主語和謂語的一致

1、主語和謂語的一致.1 .主語和謂語的一致關(guān)系：謂語要與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致：Herdreamshavecometrue.Herdreamhascometrue.Sheoftenarrivesatschoollate.Theyoftenarriveatschoollate.Itisgettingdark.Eggsaregettingscarcer.Iamgettingbored.2 .確定主語單復(fù)數(shù)的三個原那么：2-1.語法上一致的原那么：Theboyplaysfootballwell.Theboysplayfootballwell.Itisbitterlycold.Iamverycold.

2、2-2.概念上一致的原那么：Myfamilyareallearlyrisers.旨家中的全體成員,有復(fù)數(shù)含義Hisfamilyhasmovedintothenewhouse.指整個家,用作單數(shù)Fiveminutesisenough.b個時間段,看作單數(shù)Thecrewarewaitingforinstructionsfromthecaptain.6旨全體ffiM,復(fù)數(shù)2-3.鄰近詞一致的原那么：Neitherhenortheyarewhollyright.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.Ei

3、theryourkeyormykeyismissing.Notonlybutalsotheirteacherhasparticipatedintheparty.HeorIaminthewrong.-whatsworthvisitingthere?-well,thereSthepark,thecastleandthemuseum.3.主謂一致的具體原那么：3-1.根據(jù)語法一致的原那么確定謂語形式：單數(shù)主語+單數(shù)謂語；復(fù)數(shù)主語+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Theteacherencouragesthestudentstospeakfreely.Mywagesarelow,butmetaxesarehigh.Their

4、househasnineroom.Italwayspaystogiveyourpaperonefinalcheck.在主語+系詞+表語結(jié)構(gòu)中,系動詞要與主語的數(shù)保持一致,不受其表語的影響.Theirgreatestconcernisthechildren.Themostappreciatedgiftwastheclothesthatyousentus.Whatweneedmostisbooks.Paulisfriendswithbill.在單數(shù)名詞(主語)+(together)with+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語只與主語保持一致,這是由于上述短語只起修飾主語的作用,而非主語的一局部.短語：Alongwit

5、h,aswellas,inadditionto,accompaniedby,ratherthan,asmuchas,nolessthan,including,besides,except,but,like.Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.YouaswellasIarewrong.Themanager,alongwithhissecretariesjsgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,_wassenttohelpinthiswork.Theteacher

6、,asmuchastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.Mr.Robbins,accompaniedbyhiswifeJsarrivingtonight.3-2主語含有and時的謂語形式：單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).Reading,writingandarithmeticarecalledthethreeRs.JoeandBobaresmart.HeandIaregoodfriends.Thepoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.如果由and所連接的并列主語指的是同一個人或物事,謂語動詞

7、用單數(shù).Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.Ateacherandnovelistisgoingtomakeaspeechinthehall.A/The+單數(shù)名詞人+and+單數(shù)名詞人+單數(shù)謂語指同一個人身兼兩種職務(wù).A/The+單數(shù)名詞人+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語指不同職務(wù)的兩個人.Theconductorandcomposerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Theconductorandthecomposerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.一下已被看成一個整體,因而做主

8、語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).Knifeandfork,needleandthread,acupandsaucer,ahorseandcarriage,trialanderror,lawandorder,etc.Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.Breadandbuttersourdailyfood.Fishandchipsisapopularfastfood.ThestarsandstripesisthenatioanlflagofUSA.Thesumandsubstanceofthespeechwasantiwar.主語為every/each+單數(shù)名詞+and+(ever

9、y/each+)單數(shù)名詞時,謂語用單數(shù).Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.EachboyandgirLwosgivenabook.Eachbookandeachpapersheldinplace.EveryminuteandeverysecondJsprecious.主語為形容詞+and+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞：并且是涉及到該名詞的品種或類別時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).Chineseandbritishbeerareservedatthepub.Coolingdraftbeer_isservedatthepub.Cleveranddullstudentsare

