供配電系統(tǒng)外文翻譯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上供配電系統(tǒng)摘要：電力系統(tǒng)的基本功能是向用戶(hù)傳送電能。lOkV配電網(wǎng)是連接供電電源與工業(yè)、商業(yè)及生活用電的節(jié)點(diǎn)，其網(wǎng)絡(luò)龐大及復(fù)雜。對(duì)于所有用戶(hù)都期望以最低的價(jià)格買(mǎi)到具有高度可靠性的電能。然而，經(jīng)濟(jì)性與可靠性這兩個(gè)因素是互相矛盾的。要提高供電網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性就必須增加網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)投資成本。但是，如果提高可靠性使用戶(hù)停電損失的降低小于用于提高可靠性所增加的投資，那么這種建設(shè)投資就沒(méi)有價(jià)值了。通過(guò)計(jì)算電網(wǎng)的投資和用戶(hù)停電的損失，最終可找到一個(gè)平衡點(diǎn)，使投資和損失的綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)性最優(yōu)。關(guān)鍵詞：供配電，供電可靠性，無(wú)功補(bǔ)償，負(fù)荷分配1 引言電力的改革引發(fā)了新一輪的電力建設(shè)熱潮。從而極大地推動(dòng)

2、了電力技術(shù)革命新技術(shù)新設(shè)備的開(kāi)發(fā)與應(yīng)用日新月異。特別是信息技術(shù)與電力技術(shù)的結(jié)合在很大程度上提高了電能質(zhì)量和電力供應(yīng)的可靠性。由于技術(shù)的發(fā)展又降低了電力建設(shè)的成本，進(jìn)而推動(dòng)了電網(wǎng)設(shè)備的更新?lián)Q代。本文就是以此為契機(jī)，以國(guó)內(nèi)外配電自動(dòng)化中一些前沿問(wèn)題為內(nèi)容，以配電自動(dòng)化建設(shè)為背景，對(duì)當(dāng)前電力系統(tǒng)的熱點(diǎn)技術(shù)進(jìn)行一些較深入的探討和研究。主要完成了如下工作：(1)提出了配電自動(dòng)化建設(shè)的兩個(gè)典型模式即體化模式和分開(kāi)的模式側(cè)重分析了分開(kāi)的的配電自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)給出了軟硬件配置主站選擇管理模式最佳通訊方式等是本文研究的前提和實(shí)現(xiàn)平臺(tái).(2)針對(duì)配電自動(dòng)化中故障測(cè)量定位與隔離以及供電恢復(fù)這一關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題分析了線路故

3、障中電壓電流等電量的變化導(dǎo)出了相間短路工況下故障定位的數(shù)學(xué)描述方程并給出了方程的解以及故障情況下幾個(gè)重要參數(shù)s U& s I& e I& 選擇表通過(guò)對(duì)故障的自動(dòng)診斷與分析得出了優(yōu)化的隔離和恢復(fù)供電方案自動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)故障快速隔離與網(wǎng)絡(luò)重構(gòu)減少了用戶(hù)停電范圍和時(shí)間有效提高配網(wǎng)供電可靠性文中還給出了故障分段判斷以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)快速重構(gòu)的軟件流程和使用方法.(3)狀態(tài)估計(jì)是實(shí)現(xiàn)配電自動(dòng)化中關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一本文在闡述狀態(tài)估計(jì)方法基礎(chǔ)上給出了不良測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的識(shí)別和結(jié)構(gòu)性錯(cuò)誤的識(shí)別方法針對(duì)狀態(tài)估計(jì)中數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)基于殘差的壞數(shù)據(jù)檢測(cè)和異常以及狀態(tài)量中壞數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)狀態(tài)估計(jì)的影響及存在的問(wèn)題提出了狀態(tài)估計(jì)中拓?fù)溴e(cuò)誤的一種實(shí)用化檢測(cè)和辯識(shí)方法針

