、?A. Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.B. Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.C. Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.D. The development of music culture is highly dependen

26、t on its material aspect.Passage 5You' re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let' sassume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn't it temptingt atoliltitelej,utso claim on the form that

27、yourdiploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous s

28、chools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university.Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel office

29、rs do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them "impostors （騙子）" another refers to them as "special cases". One well-known West

30、Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by "no such people". To avoid outright （ 徹底的 ） lies, some job-seekers claim that they "attended" or "were associated with" a college or university. After carefully checking, a pers

31、onnel officer may discover that "attending" means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practic

32、e dates back at least to the turn of the century-t-hat ' s wheneythbegan keeping records, anyhow. If you don't want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companiesthat will sell you a phony diploma.One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a dip

33、loma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State University". The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue". As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly cal

34、led Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.11. The main idea of this passage is that A. employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB. lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC. college degrees can now be purchased easilyD. employers are no

35、longer interested in college degrees12. According to the passage, "special eases" refers to cases that _A. students attend a school only part-timeB. students never attended a school they listed on their applicationC. students purchase false degrees from commercial firmsD. students attended

36、 a famous school13. We can infer from the passage that _A. performance is a better judge of ability than a college degreeB. experience is the best teacherC. past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD. a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage ov

37、er others in job competition14. This passage implies that _A. buying a false degree is not moralB. personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC. most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD. society should be greatly responsible for lying on applicatio

38、ns15. The word "phony" (Line 13, Para. 2) means _A. thorough C. false B. ultimate D. decisivePassage 6Nobody actually wants to cause offence but， as business becomes ever more international ，it is increasingly easy to get it wrong. There may be a single European market but it does not mean

39、 that managers behave the same in Greece as they do in Denmark.In many European countries handshaking is an automatic gesture.In France good manners require that on arriving at a business meeting a man should shake hands with everyone present. This can be a demanding task an，d in a crowded room， may

40、 require gymnastic(體育的)ability if the farthest hand is to be reached. Handshaking is almost as popular in some other countries， but Northern Europeans，such as the British and Scandinavians，are not quite so fond of physical demonstrations of friendliness.In Europe the most common challenge is not the

41、 content of the food，but the way you behave as you eat. Some things are just not done.In France it is not good manners to raise tricky questions of business over the main course.Business has its plac：eafter the cheese course. Unless you are prepared to eat in silence you have to talk about something

42、-something，that is，other than the business deal which you are continually chewing over in your head.In Germany，as you walk sadly back to your hotel room，you may wonder why your apparently friendly hosts have not invited you out for the evening. Don't worry，it is probably nothing personal. German

43、s do not entertain business people with quite the same enthusiasm as some of their European counterparts.The Germans are also notable for the amount of formality they bring to business. As an outsider，it is often difficult to know whether colleagues have been working together for 30 years or have ju

44、st met in the lift. If you are used to calling people by their first names this can be a little strange. To the German，s titles are important. Forgetting that someone should be called Herr Doktor or Frau Direktorin might cause serious offence. It is equally offensive to call them by a title they do

45、not possess.In Italy the question of title is further confused by the fact that everyone with a university degree can be called Doctor-and engineers， lawyers and architects may also expect to be called by their professional titles.These cultural challenges exist side by side with the problems of doing business in a foreign language. Language， of course， is full of difficulties- disaster ' may be only a syllable away.But the more you know of the culture of the country you are dea