大學(xué)英語四級考試 閱讀模擬試題

1、大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀模擬試題Passage One Conflict between President Johnson and Congress摘要：約翰遜總統(tǒng)贊成對南方采取寬松政策,而國會則傾向于采取懲罰性方案。他們之間的意見是針鋒相對的。 Another example of the exercise of power by Congress was the action it took during the Reconstruction Period after the Civil War. It has already been noted that President Johnso

2、n favored a lenient policy toward the South and attempted to carry on Lincolns “10 per cent plan.” He pardoned most of the Southern leaders and permitted them to restore their state governments. They were permitted to elect Senators and Representatives.Congress, however, led by the Radical Republica

3、n Thaddeus Stevens, had other ideas about the handling of the defeated Confederacy. Congress favored punitive policies. The South should be treated as conquered territory, and its readmission should be handled by Congress rather than the President. Congress opposed the “Johnson Government” and the “

4、Black Codes” passed by Southern states which virtually restored former slaves to their masters. Accordingly, it passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867. This measure divided the south into five military districts and provided that a seceded state would be readmitted in the Union only after it had rati

5、fied the 14th Amendment which provided that all persons born or naturalized in the United States should be citizens of the United States and of the state in which they resided; granted equality before the law to all persons; and prohibited a state from depriving any person of life, liberty, or prope

6、rty without due process of law. Congress also barred rebel leaders from federal office, repudiated the Confederate debt, and reduced the representation of states which barred qualified person from voting. Later it adopted the 15th Amendment guaranteeing the Negroes the right to vote.Johnson vigorous

7、ly opposed these measures. He vetoed the Reconstruction Act and others, only to see Congress repass them over his veto. After such passage of the Tenure of Office Act, Johnson, believing it unconstitutional, violated it and removed a member of his Cabinet without consulting Congress. The House of Re

8、presentatives proceeded to impeach Johnson. The Senate, however, failed, by one vote, to reach the two-thirds majority necessary for his removal. Notes: 1. lenient adj. 寬大的，仁慈的，慈悲為懷的2. Punitive adj. 刑罰的，懲罰性的3. Secede vi. 正式脫離或退出，分離4. repudiate v. 批判 1. The title most suitable for the passage isA) Th

9、e Power of CongressB) The impeachment of President JohnsonC) Conflict between president Johnson and congressD) The Power of Congress during the Reconstruction Period 2. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passageA) President Johnson believed that the Reconstruction Act of 1867

10、 should be carried out.B) Johnson failed to be impeached because anyhow the President should have more power than Congress.C) The states which seceded could be admitted to the Union on the condition that they approve of the 14thAmendment.D) The President doesnt have the right to remove a Cabinet mem

11、ber without consulting Congress. 3. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 _A) affirmed the “Black Codes”.B) Was vetoed by the President.C) Was lenient in the treatment of the seceded states.D) Was declared unconstitutional by the President.4. Which of the following statements is not true according to the p

12、assage?A) All those who are born in America are regarded as American citizens.B) Congress stipulated that leaders of Confederacy shouldnt enter upon federal office.C) Negroes didnt have the right to vote until the 15th Amendment was passed.D) A state cant deprive any person of liberty 5. The paragra

13、ph preceeding this passage is most likely concerned with _.A) the situation during the Civil WarB) President Johnsons anecdotesC) Presidents powerD) The exercise of power by Congress 答案：Passage one 1. C. 本文共三段，第一段總括 Congress具有一定的權(quán)威，President Johnson 對南方采取寬松政策。第二段專門講Congress。第三段寫了Johnson，他們之間的意見是針鋒相對