4、對(duì)竊電漏計(jì)電費(fèi)問(wèn)題獨(dú)創(chuàng)性提出一種通過(guò)電量突變和異常分析防止竊電的新方法并在濰坊城區(qū)配電得到驗(yàn)證.(4)針對(duì)配電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)建模困難參數(shù)離散度大以及相關(guān)因素多等問(wèn)題本文在分析常規(guī)負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)模型及方法基礎(chǔ)上引入了氣象因素日期類(lèi)型社會(huì)環(huán)境影響等參數(shù)給出了基于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的電力負(fù)荷預(yù)測(cè)方法實(shí)例驗(yàn)證了方法的正確性.(5)針對(duì)無(wú)源濾波在抑制諧波和無(wú)功補(bǔ)償方面的不足以及補(bǔ)償度的不連續(xù)性本文提出了一種PWM 主電路拓樸結(jié)構(gòu)和基于無(wú)功功率理論的有源濾波方案建立了基于Saber Designer 仿真平臺(tái)仿真分析證明了方案的可行性同時(shí)結(jié)合配電自動(dòng)化技術(shù)對(duì)配電網(wǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)無(wú)功優(yōu)化補(bǔ)償和降低線損的方法進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)分析通過(guò)實(shí)例計(jì)算驗(yàn)證

5、了其客觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益.(6)針對(duì)中國(guó)電力市場(chǎng)未來(lái)的發(fā)展以及政府監(jiān)管下的電力市場(chǎng)公平交易設(shè)計(jì)了一種適合我國(guó)電力市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)狀按照電價(jià)分組電量協(xié)調(diào)分組競(jìng)價(jià)的短期電力交易模式給出了基于邊際電價(jià)的機(jī)組組合算法制訂交易計(jì)劃的數(shù)學(xué)模型以及安全經(jīng)濟(jì)約束等在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)比例逐步提高的情況下能夠較好地解決原有中長(zhǎng)期合同電價(jià)和短期競(jìng)爭(zhēng)電價(jià)的矛盾減少電廠不公平的收益差異同時(shí)也可在電力市場(chǎng)全網(wǎng)的負(fù)荷曲線上對(duì)所有電廠進(jìn)行限量?jī)?yōu)化減少總的系統(tǒng)購(gòu)電費(fèi)用.2 配電網(wǎng)分析配電網(wǎng)是電力系統(tǒng)中的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)，配電網(wǎng)接地方式和安全運(yùn)行直接關(guān)系到電力系統(tǒng)的安全和穩(wěn)定。而接地方式的選擇，是與本國(guó)國(guó)情、自然環(huán)境、設(shè)備制造和運(yùn)行水平等有關(guān)的，例如，雷電的活

6、動(dòng)情況、絕緣結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)、對(duì)周邊的干擾等因素，都會(huì)影響中性點(diǎn)接地方式的選擇;反過(guò)來(lái)，中性點(diǎn)接地方式對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)行、調(diào)試以及發(fā)展都有很大影響。一般在電壓等級(jí)較高的系統(tǒng)中，絕緣費(fèi)用在設(shè)備總價(jià)格中占相當(dāng)大的比重，降低絕緣水平帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益很顯著，通常就采用中性點(diǎn)直接接地的方式，而采用自動(dòng)重合閘來(lái)保證供電可靠性:相反，在電壓等級(jí)較低的系統(tǒng)中，通常都采用中性點(diǎn)不接地的方式來(lái)提高供電可靠性。因此，在綜合考慮供電可靠性、安全因素、過(guò)電壓因素、繼電保護(hù)的選擇、投資費(fèi)用等各方面因素的情況下，來(lái)論證正確選擇配電網(wǎng)接地方式的重要性，以及如何不斷開(kāi)發(fā)，利用新型接地裝置來(lái)應(yīng)用在配電網(wǎng)接地系統(tǒng)中是當(dāng)今配電網(wǎng)接地方式

7、的一個(gè)重要課題。本文主要工作是對(duì)lOkV配電網(wǎng)接地方式進(jìn)行研究和比較選擇。分別論述各類(lèi)接地方式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，主要有國(guó)內(nèi)外比較常用的中性點(diǎn)不接地方式、中性點(diǎn)經(jīng)消弧線圈接地方式(也稱(chēng)諧振接地方式)、中性點(diǎn)電阻接地方式、中性點(diǎn)直接接地方式。通過(guò)技術(shù)比較確定最優(yōu)接地方式，還利用一種近幾年研究開(kāi)發(fā)的，應(yīng)用在諧振接地方式中的自動(dòng)跟蹤補(bǔ)償裝置，再配以靈敏的小電流接地選線保護(hù)，能夠有效限制電網(wǎng)的故障接地電弧，更有利于電網(wǎng)的安全運(yùn)行。本文首先對(duì)配電網(wǎng)各類(lèi)接地方式做深入的研究。全面介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外幾種常用的中性點(diǎn)接地方式的運(yùn)行特性，通過(guò)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較對(duì)不同的接地方式進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)，再結(jié)合不同的接地方式的發(fā)展前景得出結(jié)論，優(yōu)化了

