外研版高一上學(xué)期英語語法講解非謂語動詞無答案

1、.非謂語動詞所謂非謂語動詞，顧名思義也就是不能單獨用作謂語的動詞但與助動詞結(jié)合可構(gòu)成“進(jìn)展時態(tài)、系表構(gòu)造、完成時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)等謂語形式，非謂語動詞在英語句子構(gòu)造中用法非常廣泛、靈敏，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)語、定語、狀語等。如今筆者向同學(xué)們作分類介紹：動詞不定式一、 不定式作主語1. 一般置于句首：To see one time is better than to hear one hundred times.2. 常見用it代替它作形式主語，而把不定式或不定式構(gòu)造移到句尾： It's our duty to serve the people3. 在含有不定式作主語的疑問句或感慨句中

2、，一般只用it作形式主語。常見：Is it a good idea to plant some flowers there？不可以說：*Is to plant some flowers there a good idea？二、 不定式作表語連系動詞be，seem，appear，get，remain等常用不定式作表語，假如主語部分有實義動詞do時，表語?？捎貌粠o的不定式。例如：My idea is to have a trip on SundayThe only thing I can do now is wait at home.三、 不定式作動詞賓語1. 動詞不定式：The girl a

3、sked to see the headmaster常見的跟帶to的不定式構(gòu)造作賓語的動詞有：agree，aim，arrange，ask，choose，decide， demand，pretend，expect，hope，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，want，hate等。但help后的不定式?？墒〉舻?，如： They helpedtodo the cleaning this morning.2. 動詞十疑問詞why除外不定式：We must find out what to do next. 常見能跟“疑問詞十不定式構(gòu)

4、造作賓語的動詞有：decide，find out，forget，know，learn， remember，see，think，understand，wonder等。3. 形式賓語it十賓語補(bǔ)足語十不定式 I felt it my duty to report it to the headmaster 有時也用：形式賓語it賓語補(bǔ)足語for名詞不定式： All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work. 后接以上構(gòu)造的常用動詞有：feel，find，make，think，count等。四、 不定式作介詞賓語 一般說

5、來，不定式不用作介詞賓語。但在以下兩種情況那么可以。1. 在介詞butexcept之后接不定式作賓語。假如butexcept前有實義動詞do，butexcept 后的不定式通常不帶to；假如butexcept前沒有實義動詞do，butexcept后的不定式般要帶to。試比較：They could do nothing but wait for the teacher to arrive.He seldom comes except to ask for help.2. 介詞疑問詞why除外帶to的不定式They are talking about where to spend their ho

6、liday.Everyone has his own idea of how to do it.五、 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 這類構(gòu)造常見的有：1. 動詞賓語帶to的不定式 They warned us not to go out at night.后接“賓語帶to的不定式的動詞常見的有：advise，allow，ask，command，encourage， forbid，force，invite，require，order，persuade，cause，call on，wait for，show, how，teachteach how，telltell how等。2. 動詞十賓語不帶to的不定式

7、：Did you notice anyone take away my raincoat？后接“賓語十不帶to的不定式的動詞常見的有：feel，see，hear，let，have，make，watch，listen to, notice，observe等。注意：1) feel十賓語to be的不定式時， to不可省略。2) let變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)，而后面要接to的不定式時，to可保存也可省略。3) have，notice，watch不用于被動語態(tài)。 4) see，hear，make，listen to, notice，observe變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時，后面需要改接帶to的不定式： That made us

8、 wait for five years. We were made to wait for five hours.六、 不定式作定語 不定式作定語時，通常放在被修飾的名詞之后，往往表示將要發(fā)生的行為。I have no wish to become a sailor.1. 不定式與所修飾的名詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系1) 動賓關(guān)系： Do you have anything else to say？ anything是to say的邏輯賓語I have a lot of things to do. to do與a lot of things之間存在邏輯動賓關(guān)系。2) 說明修飾的名詞的內(nèi)容： She h

9、as a wish to go back to her home village.不定式說明wish的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容3) 主謂關(guān)系： The next man to come is Mr.Greenthe next man是to come的邏輯主語2. “不及物動詞不定式介詞作后置定語假如作定語的不定式是一個不及物動詞，有時需要加上一個適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~才能同所修 飾的名詞發(fā)生聯(lián)絡(luò)： They had no house to live in There is nothing for us to worry about. 當(dāng)不定式修飾time，place或way時，后面一般都省掉介詞，例如： They had

10、 no place to live.一般不加in There is still plenty of time to finish the work. This is the way to wash my teeth3. 不定式用在the first，the second以及the last，the only等后，或用在最高級后作定語。 He loves parties； He is always the first to come and the last to leave.She was the last one to hand in her paper七、 不定式作狀語1. 表示目的： H

11、e was running to catch the bus. 不定式作目的狀語時，前后常加in order或so as。如： He came here in order to learn from you. I went early so as not to miss the train.注意：to或in order to引起的狀語可放在句首或句尾：而so as to引起的狀語只能放在句中或句尾。2. 表示結(jié)果： They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 不定式作結(jié)果狀語時，常與以下構(gòu)造搭配：1) soas to “如此以致