10、treatedalike.Thereisablackandwhitepictureonthewall.當(dāng)bothand連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).Bothhisbrotherandsisteraremarried.Bothwhalesanddolphinsaremammals.3-3根據(jù)鄰近詞一致的原那么確定謂語形式：用or連接兩個名代詞作主語時,依據(jù)鄰近原那么確定謂語形式.GeorgeorTomjswanted.GeorgeorIamwrong.Wereyouorhethere?用eitheror連接連個名代詞作主語時,鄰近原那么.EitherJohnorhisfriendsa

11、retoblameforthebadresults.Eithertheshirtsorthesweaterjsagoodbuy.Notonlybutalso；notbut連接兩個名代詞作主語時,鄰近原那么.NotonlyMarybutalsoJohnwasinvitedtotheparty.Notthestudentsbuttheirteacherjs_invitedtotheparty.3-4謂語用單數(shù)形式的情況：動名詞,動詞不定式或主語從句作主語.Reasingisagreatpleasureinlife.Tolivemeanstocreat.Thatweneedmoretimejsobv

12、ious.數(shù)詞或數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示時間,距離,金額,重量,大小,體積等作主語.EighthoursofsleepJsenough.Fiveisanoddnumber.Ahundredmilesjsquiteadrive,isriit?Fivetonsisaheavyload.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt.復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作主語.ThePhilippinesconsistsofmorethan7,000islands.TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.TheTimeshasalargeci

13、rculation.manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞作主語.Manyalittlemakesamickle.Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.Morethanongrammaticalmistakeswasfoundinhiscomposition.表示群意義的詞組,如：aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish作主語.Aflockofbirdsjscirclingoverhead.Theherdofcattlejsbreakingaway.3-5謂語用

14、復(fù)數(shù)形式的情況：trousers,pants,pyjamas,shorts,pliers,scissors,pincer,tongs,glasses,spectacles,tights,compasses等;一般都用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但當(dāng)這些詞前面有單數(shù)量詞時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式.Wherearemyscissors?Thereisapairofscissorsonthetable.有些集合名詞作主語時,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語.Sheep,Cattle,Police,Poultry,militia,peopled；Cattlefeedongrass.Thepolicearelookingintothem

15、atter.“everal/(a)few/both/many+(of+)復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或上述詞單獨用作主語時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Severalofyou_needtoworkharder.Severalhavealreadywrittentome.3-6謂語用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可的情況：有些名詞形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但做主語,謂語多用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Means,works,tidings,headquarter等；Thefirmsheadquartersare/isinLondon.Thegoodtidingcome/comestoolate.Thereis/arenomeansoffindingoutwh

16、athappened.Thesteelworksis/areclosedfortheholiday.數(shù)詞組成的數(shù)學(xué)算式作主語,謂語單復(fù)亦可:Twoandthreeis/arefive.Twicetwomake/makesfour.一些復(fù)數(shù)形式疾病名稱作主語,通常用單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù)也可以.Themeaslesisaninfectious川ness.Mumpsis/arefairlyrareinadults.3-7不定代詞作主語時的謂語形式：由any,some,no,every與body,one,thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語或主語的部分,謂語用單數(shù).Somebody,anyone,nothing,ev

17、eryone1;Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.Theressomethinginterestinginthenewspaper.each,each+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；eachof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)形式.Eacharrivesontime.Eachofthebuildingblocksispaintedadifferentcolour.Eachboyhastriedtwice.Each位于復(fù)數(shù)主語之后,不影響主語的數(shù),e.g.Theboyseachhaveanapple.Either,neither作主語或主語一

18、局部時,謂語用單數(shù)形式：Eitherisacceptable.Eitheroneisgoodenoughforme.Is/areeitherofthemadoctor?Neitheris/aretoblame.Neitheransweriscorrect.Neitherofuswants/wanttodoit.注意,neither,eitherof和neitherof等用于否認(rèn)或疑問句時,特別在口語中,也可以跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語.All,some,more,most作主語或主語一局部時上述+不可數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語用單數(shù)；上述+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式；Allhopehasgone.Somemo