8、的諧振接地方式表現(xiàn)出很大的發(fā)展?jié)摿?。然后，本文?duì)lOkV配電網(wǎng)中性點(diǎn)諧振接地方式的運(yùn)行特性進(jìn)行了研究和介紹。從限制故障接地電弧的危害出發(fā)，重點(diǎn)論述如何利用電流諧振原理，有效熄滅故障接地電弧等。接著，本文結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外科技的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新成果，對(duì)諧振接地優(yōu)化方式中的微機(jī)接地保護(hù)性和自動(dòng)跟蹤補(bǔ)償裝置進(jìn)行全面的分析與論述，說(shuō)明諧振接地優(yōu)化方式在供電可靠性、人身安全、設(shè)備安全和通信干擾等方面，具有較好的運(yùn)行特性，既解決了小電流接地系統(tǒng)接地保護(hù)的選擇性，又實(shí)現(xiàn)了自動(dòng)調(diào)諧，使此種接地方式成為配電網(wǎng)比較理想的中性點(diǎn)接地方式。本文同時(shí)還對(duì)諧振接地方式實(shí)施技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究，包括消弧線圈的參數(shù)選擇、安裝、調(diào)整、運(yùn)行與維護(hù)等

9、內(nèi)容。最后，本文總結(jié)了本課題研究的內(nèi)容。諧振接地籍助微機(jī)技術(shù)的支持，近些年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外均在進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，優(yōu)化諧振接地技術(shù)是提高供電可靠性、保護(hù)人身安全、設(shè)備安全和電磁環(huán)境等的一項(xiàng)合理的重要技術(shù)手段，而諧振接地實(shí)施技術(shù)更充分發(fā)揮諧振接地方式的功能，使諧振接地方式具有更好的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)。隨著電網(wǎng)的不斷發(fā)展和豐富的實(shí)踐結(jié)果表明，以諧振接地方式為代表的小電流接地方式優(yōu)于其他接地方式，這是配電網(wǎng)的中性點(diǎn)接地方式發(fā)展的總趨勢(shì)，在今后的配電網(wǎng)接地方式中應(yīng)推廣應(yīng)用。本論文提出的思路、方案和結(jié)論不僅對(duì)于lOkV配電網(wǎng)中性點(diǎn)接地方式選擇研究、實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用具有實(shí)際的參考作用，對(duì)于其他電壓等級(jí)中性點(diǎn)接地方式選擇同樣具有借鑒的

10、作用。電力系統(tǒng)的基本功能是向用戶(hù)輸送電能。lOkV配電網(wǎng)是連接供電電源與工業(yè)、商業(yè)及生活用電的樞紐，其網(wǎng)絡(luò)龐大及復(fù)雜。對(duì)于所有用戶(hù)都期望以最低的價(jià)格買(mǎi)到具有高度可靠性的電能。然而，經(jīng)濟(jì)性與可靠性這兩個(gè)因素是互相矛盾的。要提高供電網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性就必須增加網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)投資成本。但是，如果提高可靠性使用戶(hù)停電損失的降低小于用于提高可靠性所增加的投資，那么這種建設(shè)投資就沒(méi)有價(jià)值了。通過(guò)計(jì)算電網(wǎng)的投資和用戶(hù)停電的損失，最終可找到一個(gè)平衡點(diǎn)，使投資和損失的綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)性最優(yōu)。論文針對(duì)配電網(wǎng)各種接線模式的特點(diǎn)，就各種接線模式的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和可靠性進(jìn)行了分析。3 小結(jié)論文首先介紹lOkV配電網(wǎng)各種典型的接線模式和國(guó)外幾個(gè)國(guó)家

