小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全

1、小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全一、 名 詞表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)： 不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)， 所以總是用 is 或者 was ； 最好不要根據(jù)some 、 any 、 a lotof 等詞去作判 斷，以免受誤導(dǎo)。1、可數(shù)名詞如何變一復(fù)數(shù)形式II:a 一般情況下，直接加-s ，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；讀音：清輔音后讀s ，濁輔音和 元音后讀 z 。b 以 s. x. sh. ch 結(jié) 尾 ， 加 -es ， 如 ： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch

2、-watches ；讀音： iz 。c . 以一輔音字母+y 口結(jié)尾，變 y 為i,再加-es ,如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries ；讀音： z 。d .以T 或 fe II 結(jié)尾，變 f 或 fe 為 v,再加-es ,如：knife-knives , thief-thieves ；讀音：z 。e.以f 口結(jié)尾的詞，分兩種情況1 )有生命的 +es 讀音： z 如： mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2 ) 無(wú)生命的 +s 讀音： z 如： photo-photos radio-radiosf.

3、 不 規(guī) 則 名 詞 復(fù) 數(shù) ： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children,foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2 、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計(jì)算不可數(shù)名詞所表達(dá)的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間力口上一量 詞+of II o 例如：a glass of water, a piece o

4、f paper, a bottle of juice判斷步驟：/ 如是am、is或was f原形讀句子-讀該單詞-認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞-理解意思-看be動(dòng)詞、如是 are 或 were 力口 s 或 es練一練：1 、寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。I him _ this _ her _ watch _ mangochildphoto _ diary day foot_ dress tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry thiefengineerpeach_sandwich _ man_ woman_ leaf_ people2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。( 1 ) Are there t

5、wo ( box ) on the table?( 2 ) I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.( 3 ) How many ( day ) are there in a week?( 4 ) Here re five( bottle ) of( juice ) for you.( 5 ) This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.二、冠 詞冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立使用，通常放在名詞的前面，分為一不定冠詞口和一定冠詞口兩種。1、不定冠詞：a、an。用在單數(shù)名詞前，表示一一個(gè)，一件I

6、I。 an用在以元音一音素II開頭的單詞前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour2 、定冠詞： the 。用在單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。 the 沒有具體意思，有時(shí)翻譯為這、那。它的基本用法：（ 1 ）用來(lái)表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：（ 2 ）表示說(shuō)話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如：（ 3 ）表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如：（ 4 ）用在表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如：球（ 5 ）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如：（ 6 ）用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如：The map on the wall is

7、new.Look at the picture, please.This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.the sun 太陽(yáng) the moon 月亮 the earth 地the Great Wall 長(zhǎng)城長(zhǎng)江般都用定冠詞the Changjiang River（ 7 ）此外，序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、樂器名稱等詞前面和一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中一般都用定冠詞the 。如： the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class確定用 a 、 an 還是 the 時(shí)可根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思。練一練：1 、用 a

8、 或 an 填空。-U II ice-cream goalkeeper teapot apple office Englishbook umbrella unit hour2 、根據(jù)需要，填寫冠詞a ， an 或 the 。（ 1 ） Who is girl behind tree?（ 2 ） old man has two children, son and daughter.（3 ） This is orange. orange is Lucy s.（4 ） He likes playing guitar. We have same hobby.（ 5 ） We all hadgood t

9、ime last Sunday.（ 6 ） She wants to bedoctor.數(shù)詞 我們學(xué)過兩類： 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別：基數(shù)詞前面沒有一the II ;序數(shù)詞前一定要有一the II o1、超過二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個(gè)位和十位之間加上一-|。如：21 twenty-one2、三位數(shù)以上的則需要在百位數(shù)后再加上and 。如： 101 a/one hundred and one3 、 用基數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí)， 一定別忘了它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如： 十八個(gè)男孩eighteen boys4、用基數(shù)詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，如是復(fù)數(shù)，變它的量

10、詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：兩碗米飯 two bowls of rice5、序數(shù)詞一般加一 th II ,特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及 二十及二 十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth 一第幾十幾II ：前面整十不變，后面一幾II改為序數(shù)詞。如：88 eighty-eighth練一練：1 、請(qǐng)翻譯下列短語(yǔ)。1 ) 60 名學(xué)生3 )九杯涼水5) 12 月 317 )第九周9) 11+72) 15 本英語(yǔ)書4 ) 4 個(gè)孩子6) 6 月 2 日8 ) 40 年前10 )上學(xué)第一天2 、把