19、neywasspentonbooks.AllroadsleadtoRome.MostArabicspeakersunderstandEgyptian.Allisgoingwell.Theressomeinthepot.Themostyoucanhopeforisfivedollars.Allareagreedonthispoint.Somearewiseandsomeareotherwise.Manypeoplesupporttheproposal,butmoreareagainstit.All,some,more,most與of連用時:同樣原那么；Allofthisisyours.Someo

20、fthebookisgood.Someofthefoodhasbeeneaten,butnotallofit.Mostofhiswritingisrubbish.MostofthebooksonthatshelfareinEnglish,andtherestareinRussianorFrench.None作主語或主語一局部時：-Isthereanymilkinthecup?-No,thereisnone.Nonehavearrived.Nonehasreturnedfromthemeeting.“l(fā)oneof+名詞作主語：Noneofusisperfect.Noneoftheguestswa

21、nttostay.Noneofthismoneyisyours.Noneofthesesuggestionsis/areveryhelpful.Any用作主語或主語一局部：Anyisbetterthannone.Anyisgoodenoughforme.Givemesomeifthereare/isany.Ifthereisanytrouble,letmeknow.Anychildwantstoknowthat.Therearescarcelyanyflowersinthegarden.Anyoftheseauthoritiesare/isreliable.Idontthinkanyofusw

22、ant/wantstoworktomorrow.Isthereanymoreofthisstuff?Half用作主語或主語一局部：Halfwasdamaged.Halfarehere.Ibrokethechocolateintohalves,andheresyourhalf.Halfhistimewaswasted.Halfthesoldierswerekilled.Halfmyclasshas/haveobtaineddriverslicenses.Halfoftheapplewasrotten.Halfofthetimewasspentinthecountry.Halfofthefruit

23、isbad.Halfofmyclasshas/haveobtaineddriverslicenses.Halfofthemarehere.Halfoftheplumsarebad.Enough作主語或主語的一局部：Enoughhasbeensaidonthismatter.Enoughareheretoconstituteaquorum.Thereisenoughfoodforeverybody.Thereareenoughplayersforagame.3-8表示數(shù)量的短語作主語時的謂語形式：Alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分?jǐn)?shù)詞+of,aqua

24、ntityof,quantitiesof作主語的一局部時：Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromArabic-speakingcountries.Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.Lotsofmyfriendsarehere.Therewereaquantityofpeopleinthehall.Agreatdealof,anamountof,(a)littleof,muchof與不可數(shù)名詞連用時,謂語用單數(shù)：Muchofthatfurnitureisuncomfor

25、table.Littleoftheequipmentwasstandardized.Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.Agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用,謂語用復(fù)數(shù).Therewereagreat(good)manypeopleinthepark.Anumberofstudentswereabsent.thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語,由于thenumberof的詞義為“的數(shù)目,如thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.3-9therebe句型中的謂語形式：Therebe句型中,b

26、e的形式通常取決于be后的主語的數(shù)；Therearentanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.Thereisntanymailforyoutoday.ThereYesomegoodprogramsonTV.非正式英語中,如果therebe后是由and連接的并列主語,可以用復(fù)數(shù)謂語,也可以依據(jù)鄰近詞一致的原那么來確定謂語形式.Thereareabluepenandayellownotebookonherdesk.Thereisabluepenandayellownotebookonherdesk.3-10需經(jīng)判斷來確定句子的謂語形式：1 .集合名詞作主語如果集合名詞被看作

27、是一個整體,或一個組織,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theaudiencewasrathersmall.Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.如果著重其各組成局部或成員的行動,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式.Theclasswereallcheerful.Theaudiencewereexcitedbyhisspeech.Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplays.常用集合名詞：Army,audience,club,class,committee,crew,faculty,troop,group,organization,government,jury,public,school,staff,team等；2 .物主代詞作主語Mineisanewbike.Theirsareoldbikes.3 .the+形容詞作主語指人時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Therichgetricherandthep