11、的典型接線模式，然后確定配電網(wǎng)接線模式分析的思路，明確進(jìn)行分析的必要性和重要性。再提出最優(yōu)分段數(shù)計(jì)算的必要性，闡述最優(yōu)分段數(shù)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)性和可靠性的影響，然后建立最優(yōu)分段數(shù)計(jì)算模型，并簡(jiǎn)單介紹各種接線模式的供電方案。而后對(duì)配電網(wǎng)各種接線模式的可靠性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性進(jìn)行了計(jì)算和分析，通過(guò)計(jì)算并描繪的各種圖表。并對(duì)最優(yōu)分段數(shù)作了分析和討論。文章最后對(duì)各種接線模式的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和可靠性進(jìn)行總結(jié)，分析了各種接線模式各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，其適用情況。并結(jié)合實(shí)際情況針對(duì)lOkV配電網(wǎng)的規(guī)劃和建設(shè)提出有益的建議。為lOkV配電網(wǎng)的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)及為建成網(wǎng)架堅(jiān)實(shí)、布局合理、管理科學(xué)、能夠安全、優(yōu)質(zhì)、高效運(yùn)行的配電網(wǎng)提供理論的依據(jù)和有益的指

12、引。參考文獻(xiàn)1蘇文成.工廠供電M.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.1999.92劉介才.工廠供電設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)M.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.1999.123供配電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范S.中國(guó)計(jì)劃出版社.19964低壓配電設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范S.中國(guó)計(jì)劃出版社.1996.6Power Supply and Distribution SystemABSTRACT: The basic function of the electric power system is to transport the electric power towards customers. The l0kV electric distribution net is a ke

13、y point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on the industry, business and daily-life. For the electric power, allcostumers expect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability, but dont consider that its self-contradictory in the co-existence of economy and reliable.To im

14、prove the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network construction But, if the cost that improve the reliability of the network construction, but the investment on this kind of construction would be worthless if the reducing loss is on the power-off i

15、s less than the increasing investment on improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic,between the investment and the loss by calculating the investment on power net and the loss brought from power-off.KEYWORDS: power supply and distribution, power distributio

16、n reliability，reactive compensation, load distributionThe revolution of electric power system has brought a new big round construction,which is pushing the greater revolution of electric power technique along with the application of new technique and advanced equipment. Especially, the combination o

17、f the information technique and electric power technique, to great ex- tent, has improved reliability on electric quality and electric supply. The technical development decreases the cost on electric construction and drives innovation of electric network. On the basis of national and international a

18、dvanced electric knowledge, the dissertation introduces the research hotspot for present electric power system as following.Firstly, This dissertation introduces the building condition of distribution automation(DA), and brings forward two typical construction modes on DA construction, integrative m

19、ode and fission mode .It emphasize the DA structure under the condition of the fission mode and presents the system configuration, the main station scheme, the feeder scheme, the optimized communication scheme etc., which is for DA research reference.Secondly, as for the (DA) trouble measurement, po

20、sition, isolation and resume, This dissertation analyzes the changes of pressure and current for line problem, gets math equation by educing phase short circuit and problem position under the condition of single-phase and works out equation and several parameter s U& , s I& and e I& table on problem

21、 . It brings out optimized isolation and resume plan, realizes auto isolation and network reconstruction, reduces the power off range and time and improves the reliability of electric power supply through problem self- diagnoses and self-analysis. It also introduces software flow and use for problem

22、 judgement and sets a model on network reconstruction and computer flow.Thirdly, electricity system state is estimated to be one of the key techniques in DA realization. The dissertation recommends the resolvent of bad measurement data and structure mistake on the ground of describing state estimate

23、 way. It also advances a practical test and judging way on topology mistake in state estimate about bad data test and abnormity in state estimate as well as the problem and effect on bad data from state measure to state estimate .As for real time monitor and control problem, the dissertation introdu

24、ces a new way to solve them by electricity break and exceptional analysis, and the way has been tested in Weifang DA.Fourthly, about the difficulty for building the model of load forecasting, big parameter scatter limit and something concerned, the dissertation introduces some parameters, eg. weathe

25、r factor, date type and social environment effect based on analysis of routine load forecasting and means. It presents the way for electricity load forecasting founded on neural network(ANN),which has been tested its validity by example and made to be good practical effect.Fifthly, concerning the la

