大學(xué)英語(yǔ)2019年12月四級(jí)真題第3套(2)

1、2019年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題（第三套）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “ Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make things happen." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of being participant

2、s rather than mere onlookers in life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.Part nListening Comprehension(25 minutes)(說(shuō)明：由于2019年12月六級(jí)考試全國(guó)共考了 2套聽(tīng)力，本套真題聽(tīng)力與前2 套內(nèi)容完全一樣，只是順序不一樣，因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn))Part mReading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section A Directions: In this section, there is a

3、passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for ea

4、ch item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Children do not think the way adults do. For most of the first year of life, if something is out of sight, it 'out of

5、 mind. If you cover a baby' $26 toy with a piece of cloth, the baby thinks the toy has disappeared and stops looking for it. A 4-year-old may 27 that a sister has more fruit juice when it is only the shapes of the glasses that differ, not the 28 of juice.Yet children are smart in their own way.

6、Like good little scientists, children are always testing their child-sized 29 about how things work. When your child throws her spoon on the floor for the sixth time as you try to feed her, and you say, “That' s enough! I will not pick up your spoon againthe child will " 30 test your claim.

7、 Are you serious? Are you angry? What will happenif she throws the spoon again? She is not doing this to drive you 31 ; rather, she is learning that her desires and yours can differ, and that sometimes those 32 are important and sometimes they are not.How and why does children ' s thinking chang

8、e? In the 1920s, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget proposed that children cognitive (虱矢口的)abilities unfold 33 , like the blooming of a flower, almost independent of what else is 34 in their lives. Although many of his specific conclusions have been 35 or modified over the years, his ideas inspired thou

9、sands of studies by investigators all over the world.A) advocateI)ImmediatelyB) amountJ) NaturallyC) confirmedK) ObtainingD) crazyL) PrimarilyE) definiteM) ProtestF) differencesN)RejectedG) favoriteO) theoriesH) happeningSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten

10、statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on

11、Answer Sheet 2The Perfect EssayA Looking back on too many years of education, I can identify one truly impossible teacher. She cared about me, and my intellectual life, even when I didn ' Her expectations were high- impossibly so. She was an English teacher. She was also my mother.B When good st

12、udents turn in an essay, they dream of their instructor returning it to them in exactly the same condition, save for a single word added in the margin of the final page “ Flawless. " This dream came true for me one afternoon in the ninth grade. Of course, I had heard that genius could show itse

13、lf at an early age, so I was only slightly taken aback that I had achieved perfection at the tender age of 14. Obviously, I did what any professional writer would do; I hurried off to spread the good news. I didn't get very far. The first person I told was my mother.C My mother, who is just shy

14、of five feet tall, is normally incredibly soft-spoken, but on the rare occasion when she got angry, she was terrifying. I am not sure if she was more upset by my hubris （得意忘形） or by the fact that my Englishteacher had let my ego get so out of hand. In any event, my mother and her red pen showed me h

15、ow deeply flawed a flawless essay could be. At the time, I am sure she thought she was teaching me about mechanics, transitions （過(guò)渡）,structure, style and voice. But what I learned, and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson about the nature of creative cr

16、iticism.D First off, it hurts. Genuine criticism, the type that leaves a lasting mark on you as a writer, also leaves an existentialimprint （印記 ） on you as a person. I have heard people say that a writer should never take criticism personally. I say that we should never listen to these people.E Crit

17、icism, at its best, is deeply personal, and gets to the heart of why we write the way we do. The intimate nature of genuine criticism implies something about who is able to give it, namely, someone who knows you well enough to show you how your mental life is getting in the way of good writing. Conv

18、eniently, they are alsothe people who care enough to see you through this painful realization. For me ittook the form of my first, and I hope only , encounter with writersIbwlwloacsknot able to produce anything for three years.F Franz Kafka once said:“ Writing isoulittuedr e （獨(dú)處）, the descent into t

19、he coldabyss（深涕I） of oneself. My “mother ' s criticisrhad shown me that Kafka is right about the cold abyss, and when you make theintrospective （內(nèi)省的） descent thatwriting requires you are not always pleased by what you find. But, in the years that followed, her sustained tutoring suggested that K

20、afka might be wrong about the solitude. I was lucky enough to find a critic and teacher who was willing to make the journey of writing with me. “ Itis a thing of no great difficulty, according to Plutarch, “ toraise objections against another man sspeech, it is a very easy matter; but to produce a b

21、etter in its place is a work extremely troublesome. ” I am sure I wrote essays in the later years of high school without my mother s guidance, but I can t reWcahlal thIeremm. ember, however, is how she took up the “ extremely troublesome ” work of ongoing criticism.G There are two ways to interpret

22、Plutarch when he suggests that a critic should beable to produce “ a better in its place. ” In a straightforward sense, he could mean that a critic must be more talented than the artist shecritiques （評(píng)論 ）. My mother was well covered on this count. But perhaps Plutarch is suggesting something slightl

23、y different, something a bit closer to Marcus Cicero s claim that one sho“ criticize by creation, not by finding faultccisiomuGenuine criticcisiscreates a preopening for an author to become better on his own terms a process that is often extremely painful, but also almost always meaningful.H My moth

24、er said she would help me with my writing, but first I had to help myself. For each assignment, I was to write the best essay I could. Real criticism is not meant to find obvious mistakes, so if she found any the type I could have found on my own I had to start from scratch. From scratch. Once the e

