2018高考英語(yǔ)專題訓(xùn)練之-名詞性從句

1、2019高考英語(yǔ)專題訓(xùn)練之專題八名詞性從句名詞性從何：根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分為：簡(jiǎn)單句一一一主一謂并列句由等立連詞and,but,so,for把兩個(gè)（以上）的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。復(fù)合句一個(gè)主句+從句（一個(gè)或以上）構(gòu)成。定義根據(jù)從句在復(fù)合句中的作用，分為名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句?？偸? .主語(yǔ)從句一一在句中作主語(yǔ)，可用it作形式主語(yǔ)e.g.Whatyousaidsoundsreasonable.Itiswellknown/reported/thought/said/Itisnatural/surprising/necessary/cert

2、ain/true/clearItisapity/ashame/anhonour/nosurprise/nowonderItdoesn'tmatterwhetherItseemsappearsthat-Ithappensthat碰巧2 .表語(yǔ)從句位于系動(dòng)詞之后，表語(yǔ)從句還可用asif/asthough/because/why弓I導(dǎo)e.g.Thequestioniswhocancompletethedifficulttask.3 .同位語(yǔ)從句跟在名詞后面，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。名詞主要有：fact,news（word）promise,idea,truth,thought,sugges

3、tion,hope,proposal,doubt等。一般用that弓I導(dǎo)，不省略，不用which.也可用whether（不用if）,who,what,which,when,where,how,whye.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.4 .賓語(yǔ)從句1）作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)（it可作形式賓語(yǔ)；注意whether和if區(qū)別）2）直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)Idoubtwhetherifhewillkeephisword.Idon'tdoubtthatourteamwillwin.一.引導(dǎo)詞1 .從屬連詞有that,whether,ifo它們只起連接

4、作用，不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分2 .連接代詞有who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever,whichever等。它們?cè)趶木渲衅疬B接作第1頁(yè)用，本身又作從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)或定語(yǔ)。3 .連接副詞有when,where,why,how等，它們既起連接作用，本身又作從句的狀語(yǔ)。howmany(much,far,long,often,soon)等弓I導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)從句二.語(yǔ)序：名詞性從句中一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序Whenhewillarriveisnotknown.Idon'tknowhowIcangetthroughtheexam.三.時(shí)態(tài)1 .在賓語(yǔ)從句

5、中，當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其從句的謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)各種需要用各種時(shí)態(tài)Maryisverydiligent.rMarywasverydiligent.MaryisreadingEnglish.TomsaidMarywasreadingEnglish.<TomsaysMarywillgiveusatalk.Marywouldgiveusatalk.Maryhasbeencaughtintherain.IMaryhadbeencaughtintherain.但是，賓語(yǔ)從句表示事實(shí)、格言、諺語(yǔ)等，從句的時(shí)態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2 .在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中，也要注意主從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要一致，關(guān)鍵要注意

6、動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后。Whowillwinthefirstprizeinthecontestisnotknowntous.Haveyouanyideawhyhewassorude?四、語(yǔ)氣1.只要表示“命令、建議、要求”的各類名詞性從句，都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。五.賓語(yǔ)從句否定詞的轉(zhuǎn)移六、if和whether表“是否"，一般情況下可以通用，下列情況下不可通用。1.主語(yǔ)從句句首2.表語(yǔ)從句3.介詞之后4.不定式之前5.緊跟ornot6.同位語(yǔ)從句7.賓語(yǔ)從句前移Whethershewillwinthegame,I'mnotsure.七.that和w

7、hatthat不充當(dāng)任彳成分，what可以在從句中充當(dāng)成分：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。that在賓語(yǔ)從句中可以省略。下面幾種情況不可以省略：1.主語(yǔ)從句2.表語(yǔ)從句3 .同位語(yǔ)從句OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects.4 .it作形式賓語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的真正賓語(yǔ)從句Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantandnecessaryjob.5 .兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，只有第一個(gè)that可省Mr.smitht

8、oldtheworkers(that)Johnhadworkedveryhardandthathewantedhimstay.八.1.Whoever=anyonewho,whichever,whatever=anythingthat=名詞/代詞+(相關(guān)的)連接代詞Hegavewhoevercametothedoorasmile.=Hegaveanypersonwhocametothedoorasmile.比較：Heaskedmewhobroketheglass.Heaskedmewhoeverbroketheglass.Whoevergoesagainstlawshallbepunished.