26、ck of concordant wave on prevent noting concordant wave and non-power compensation and non-continuity on compensation, there is a topology structure of PWM main circuit and nonpower theory on active filter the waves technique and builds flat proof on the ground of Saber Designer and proves to be pra

27、ctical. Meanwhile, it analyzes and designs the way of non-power need of electric network trends and decreasing line loss combined with DA, which have been tested its objective economic benefit through counting example.Sixthly, not only do the dissertation design a way founded on the magrginal electr

28、ic price fitted to our present national electric power market with regards to future trends of electric power market in China and fair trade under the government surveillance, that is group competitio n in short-term trade under the way of grouped price and quantity harmony, but also puts forward co

29、mbination arithmetic, math model of trading plan and safty economical restriction. It can solve the original contradiction between medium and long term contract price and short term competitive price with improvement on competitive percentage and cut down the unfair income difference of electric fac

30、tory, at the same time, it can optimize the electric limit for all electric factories and reduce the total purchase charge of electric power from burthen curve of whole electric market network.The distribution network is an important link among the power system. Its neutral grounding mode and operat

31、ion connects security and stability of the power system directly. At the same time, the problem about neutral grounding is associated with national conditions, natural environment, device fabrication and operation. For example, the activity situation of the thunder and lightning, insulating structur

32、e and the peripheral interference will influence the choice of neutral grounding mode .Conversely, neutral grounding mode affects design, operation, debugs and developing. Generally in the system higher in grade in the voltage, the insulating expenses account for more sizable proportion at the total

33、 price of the equipment. It is very remarkable to bring the economic benefits by reducing the insulating level. Usually such system adopt the neutral directly grounding and adopt the autoreclosing to guarantee power supply reliability. On the contrary, the system which is lower in the voltage adopts

34、 neutral none grounding to raise power supply reliability. So it is an important subject to make use of new- type earth device to apply to the distribution network under considering the situation in such factors of various fields as power supply reliability, safety factor, over-voltage factor, the c

35、hoice of relay protection, investment cost, etc.The main work of this paper is to research and choice the neutral grounding mode of the l0kV distribution network. The neutral grounding mode of the l0kV network mainly adopts none grounding, grounding by arc suppressing coil, grounding by reactance gr

36、ounding and directly grounding. The best grounding mode is confirmed through the technology comparison. It can help the network run in safety and limit the earth electric arc by using auto-tracking compensate device and using the line protection with the detection of the sensitive small ground curre

37、nt. The paper introduces and analyzes the characteristic of all kind of grounding modes about l0kV network at first. With the comparison with technological and economy, the conclusion is drawn that the improved arc suppressing coil grounding mode shows a very big development potential.Then, this pap

38、er researches and introduces some operation characteristics of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode of the l0kV distribution network. And then the paper put emphasis on how to extinguish the earth electric arc effectively by utilizing the resonance principle. This paper combines the development o

39、f domestic and international technology and innovative achievement, and introduces the computer earth protection and autotracking compensate device. It proves that the improved arc suppressing coil grounding mode have better operation characteristics in power supply reliability, personal security, s

40、ecurity of equipment and interference of communication. The application of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode is also researched in this paper.Finally, the paper summarizes this topic research. As a result of the domination of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode, it should be more populariz

41、ed and applied in the distribution network in the future.The way of thinking, project and conclusions in this thesis have effect on the research to choose the neutral grounding mode not only in I0kV distribution network but also in other power system.The basic function of the electric power system i

42、s to transport the electric power towards customers. The l0kV electric distribution net is a key point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on the industry, business and daily-life. For the electric power, all costumers expect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability,

43、 but dont consider that its self-contradictory in the co-existence of economy and reliable. To improve the reliability of the power supply network, we must increase the investment cost of the network con- struction But, if the cost that improve the reliability of the network construction, but the in

44、vestment on this kind of construction would be worthless if the reducing loss is on the power-off is less than the increasing investment on improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make the most economic, between the investment and the loss by calculating the investment on powe

45、r net and the loss brought from power-off. The thesis analyses on the economic and the reliable of the various line modes, according to the characteristics various line modes existed in the electric distribution net in foshan.First, the thesis introduces as the different line modes in the l0kV electric distribution net and in some foreign countries. Making it clear tow to conduct analyzing on the line mode of the electric distribution net, and telling us how important and necessa