11、下列基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞。one-two-three-nine-fourteen-twenty-thirty-five-eighty-one代詞有兩種：人稱代詞和物主代詞。1、人稱代詞分為：第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語(yǔ)，一般用在動(dòng)詞前（疑問句除外）；賓格在句中做賓語(yǔ)，多用于動(dòng)詞、介詞后。3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表示該名詞是屬于誰(shuí)的。4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：This is my bag尸This is mine. That is her ruler.=That is hers.一般看后面有沒有名詞，如有，就

12、用形容詞性物主代詞；如無(wú)，就用名詞性物主代詞。請(qǐng)牢記下表：?jiǎn)螖?shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey代詞賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir代詞名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs練一練:1、按要求寫出相應(yīng)人稱代詞。I （賓格）she （形容詞性物主代詞） we （名詞性物主代詞） he （復(fù)數(shù)）us （單數(shù)）theirs （主格）its （賓格）2、想一想，把下表補(bǔ)充完整。人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性A人稱meuso

13、ur第二人稱youyou第三人稱hethemhistheirheritits3、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) That is not kite. That kite is very small, but is very big. ( I )2) The dress is. Give it to. ( she )3) Is this watch? ( you ) No, it ' s not. ( I )4) is my is Jack. Look! Those stamps are.(he )5) dresses are red. ( we ) What co

14、lour are? ( you )6) Show your kite, OK? ( they )7) I have a beautiful is Mimi. These cakes are. ( it )8) Are these tickets? No,are not.aren ' t here.(they )9) Shall have a look at that classroom? That is classroom. ( we )10) ) is my aunt. Do you know job? is a nurse. ( she )11) ) Where

15、are ? I can t find . Let s call parents. ( they )12) ) Don t touch . is not a cat, is a tiger! ( it )13) ) sister is ill. Please go and see . ( she )14) ) The girl behind is our friend. ( she )五、形容詞、副詞1 、 形容詞表示某一事物或人的特征， 副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。 形容詞和副詞有三種形式：原形、比較 級(jí)、最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)： +er最高級(jí)：the +est兩個(gè)重要特征：asas中間一定用原形，tha

16、n的前面一定要+er。2 、形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化如下：(1) 一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結(jié)尾，只加-r。如：late - later (2)重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，須雙寫這個(gè)字母，再加-er 。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter(3)以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞，變 y為i,再加-er。如：heavy- heavier, early - earlier( 4 )雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)應(yīng)在原級(jí)前加more 構(gòu)成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, careful -

17、 more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting- more interesting(5)有些不規(guī)則變化的，須逐一加以記憶。如： good/well - better, bad/ill - worse, many/much - more, far - farther/further, old - older/elder 練一練：1 、寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)。biggoodlongtalloldshortthinheavyyoungfatlightstronghighfarlowearlylatewellfastslow2 、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給

18、單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) I can swim as ( fast ) as the fish, I think.2) Look! His hands are ( big ) than mine.3) I think you do these things( well ) than your classmates.4) Whose bag is ( heavy ), yours or mine?5) Does Jim run as ( slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs( slow ) thanthem.6) You have seven books, bu

19、t I have ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.7) I jump ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.8) I m very( thin ), but she s ( thin ) than me.9) It gets and( warm ) when spring comes here.六、介 詞1 、一種虛詞。不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，才能在句子中起作用。 有： in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, f

20、or, to, up,down, from, in front of, out of,from to ，at the back of 2、表示時(shí)間的介詞有：at, on, in。(1) at表示一在某一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上II ,或用在固定詞 組中。如：at ten o ' clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend (2) on 表示一在某 日或某日的時(shí)間段 口。 如：on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning(3) in 表示在某段時(shí)間 (月份、 季節(jié))里II。如：in th

21、e afternoon, in September, in summer, in 2005 3 、 in 一詞還有其他的固定搭配，如： in blue (穿著藍(lán)色的衣服) ， in English (用英語(yǔ)表 達(dá)) ， take part in (參 加) 。練一練：1 、選用括號(hào)內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1) What s this ( at, on, in ) English?2) Christmas is ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.3) The man( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai s father.4) He do