9、Whogoesagainstlawshallbepunished.2.wh-ever與nomatterwh-的用法區(qū)別wh-ever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；nomatterwh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句WhateverIsaid,hewouldn'tlistentom=NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn'tlistentome.HewouldbelievewhateverIsaid.九.同位語(yǔ)從句的that和定語(yǔ)從句的that的區(qū)別1. Thenewsthatourteamhadwonmadeusveryhappy.同位語(yǔ)從句，that在抽象名次之后，對(duì)其

10、作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，不可省2. Thenews(that)hebroughtusmadeusveryhappy.定語(yǔ)從句，that在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)可省。名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納一、名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序：陳述語(yǔ)序(1)that和whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句Shesensedsomething.AtallmaninadarkcoatwasstaringatherShesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoatShewondered.Wouldthebusesstillberunning?Shewonderedif/whe

11、therthebuseswouldstillberunning.2)疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句也要求使用陳述句語(yǔ)序，不能用一般疑問(wèn)句(倒裝)語(yǔ)序。他是怎么成功的仍然是個(gè)謎。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎？Couldyoutellmewherehelives?Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?1.主語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分1) .Thathewillsucceediscertain.2) Whetherhewillgothereisnotkn

12、own.3) Whathesaidisnottrue.4) Wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5) Whoevercomesiswelcome.6) It'scertainthathewillsucceed.7) Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.8) Whenthey'llstarttheprojeasnotbeendecidedyet.由that引導(dǎo)：1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.1.15 knowntoall.(地球是圓的)1.16 apity.(你錯(cuò)

13、過(guò)了這次機(jī)會(huì))Keys2. Thattheearthisround3. Thatyoumissedthechance考點(diǎn)一：主語(yǔ)從句后置！為了避免主語(yǔ)冗長(zhǎng)，句子頭重腳輕，經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在后面作真正的主語(yǔ)。例：Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-It'scertainthatweshallbeeat1. Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.2. Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.由連詞whether和if,連接代詞what,who,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how等引導(dǎo)也常

14、常后置：Itdoesn'tmatterif/whetherheisaforeigner.Itisaquestionwhetherheiswillingtocome.ItisunknownhowshehasreducedherweightinsuchashorttimeIt的用法：（形式主語(yǔ)）It'possible/important/necessary/clear很可能thSI要的是/必要的是/很清楚It'ssaid/reported據(jù)說(shuō)thO版道It'sbeenannounced/declaredthOtil通知/宣布一Itseems/appeas/happe

15、ns.that顯然明顯、碰巧.It'snowondertha并不奇怪/無(wú)疑It'sapity/afact/acommonknowledge）（所周知）/acommonsaying1（俗話說(shuō)）Itiswellknown/reported/thought/saidthatItisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtfulthatItisapity/ashame/anhonour/thatItdoesn'tmatterwhetherItseemsthatIthappensthat考點(diǎn)二注意：主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)What引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，

16、可根據(jù)表語(yǔ)決定Whatheneeds_is_thatbook?Whatheneeds_are_somebook?賓語(yǔ)從句：1.從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分（可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、形容詞，不定式等非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)）連詞：that,whether,if（that常可省略）who,what,which,whoever,whatever,when,where,why,how1） .Theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem.2） .Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.3） Iamafraidthathedidn'tcallme.4） .