14、的，故選項(xiàng)C最為合適。2. D. 參見第三段第三、四句話。Johnson擅自罷免內(nèi)閣成員，下院馬上就彈劾總統(tǒng)，說明Johnson這樣做屬于越權(quán)行為。3. B. 參見第三段第二句話，Johnson次開發(fā)否決了這一法令和其它一些法令。4. D. 參見第二段后半部分，D）選項(xiàng)錯誤，個(gè)州當(dāng)然有權(quán)剝奪罪犯的自由權(quán)，只是要依照法律行事，而不是任意剝奪。5D. 參見文章第一句話?！癆nother example” 說明在這之前已經(jīng)提到過國會行使權(quán)力的一個(gè)例子。Passage Two Air Bags摘要：全文主要講述的是氣袋的發(fā)明原因和功用.由于交通事故不斷出現(xiàn)，美國政府及私人企業(yè)共同發(fā)明了一種裝置，即氣袋

15、。它在人與汽車之間起著護(hù)墊的作用。Car crashes are the leading cause of death among Americans from one to thirty-four. About 60 people are killed daily in front seats of cars, and more than 800 people are injured seriously. These deaths and injuries occur because the cars occupants crash into its interior after the v

16、ehicle hits an object and stops. At 30 miles per hour, an unprotected passenger weighing 150 pounds crashes with a force of 4,500 pounds into the steeling wheel, dashboard, or windshield, or is thrown through the car window.For many years, government agencies and private companies have worked togeth

17、er to develop a device that will protect the occupants of a car automatically during a crash. This research has led to the air bag-an automatic crash protection system that is quicker than the blink of an eye.An air bag is a safety device that is built into the steering wheel or dashboard of a car.

18、In a serious crash of the front of the car-equal to hitting a brick wall at a speed greater than 12 miles per hour-a crash sensor activates the air bag. The sensors are switches that are activated by a crash. The sensors can tell the difference between impacts that should inflate the bag (those seve

19、re enough to cause injury) and those not intended to inflate the bag (fender-benders in parking lots, or fast stops). The bag inflates within one-tenth of a second and creates a protective pad between the person and the car. The air bag inflates and deflates rapidly. The cycle is over in less than o

20、ne second.Air bags are now available in some car models. Many manufacturers plan to offer air bag systems over the next few years. They are an effective form of protection. But for full protection in all kinds of crashes, lap and shoulder safety belts must be used with the air bag. Notes:1. dashboar

21、d n. 擋泥板2. fender-bender n. 折彎裝置3. pad n. 護(hù)墊 1. What is the passage mainly about?A) car crashesB) safety beltsC) inflation and deflation in a car.D) air bags2. How long does it take an air bag to inflate and deflate? A) 10 seconds B) longer than 1 minute C) less than one second D) 12 seconds3. Which

22、 part of the body were air bags designed to protect?A) the legs B) the head C) the back D) the feet 4. What is the major function of the sensors, according to the passage?A) The sensors form an automatic crash protection system.B) The sensors are switches that are activated by a crash.C) The sensors

23、 can tell the difference between serious impact and slight impacts.D) The sensor activates the air bag. 5. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A) The sensors that activate air bags do not work very well.B) People need to use safety belts in order to protect themselves fro

24、m death or injury while riding in a car.C) Air bags can reduce the number of deaths and injuries from automobile accidents.D) The methods used to test the safety of cars need to be changed. 答案：Passage two1. D. 全文主要講述的是氣袋的發(fā)明與功用，因而選A）。2. C. 第三段最后兩句表明氣袋鼓起和縮小只需要不到1秒鐘的時(shí)間，因而C）正確。3. B. 從文中第三段第一句可知?dú)獯姆胖梦恢檬瞧?/p>

25、車的駕駛盤或擋泥板里，本段第八行又說氣袋為人和車之間提供了一個(gè)保護(hù)墊，從這兩點(diǎn)可推測氣袋是主要保護(hù)人的上半身的，尤其是頭，因而選B）。4. D. 此題問感受器的功用。 B，C不是功用，是原理。因而選D。5. C. 本文主要討論的是氣袋的作用與原理，只有C主要談及氣袋。Passage 3: Policy against Smoking 摘要：全文中作者冷嘲熱諷，抨擊了各國政府在禁煙問題上的曖昧態(tài)度和不十分有效的政策，指出這些政策的長遠(yuǎn)后果，意在敦促各國政府正視現(xiàn)實(shí)，盡快采取強(qiáng)有力的禁煙措施。 If you smoke and you still dont believe that theres