22、esn t do well ( at, on, in ) PE.5) Look at those birds ( on, in ) the tree.6) We are going to meet ( at, on, in ) the bus stop ( at, on, in ) halfpast ten.7) Is there a cat ( under, behind, in ) the door?8) Helen s writing paper is ( in, in front of ) her computer.9) We live ( at, on, in ) a new hou

23、se now.10) Does it often rain ( at, on, in ) spring there?2 、圈出下列句子中運(yùn)用不恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，并將正確的答案寫在橫線上。1) Jim is good in English and Maths.2) The films were in the ground just now.3) They are talking to their plans.4) How many students have their birthdays on May?5) Women s Day is at the third of March.6) I can

24、jog to school on the morning.7) Did you water trees at the farm?8) Can you come and help me on my English?9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?七、動(dòng) 詞這里所說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞是指各種動(dòng)詞總稱，其中包括be 動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、行為動(dòng)詞(就是我們平時(shí)總說(shuō)的那種動(dòng)詞) 。動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用一一(量詞)II (如：一個(gè)

25、、一張等)和這個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，如說(shuō)得通，一般認(rèn)為是名詞；說(shuō)不通再用一很口去判斷，就是把一很口和為個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)得通一般就是形容詞；都說(shuō)不通就是動(dòng)詞。 (目前我們學(xué)過的，以后可能不同) (另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等一下就可以知道)1 、 be 動(dòng)詞( am, is, are, was, were )1 ) am was, is was, are-were 口訣：我用 am,你用are, is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全 用 are 。2 )肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the

26、dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.3 ) 一般疑問句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn t.4 ) be 動(dòng)詞的否定形式： am not (沒有縮寫形式) ， are not = aren t ， is not = isn t 。用恰當(dāng)?shù)?be 動(dòng)詞填空。練一練：1 、用 be

27、 動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1 ) I a boy. you a boy? No, I not.2 ) The girlJack's sister.3) The dog4 ) The man with big eyesa teacher.5 ) your brother in the classroom?7 ) Mike and Liu T ao at school.9 ) Whose socks they?11 ) The jeans on the desk.13 ) Here some sweaters for you.14 ) The black gloves for Su Yang.

28、16 ) The two cups of milk for me.18 ) Gao shan's shirt over there.20 ) David and Helen from England?22 )There some apples on the tree.bottle?24 ) There some bread on the plate.26 ) Theretall and fat.6) How your father?8) Whose dress this?10 ) Who I?12 ) Here a scarf for you.15 ) This pair of glo

29、ves for Yang Ling.17 ) Some tea in the glass.19 ) My sister's name Nancy.21 ) There a girl in the room.23 ) there any apple juice in the25 ) You, he and I from China.a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.2 、助動(dòng)詞( do, does, did )do, does 用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其過去式did 用于一般過去時(shí)。它們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。它們的否定

30、形式： do not = don t, does not = doesn t, did not = didn t 。注意： 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中， does 用于第三人稱單數(shù)， 其余一律用助動(dòng)詞 do ； 助動(dòng)詞 do, does, did 后面一定要用動(dòng)詞原形。練一練：1 、用適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞填空。1) you like this magazine?2) The girllike bread for breakfast.3) -What she at the weekends? -She usually plays games with herfriends.4) -Whayou do last Su

31、nday? -I wrote to my friend.5) -Did you see a Beijing opera? -No, I .6) He not visit a farm last National Day holiday.7) Theynot like playing volleyball.8) - Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? -Yes, he .9) Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?10) -How many kites we have?

32、 -We have ten.2 、找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，將序號(hào)填入題前括號(hào)內(nèi)，并改正。( ) 1) Did you had a big lunch with your family last Spring Festival?A. Did B. hadC .with( ) 2) -What do the boy have in his pencil-box? -He has a rubber.A. doB. have C. has( ) 3) They doesn t like the film.A. doesnB. likeC. film()4) Do Jim get up at six ev

33、eryday?A. Do B. get C. everyday()5) Don't giving the ball to Liu Tao.A. Don't B. giving C. to3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是一類特殊的動(dòng)詞，平時(shí)我們不把它說(shuō)成是動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、mightmust。注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)其否定形式： can not = can ' t, must not = mustn ' t