25、ssay was “ flawless, ” she would take an eveninwgatlok me through my errors. That was when true criticism, the type that changed me as a person, began.I She criticized me when I included little-known references and professional jargon （行話(huà) ）. She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures o

26、f speech. “ Witrers can t bluff （虛張聲勢(shì)） their way through ignorance. T” hat was news to meIwould need to find another way to structure my daily existence.J She trimmed back my flowery language, drew lines through my exclamation marks and argued for the value of restraint in expression. “ John, s”he a

27、lmost whispered. I leaned in to hear her: “ I can t hear you when you shout at me. ” So I stopped shouting and bluffing, and slowly my writing improved.K Somewhere along the way I set aside my hopes of writing that flawless essay. But perhaps I missed something important in my mother s lessons about

28、 creativity andperfection. Perhaps the point of writing the flawless essay was not to give up, but to never willingly finish. Whitman repeatedly reworked “ Songof Myself ” between 1855 and 1891. Repeatedly. We do our absolute best with a piece of writing, and come as close as we can to the ideal. An

29、d, for the time being, we settle. In critique, however, we are forced to depart, to give up the perfection we thought we had achieved for the chance of being even a little bit better. This is the lesson I took from my mother: If perfection were possible, it would not be motivating.36. The author was

30、 advised against the improper use of figures of speech.37. The author s mother tauhgihmt a valuable lesson by pointing out lots of flaws in his seemingly perfect essay.38. A writer should polish his writing repeatedly so as to get closer to perfection.39. Writers may experience periods of time in th

31、eir life when they just can't produce anything.40. The author was not much surprised when his school teacher marked his essay as “ flawless ”.41. Criticizing someone s speech is said to be easier than coming up with a better one.42. The author looks upon his mother as his most demanding and cari

32、ng instructor.43. The criticism the author received from his mother changed him as a person.44. The author gradually improved his writing by avoiding fancy language.45. Constructive criticism gives an author a good start to improve his writing.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this sectio

33、n. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are b

34、ased on the following passage.Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it?It wouldn t be surprising if it were rhdato reproduce in other countries, because you couldn t reproduce it in most of the US eithWehr.at does it take to make a Silicon Valley?It s the r

35、ight peopIlfey. ou could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley.You only need two kinds of people to create a technologyhub (中心): rich peopleand nerds (癡迷科研的人).Observation bears this out. Within the US, towns have become startup

36、hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds. Few startups happen in Miami, for example, because although it s full of rich people, it has feIwt nesrdnso.t the kind of place nerds like.Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people. The top US Computer S

37、cience departmentsare said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon. MIT yielded Route 128. Stanford and Berkeley yielded SiliconValley. But what did Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh? And what happened in Ithaca, home of Cornell University, which is also high on the list?I grew up in Pi

38、ttsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both. The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there nos interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in Boston. Rich people don t waonltivte in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there are plenty of hackers (電腦迷) who could

39、start startups, there sno one to invest in them.Do you really need the rich people? Wouldn it work to have the government invest in the nerds? No, it would not. Startup investors are a distinct type of rich people. They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business. This hel

40、ps them pick the right startups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money. And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.46. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?A) Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.B) I

41、t is the biggest technology hub in the US.C) Its fame in high technology is incomparable.D) It leads the world in information technology.47. What makes Miami unfit to produce a Silicon Valley?A) Lack of incentive for investment.B) Lack of the right kind of talents.C) Lack of government support.D) La

42、ck of famous universities.48. In what way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford, Berkeley and MIT?A) Its location is not as attractive to rich people.B) Its science departments are not nearly as good.C) It does not produce computer hackers and nerds.D) It does not pay much attention to business

43、 startups.49. What does the author imply about Boston?A) It has pleasant weather all year round.B) It produces wealth as well as high-tech.C) It is not likely to attract lots of investors and nerds.D) It is an old city with many sites of historical interest.50. What does the author say about startup

44、 investors?A) They are especially wise in making investments.B) They have good connections in the government.C) They can do more than providing money.D) They are rich enough to invest in nerds.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It nsice to have people of like mind aroun

45、d. Agreeable people boost your confidence and allow you to relax and feel comfortable. Unfortunately, that comfort can hinder the very learning that can expand your company and your career.It s nice to have people agree, but you need conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth. If everyone around

46、you has similar views, your work will suffer from confirmation bias (偏頗).Take a look at your own network. Do your contacts share your point of view on most subjects? If yes, it s time to shakeAtshianglesaudpe.r, it can be challenging to create an environment in which people will freely disagree and

47、argue, but as the saying goes: From confrontation comes brilliance.It nsot easy for most people to actively seek conflict. Many spend their lives trying to avoid arguments. There s no need tgoo out and find people you hate, but you need to do some self-assessment todetermine where you have become st

48、ale in your thinking. You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.Passionate, energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective. But it does require moral strength. Once you have worthy opponents, set some ground rules so ev

49、eryone understands responsibilities and boundaries. The objective of this debating game is not to win but to get to the truth that will allow you to move faster, farther, and better.Fierce debating can hurt feelings, particularly when strong personalities are involved. Make sure you check in with yo

50、ur opponents so that they are not carrying the emotion of the battles beyond the battlefield. Break the tension with smiles and humor to reinforce the idea that this is friendly discourse and that all are working toward a common goal.Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached. Let your sparring partn