26、a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This neednt make you too uncomfortable because you are in

27、 good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell on evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain, for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience o

28、f the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.You dont have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so luke-warm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. Its almost like a

29、tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivably, be harmful, it doesnt do to shout too loudly about it.This is surely

30、 the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives a

31、re lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.Of course, we are not ready for such drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, youd think theyd conduct aggressi

32、ve anti-smoking campaigns: Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisements alway

33、s depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is mainly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense!Notes:1. bronchial adj. 支氣管的2. hypocrisy n. 虛偽3. luke-warm adj. 擁護(hù)和反對都不熱心的4.

34、 conceivably adj. 可以想象的 1.What do you think is the authors intention to write the article?A) To urge governments to conduct serious campaigns against smoking.B) To emphasize the harm smoking does to man.C) To show why governments are reluctant to fight against smoking.D) To urge smokers to give up s

35、moking.2.We can infer from the passage that the authors attitude towards those who are still suspicious of the negative effects of smoking is _.A) sympathetic B) friendly C) luke-warm D) sarcastic3.Whats the indication of the advertisements by the tobacco industry?A) It is unhealthy to smoke.B) Smok

36、ing belongs to the upper class alone.C) It is mainly to smoke, even positively healthy.D) Cigarettes do not cost as much as you have imagined.4.The author would probably describe the British governments policy concerning smoking as _.A) short-sighted B) satisfactory C) effective D) popular 5.All of

37、the following statements are correct EXCEPT _.A) governments collect a great amount of money from the tobacco industry.B) Most governments hold ambiguous attitudes toward new findings about the harm of smoking.C) Some governments have taken radical measures against smoking.D) Advertisements by tobac

38、co industry are quite dishonest. 答案：Passage Three 1 A. 全文中作者冷嘲熱諷，抨擊了各國政府在禁煙問題上的曖昧態(tài)度和不十分有效的政策，指出這些政策的長遠(yuǎn)惡果，意在敦促個(gè)國政府正視現(xiàn)實(shí)，盡快采取強(qiáng)有力的禁煙措施。B、C均不全面。D指向了個(gè)人，而本文指向的是政府。2 D. sarcastic意為“嘲諷的”，見第一段前三句：“。毫無疑問，你是在自欺欺人。沒人會指責(zé)你虛偽，讓我們這么說吧，你不過是胡思亂想昏了頭。”wishful thinking” :thinking or believing that something is true, beca

39、use one wishes it were true. 3 C. 最后一段后半段中，作者指出政府的一個(gè)失責(zé)之處，即允許香煙廣告的存在，這些廣告誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)派，使人產(chǎn)生吸煙體現(xiàn)男子漢氣質(zhì)，甚至健康體魄的錯覺。A正好相反。B、D文中未涉及。4 A. Short-sighted從“近視”引伸為“沒有遠(yuǎn)見”，見第一段最后一句及第三段第一句。盡管英國政府禁止香煙廣告，但它沒有更激烈的禁煙措施，所以作者仍然不滿。5 C. 第一段講“只有少數(shù)政府采取了相當(dāng)保守的措施”。Timid意為“膽怯的”。B見第二段luke-warm（擁護(hù)或反對都不熱心的，曖昧的）這個(gè)詞。A見第二段。D是第四段“dishonest”和

40、“utter nonsense”兩詞。Passage Four On Laziness摘要： 懶惰既有缺點(diǎn)又有優(yōu)點(diǎn)。懶惰可能帶來許多壞處同時(shí)也是一種疾病。但懶惰也有許多益處：一些偉大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)等都是偶然或是在某人游手好閑時(shí)完成的。Laziness is a sin. Everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything

41、in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any

42、group task for fear of ridicule or fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are also busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever “l(fā)esser” work is on hand. Still other

43、people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating-rescheduling their day.Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators, some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating, and researching. We should all remember that some great sc