34、, 注意： may not 和 shall not(無(wú)縮寫形式)練一練：選擇填空。()1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the building.A. mustB. can ' tC. shouldn't()2) How many books you see on the desk?A. may B. can C. should()3) It means you make noise in the library.A. should B. shouldn't C. can()4) -you like a g

35、lass of milk? - Yes, please.A. May B. Could C. Wouldt.()5) -you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I canA. CanB. Can tC. Should（ ） 6） we go to the park by bus? A. May B. Must C. Shall4、行為動(dòng)詞就是我們平時(shí)上課時(shí)說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞，表示某一動(dòng)作或行為。如： sweep 、 live 等。行為動(dòng)詞我們已學(xué)過它們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)+s/es 、現(xiàn)在分詞（也叫動(dòng)名詞） +ing 、過去式+ed 。（ 1 ）動(dòng)詞第三人稱

36、單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：A、 般直接力口s II , 如：play plays, visit visits, speak - speaks ;B、以一s II , x-II , sh II , -ch II 結(jié)尾時(shí)，力口-es 口，如：catch catches, watch - watches ； C、以一輔音字母+y II 結(jié)尾時(shí)，變-y II 為再加-es II ,如：carry - carries, study - studies 。（ 2 ）現(xiàn)在分詞（動(dòng)名詞）構(gòu)成規(guī)則：A、般直接力口ing II , 如：go - going, do - doing, look looking ;B、以不發(fā)音的

37、一e II 結(jié)尾的單詞，去-e II 力口Tng II，如：take - taking, make - making, have-having ;C、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，需要雙寫這個(gè)字母再加一ing II ,如：put putting, stop stopping, run running, get getting, swim swimming, sit - sitting, begin - beginning, jog - jogging, forget - forgetting 。（ 3 ）過去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則：A、一般直接加一ed II ,如：plant - plan

38、ted, visit - visited, pick - picked ;B、以不發(fā)音字母一e II 結(jié)尾，直接加一ed II ,如：like - liked, hope - hoped, taste - tastedC、以一輔音字母+y II 結(jié)尾時(shí)，變-y II 為再加-ed II ,如：try - tried, carry - carried, studystudied ；D、有些動(dòng)詞要雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再加一 ed II ,如：stop - stopped ;E、還有很多動(dòng)詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，請(qǐng)記憶:是-am(be)-was-being；是-are(be)-were-being ；是

39、-be-was, were-being ；成為 -become-became-becoming開始 -begin-began-beginning彎曲 -bend-bent-bending ；吹 -blow-blew-blowing; 買-buy-bought-buying能-can-could；捕捉-catch-caught-catching選擇 -choose-chose-choosing來(lái)-come-came-coming； 切-cut-cut-cutting ；做 -do, does-did-doing畫-draw-drew-drawing; 飲-drink-drank-drinking

40、吃 -eat-ate-eating ；感覺 -feel-felt-feeling ； 發(fā)現(xiàn) -find-found-finding飛 -fly-flew-flying ；忘記 -forget-forgot-forgetting-get-got-getting-give-gave-giving走-go-went-going;成長(zhǎng)-grow-grew-growing ;有-have, has-had-having聽 -hear-heard-hearing；受傷 -hurt-hurt-hurting ；保持 -keep-kept-keeping知道 -know-knew-knowing ；學(xué)習(xí) -l

41、earn-learned, learnt-learning允許，讓 -let-let-letting-lie-lay-lying ； 制造 -make-made-making可以 -may-might；-mean-meant-meaning ；會(huì)見 -meet-met-meeting必須 -must-must-put-put-putting ；讀 -read-read-reading騎、乘 -ride-rode-riding-ring-rang-ringing ；跑 -run-ran-running ；說(shuō) -say-said-saying ；看見 -see-saw-seeing ；將 -sha

42、ll-should； 唱歌 -sing-sang-singing ；坐下 -sit-sat-sitting ；睡覺 -sleep-slept-sleeping說(shuō) -speak-spoke-speaking ； 度過 -spend-spent-spending練一練：1 、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。drink go stay make look have pass _carry _come _watch _plantfly _ study brushdo _teach_takesee2 、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。put give fly get dance sitrun_ plant take