12、Would you be so kind as to lend me your dictionary？2) suchas to“如此以致¨· He is such a fool as to think that he'll be a king.3) enough to “足以 This sea fish looks almost good enough to eat. He didn't jump high enough to win a prize.4) tooto “太而不以致不 He was too young to understand all th

13、at. 但要注意，在以下句子中的tooto并無否認(rèn)意義：不定式也不表示結(jié)果： I shall be only too pleased to get homeonly too =very They were too anxious to leave. toovery It's too kind of you to have told me that.不定式作主語 You are too ready to quarrel with others.不定式作ready的狀語5) 不定式前用only表示不愿得到的或出乎意料的結(jié)果。試比較 He went to the Internet bar t

14、o see his friend.表目的 He went to the Internet bar only to see his teacher.表結(jié)果3. 表示原因： We jumped with joy to hear the news.從上可看出，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因的不定式構(gòu)造形式相似，區(qū)別在于詞匯意思不同，試比較：The woman wept to obtain sympathy.目的：為獲得同情The woman wept to become all tears.結(jié)果：淚流滿面 The woman wept to hear the bad news.原因：因聞此壞消息八、 不定式的

15、復(fù)合構(gòu)造1. for名詞或代詞賓格帶to的不定式 假如不定式構(gòu)造的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，可以用for引起的短語來表示：It will be a mistake for us not to help them。We'd better find some work for the students to do2. of名詞或代詞帶to的不定式 在it作先行詞的句中，假如表語是形容詞，而這個形容詞又用來表不定式邏輯主語 的人或動物的性格特征或行為表現(xiàn)等，這時，不定式的邏輯主語常用of引起的短語表示： It's kind of you to think so much of us.

16、=You are so kind to think so much of us.常見能用于這類構(gòu)造的形容詞有：brave，clever，cruel，foolish，good，honest，horrible，kind，Lazy，nice，polite，rude，selfish，silly，stupid，wise等。九、 不定式的否認(rèn)式在不定式前面加not，never等構(gòu)成其否認(rèn)式，假如該不定式前不帶to，那么直接在動詞原 形前面加not，never等。例如：They got up early so as not to miss the early busThey decided not to a

17、ccept their invitation.You'd better not go to the party tonight. They are believed not to have done such a thing. 十、 不定式的完成式 1. 形式：以do為例to have done主動形式，to have been done被動形式；2. 用法：不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，常用不定式的完成式： He is said to have written a new book about Europe. 不定式的完成式主要用于以下幾種情況：1) 和seem，

18、happen，appear，be said，be believed，be thought等連用，構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語： She seemed to have heard about it already2) 用在作表語的形容詞glad，sorry，lucky等后面作狀語：3) 用在pretend，expect，mean，would like等動詞后面作賓語： I meant to have told you about it， but I forgot to do so.十一、 不定式的進(jìn)展式1. 形式：以do為例to be doing2. 用法：假如謂語動詞表示的動作或情況發(fā)生時，不定式表示的動作正

19、在進(jìn)展，這時不定式就要用進(jìn)展式：He seems to be enjoying himself.不定式的進(jìn)展式主要可以用于： 1) 構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語： They are said to be building another bridge across the river2) 在某些動詞后構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語： We didn't expect you to be waiting for us here.3) 在某些動詞后作賓語：You don't need to be worrying about her. She is safe at home.十二、 不定式的被動式1. 形式：以do

20、為例to be done一般式，to have been done完成式；2. 用法：當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是用不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動 形式： She asked to be sent to work in the country這種形式可以用來做主語、賓語、定語、狀語，并可構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語或復(fù)合謂語。但須注意的是，在某些構(gòu)造中不定式雖然表示被動的含義，用的卻是主動形式： We still have many difficulties to smooth away They found the sentence hard to understand.在以上句子中，雖然不定式與

21、最近的名詞代詞有動賓關(guān)系，但與句子中另一個名詞代詞卻可能有主謂關(guān)系，運或許是用主動形式的原因。假如不存在這種主謂關(guān)系，這不定式仍常用被動式： Let me show you the room to be used as teachers reading room.穩(wěn)固訓(xùn)練1. The girl seemed very interested in watching me _ the experiment.A. to doB. doC. in doingD. for doing2. We wish you _ how disappointed we were when we heard the n

22、ews.A. realizeB . realizingC. to realizeD. will realize3. What _ you to make such a decision?A. madeB. letC. hadD. caused4. Bobs par4ents want Bob _ all the rules at school.A. obeyB. to obeyC. obeyingD. will obey5. many parents closed their children _own decisions.A. to make theirB. making theC. mad

23、e theirD. will make their6. Will you attend the meeting _ next month?A. to holdB. being heldC. to be heldD. will be held7. We wont _ him be treated in that way.A. makeB. permitC. haveD. let8. We didnt expect ct you _ for us here.A. waitingB. to be waitingC. to have waitedD. waited9. He is believed_ a new book.A