44、ientific discoveries occurred by chance or while someone was “ goofing off”. Newton wasnt working in the orchard when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone “l(fā)azy” build the car or stove we buy, particularly if that “ laziness” were caused by the

45、 workers taking time to check each step of his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being “l(fā)azy”-that is , taking time off for a rest-is good for overworked student or executive. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the athlete who is trying too hard or the doctor whos simply working

46、 himself overtime too many evenings, at the clinic. So be careful when you are tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next book.Notes: 1. procrastinate v. 延遲2. procrastinator n. 拖延者3. goofing off 游手好閑1 The main idea of this passage is that _.A) laz

47、iness is a moral sinB) there are advantages and disadvantages in being lazy C) laziness is a sign of deep-seated emotional problemsD) lazy people do more careful work 2. The passage states that _.A) laziness is a diseaseB) some people appear lazy because they are insecureC) laziness is more benefici

48、al than harmfulD) a good definition of laziness is emotional illness 3. Which of the following conclusion does the passage support?A) The word laziness is sometimes applied incorrectly.B) Most of the time laziness is a virtue.C) Most assembly line workers are lazy.D) Most insecure people are lazy. 4

49、. The final paragraph is _.A) somberB) humorousC) seriousD) trite （陳腐的） 5. The word “devised” in Paragraph 2 means _.A) formulatedB) understoodC) wroteD) proved 答案：Passage four1. B. 此題考察歸納能力。通讀全文，不難得出第一段為缺點(diǎn)，第二段為優(yōu)點(diǎn)。所以B是正確答案。2. D. 此題可用排除法解題。選項(xiàng)A，B，C在文中均未提及，都應(yīng)被排除，故選D。3. A. 此題可用排除法解題。選項(xiàng)B，C，D在文中均未提及，都應(yīng)被排除

50、，故選A。4. B. 通讀第二段，可知作者用一種輕松詼諧的筆觸把懶惰和成功聯(lián)系起來說明懶惰的益處，觀點(diǎn)頗為新穎，其筆調(diào)既不是憂郁、嚴(yán)肅，也不是陳腐的，因此選B。5. A. 根據(jù)短文第二段第四句，答案為A。 Passage Five Fight for Freedom摘要：本文是一篇演講詞。全文鼓勵美國士兵為自由而戰(zhàn)。The time is now near a hand which must probably determine whether Americans are to be freemen or slaves; whether they are to have any propert

51、y they can call their own; whether their houses and farms are to be pillaged and destroyed, and themselves consigned to a state of wretchedness from which no human efforts will deliver them. The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel an

52、d unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of a brave resistance or the most abject submission. We have, therefore, to resolve to conquer to die.Our own, out countrys honor, calls upon us for a vigorous and manly exertion; and if we now shamefully fail, we shall become infamous to the whole world

53、. Let us then rely on the goodness of our cause, and the aid of the Supreme Being, in whose hands victory is, to animate and encourage us to great and noble actions. The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have their blessing and praises, if happily we are the instruments of sav

54、ing them from the tyranny meditated against them. Let us animate and encourage each other, and show the whole world that a free man contending for liberty on his own ground is superior to any slavish mercenary on earth.Liberty, property, life, and honor are all at stake, upon your courage and conduc

55、t rest the hopes of our bleeding and insulted country; our wives, children, and parents except safety from us, only; and they have every reason to believe that Heaven will crown with success so just a cause.The enemy will endeavor to intimidate by show and appearance; but , remember, they have been

56、repulsed on various occasions by a few brave Americans, their cause is bad-their men are conscious of it; and if opposed with firmness and coolness on their fist onset, with our advantage of works, and knowledge of the ground, the victory is most assuredly ours. Every good soldier will be silent and attentive-wait for orders, and reserve his fire until he is sure of doing execution.Notes:1. consign vt. 陷入2. slavish mercenary 雇傭兵 1. Judging from the style of writing, this passage is most probably a _.A) story B) letter C) speech D) report2.