43、 swim ask stop_take _ write_have _smoke _think_wanttell_3 、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式。isam fly plant are drink play go make does dance worry ask taste eat draw put throw kick pass do 4、用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（ 1 ） I to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often to school withme. Yesterday we to school together. We like to

44、school very much.（ go ）（ 2 ） They usually lunch at home. But last week, they lunch at school.（ have ）（3 ） Thatmy English book. It new. But now it not here. It therea moment ago. （ be ）（4 ） My sister likes very much. She often at our school festival. Lastterm, she a lot of songs in the school hall. S

45、he beautifully. （ sing ）（ 5 ） What he usually on Sunday? He usually his homework. Look!He his homework now. he his homework last Sunday?Yes, he. （ do ）（6 ） Do people usuallymoon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Didyou moon cakes last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I a lot ofdelicious mo

46、on cakes. （ eat ） 八、 there/here be 結(jié)構(gòu)1、there be 結(jié)構(gòu)表示一某時(shí)、某地存在著什么事物或人II ,包括there is、there are、therewas、there were。 here be結(jié)構(gòu)與它類似，用法也完全相同，只不過是表示一這里存在著 什么事物或人II。2 、和 have 、 has 、 had 的區(qū)別：（ 1 ） There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） ；而 have 、 has 、 had 表示：某人擁有 某物。（2 ）在there be 句型中，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)， be 動(dòng)詞用is ；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用are ；如有幾

47、件物品，be動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近be動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定就近原則II。（3 ） there be 句型的否定句在 be 動(dòng)詞后加 not , 一般疑問句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。（ 4 ） there be 句型與 have（has） 的區(qū)別： there be 表示在某地有某物 （或人） ； have（has）表示某人擁有某物。( 5 ) some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的運(yùn)用： some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或 疑問句。( 6) and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的運(yùn)用： and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑問句。( 7)針對(duì)數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

48、是： How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？ How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？( 8 )針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： What s + 介詞短語(yǔ)？( 9 ) There be 結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開頭，而have 等詞只能用于某一個(gè)主語(yǔ)后面。練一練：1) 、用恰當(dāng)?shù)?be 動(dòng)詞填空。2) There four seasons in a year.3) There not any trees two years ago.4) - there a post office near your school? -Yes, t

49、here .5) -How many stops there? -Thereonly one.6) There not any stamps on the envelope.7) there any birds in the tree?8) Therea shopping centre near our school last year. But now therenoone.9) There only three of us: my dad, my mum and me.10) Here some bread for you.11) In New York, there a lot of r

50、ain in spring.II填空。2 、選用 have, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were2) a telescope on the desk.1) I a good father and a good mother.3) He a tape-recorder.5) They a nice garden.6) My father a story-book last year.4) a basketball in the playground.7) a reading-room in the building?8) Wh

51、at does Mike ?9) any books in the bookcase?10) How many students in the classroom?11) a story-book on the table a moment ago.12) What do you ?13) My parents some nice pictures.14) some maps on the wall.15) a map of the world on the wall.16) David s friends some tents.17) many children on the hill.九、

52、 some ， any 的用法some 用于肯定句； any 用于否定句和一般疑問句。請(qǐng)注意看例句后擴(kuò)號(hào)中說(shuō)明的用法。例： There is some water in the glass. (肯定句)There are some flowers in the garden. (肯定句)There aren t any lamps in the study. (否定句)Are there any maps on the wall? (一般疑問句)Would you like some orange juice? (希望得到肯定回答)Do you want to take any photos

53、at the party?（一般疑問句）練一練： 選用 some 或 any 填空。1) There isn t milk in the fridge.2) I can seecars, but I can t seebuses.4) Were there fruit trees on the farm?6) Does Tom want to take photos?8) There arenew buildings in our3) He has friends in England.5) Here are presents for you.7) Is thererice in the ki

54、tchen?school.9)-Wouldyou like cakes? -No, I d not like cakes, but I d likecoffee.10) -Are therepictures on the wall? -No, there aren t pictures.十、動(dòng)詞不定式1 、 to 加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，在這里不是介詞，無(wú)詞義。如： I want to make a New Year card. 我想制作一張新年賀卡。Would you like to have a picnic with us?你愿意和我們一起去野餐嗎？2 、 to 保留原來(lái)動(dòng)詞的一些特征，它可以帶自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。如： To get