17、Hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.5） .Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework.用if或whether填空1. Idon'tknowI'llbefreetomorrow.2. Idon'tknowornotI'llbefreetomorrow.3. Thequestionisthisbookisworthwriting.4. Itdependsonwewillhaveenoughmoney.5. theycandoitmatters

18、littletous.6. youarenotfreetomorrow,I'llgowithoutyou2).that在賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略與保留a.在主+謂+it(形式賓語(yǔ))+賓補(bǔ)+that從句(真正賓語(yǔ))的句型中不省略.eg:Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.Idon'tthinkitrighhatyouleavehomewithouttellingyourparents.b.由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，第二個(gè)that不省略.eg:Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcome

19、ontime.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)1 .如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài)a他相信他的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的.Hebelieves.b.請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么.Pleasetellme.2 .如果主句謂語(yǔ)是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，但從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然規(guī)律等時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。1) .他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備。Hetoldme.2) .他說(shuō)他已離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)十年了。Hetoldme.3) .老師告訴我們光是沿直線運(yùn)行的。Theteachertellus.作用：對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。3 .表語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分，一

20、般放在連系動(dòng)詞之后連接詞：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句）連接代詞：who/whom/whose/which/what連接副詞：when/where/why/how/becauseThequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That'sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That'swhyIwaslate.because,asif也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句：1. Heisabsenttoday.It'sheisserio

21、uslyill.2. Itlooksit'sgoingtorainagain.TrueorFalse:Hersuggestionisthatwewilldoitbyturns.Hersuggestionisthatwedoitbyturns.4 .同位語(yǔ)從句：從句在句中充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名詞(idea,belief,fact;truth,problem,news等)后面，對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明同位語(yǔ)從句常用that引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when/where/why/how/whether1) Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoice

22、ssurprisesmanypeople.2) WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.3) .SydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucietomakesureofherhappiness.三、同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別1 .同位語(yǔ)從句的格式：n.+連接詞+從句2 .能接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有：fact、idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等3 .連接詞通常是that,也可根據(jù)含義選用whethe

23、r,what,when,where等來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。選詞填空that/whether/where/how1. Ihavenoideahecomesfrom.2. Hecan'tanswerthequestionhegotthemoney.3. Hegaveusmanysuggestionsweshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.4. Ihavenodoubthewillwin.5. Ihavesomedoubthewillwin.真題典例1. 2019?重慶卷struckmemostinthemoviewasthefather'sdee

24、ploveforhisson.A.ThatB.ItC.WhatD.Which2. 2019?山東卷It'sgoodtoknowthedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe'reaway.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that3. 2019?陜西卷Itremainstobeseenthenewlyformedcommittee'spolicycanbeputintopractice.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether4. 2019?四川卷yousaidatthemeetingdescribesabrightfutur

25、eforthecompany.A.WhenB.HowC.WhatD.That5. 2019?北京卷Expertsbelievepeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.A.whyB.whereC.thatD.what6. 2019?江西卷oneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.A.WhoeverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Wherever7. 2019?浙江卷Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief

26、youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.A.howB.thatC.whichD.whether8. 2019?新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷IPolicehavefoundappearstobethelostancientstatue.A.whichB.whereC.howD.what9. 2019?安徽卷Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.A.whyB.howC.becauseD.whether10. .2019?湖南卷Donot

27、letanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellcloseyoumaybetovictory.A.howB.thatC.whichD.where新題預(yù)測(cè)1. IthasbeenprovedseveralnewkindsofmedicinehaveapositiveeffectonthecureofH7N9.A.whichB.ifC.thatD.because2. Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtismymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD.wh

28、at3. Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A.whichB.thatC.asD.what4. It'snolongeraquestionnowmancanlandonthemoon.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.what5. MoYanhadbeenawardedthe2019NobelPrizeforLiteraturemadeusveryproud.A.AsB.ThatC.WhichD.What6. Thenewcomerwenttothelibr

29、arytheotherdayandsearchedforhecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.A.whereverB.HoweverC.whateverD.whichever7. NewsgotaroundquicklyagunmanwentonashootingrampageatamovietheatreinAurora,Colorado.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when8. Romneywasaskedhewouldensureequalpayforwomen.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.how9. Hestaredattheemptybott

30、leforawhile,feelinghappythathehadsentthebutterflybackitbelongednature.A.towhichB.thatC.whichD.towhere10. Afterfivehours'drive,theyreachedtheythoughtwastheplacetheyhadbeendreamingof.A.whereB.whatC.whichD.that課后練習(xí)1 .We'vejustheardawarningontheradioatyphoonmaybeonitsway.A.whatB.WhenC.whichD.that2 .Manyonlinegamesarefullofviolence,whichdoharmtothedevelopmentofthechildren.Andthat'smyconcernlies.A