人教版高中英語語法專項情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣

1、第六講情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣,學生用書P280P283)、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法情態(tài)動詞用法例句must(1)表7K禁止(附于否定句)。Youmustn'tparkhere!It'sanemergencyexit.(2)表必要性，意為“必須”。ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?-Iamafraidyoumust,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.表示偏執(zhí)，固執(zhí)，意為“非得，偏要”。Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.can和could(1)表示“能

2、力”。-NoonecanbecomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.Oh,youarereallyhisbigfan.(2)表示驚訝，常用在否定句和疑問句中。Howcouldyoudosuchasillything?(3)表示禮貌地請求別人做某事，Thisdishisreallydelicious.CouldyoupleasesayitinChinese?意為“能，可以”。Sure,wecallit“doufu".(4)cannottoo/enough表/、無論也不過分；越越好”。Youcan'tbetoocarefulwhiledriv

3、ing.情態(tài)動詞用法例句shall(1)用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽hallIgooutforawalkaftersupper?(2)用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?一OK.Youshallhaveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.may和might(1)may和might表小許可”、“可能性”、“祝愿”等意義。MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?-No,youmustn't.Youreadi

4、tinhere.(2)“mayaswell+動詞原形”意為“最好，倒不如”。Ifyouthinkthepriceofbeefistoohigh,youmayaswellbuysomepork.Itdependsonyou.will和would表示思志、思愿和決心。一Whydidn'tyoucometoSimon'spartylastnight?-Iwantedto,butmymomsimplywouldnotletmeoutsolateatnight.Ihavetoldhimagainandagaintostopsmoking,buthewillnotlisten.(2)wil

5、l可以表小,種刁忸的動作，有“總是”或“總要”之意。Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.(3)would可以表小過去的習慣動作，比usedto正式，但沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習慣”的含義。Whenweworkedinthesamefirmseveralyearsago,wewouldoftengotothecinematogether.、情態(tài)動詞表推測情態(tài)動詞用法例句mustmust表示推測時只能用于肯定句中,意為“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的語氣(在疑問句中或否定句中要用can/could)。It'stheoffice!Soyoumustknow

6、eatingisnotallowedhere.-Oh,sorry.can(1)can用于肯定句中表示客觀的可能性，意為“有時會”；(2)用于疑問句中可以表示推測，意為“可能”，有時表示一種驚訝的語氣；ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitcanberathercoldsometimes.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.Howcanitbethathewaslateforthemeeting?用于否定句中也可以表示推測，can't意為“不可能”，語氣很強烈。（2014高考重慶卷）Halfanhourlater,Lucys

7、tillcouldn'tgetataxiwherethebushaddroppedher.may/might(1)may/might用于肯te句中可以用來表示不十分肯定的推測，意為“有可能”；(2)用于否te句中也可以表示推測，maynot意為“可能不:表示一種不太確定的語氣。（2013北）Youneedn;ttakeanumbre11a.itisn'tgoingtorain.一Well,Idon'tknow.itmightdo.shouldshould用來表示推測時意為“應該”，即含有“按道理來說應當如此”的意思。Thereshouldn'tbeanydiff

8、icultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.、情態(tài)動詞+havedone情態(tài)動詞+havedone用法例句musthavedone表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進行推測，意為做了某事”。Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.Hemusthavedrunktoomuchatthepartylastnight.may/mighthavedone表示對過去已發(fā)生行為的推測，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)(沒有)”。一般用于肯定句或否定句中。Sorry,I，mlate.Imighthaveturne

9、doffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.can.havedone/cannothavedone表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑問句中。Ican'tfindhimanywhere.Wherecanhehavegone?(can換成could時語氣較委婉)Theboycan'thavefinishedreadingthebooksosoonbecauseitisdifficulteventoanadult.couldhavedone本來能夠而沒有做（2014高考福建卷）Hecouldhavegoneonregretti

10、ngit,astoomanyofusdo.mighthavedone表不本來可能，但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事情。Youshouldnotswiminthatsea.Youmighthavebeeneatenbyashark.should/oughttohavedone用于肯定句時,表示本該做某事而實際上未做；(2)附十否定句時，則表7K不該做的事反而做了。 Youshouldn'thavedoneitsocarelessly. Yououghttohavereturnedthebookearlier. Yououghtnottohaverefusedhisoffer.needn'th

11、avedone表不做了本來不必去做的事，“沒必要做而做了”?！緶剀疤崾尽縟idn'tneedtodo表示“沒必要做而實際上也沒有做某事”。 Youneedn'havebroughtthebookbecauseTomhasonehere. Ididn'needtobuythedictionary.Ihadacopyathome.四、if條件從句中的虛擬語氣類別用法例句if引導的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句謂語動詞：過去式（be用were）主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfIhadtime,Iw

12、ouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.與過去事實相反從句謂語動詞：had+過去分詞主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞Ifithadnotrainedsohardyesterdaywecouldhaveplayedtennis.與將實相反從句謂語動詞：過去式/were+不定式/should+動詞原形主句謂語動詞：should/would/could/might+動詞原形Gracedoesn'twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifsheweretolivethere,shew

13、ouldn'tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.if引導的條件從句的倒裝如果在表示虛擬語氣的條件句中含有were,had或should,可將if省略，然后將were,had或should移至主語之前。Hadwemadeagreateffortwemighthavesucceeded.(=Ifwehadmadeagreateffort.)混合條件句的虛擬語氣有時條件句的動作與主句動作發(fā)生的時間不T,這時動詞的形式應根據(jù)它們表示的時間加以調(diào)整。(2013)IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he

14、wouldbeabletospeakitmuchbetternow.五、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的應用類別用法例句demand,suggest,order,insist后接的Teachersrecommendparentsnotallow從句中動詞為"(should+)動詞原theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.賓語形”。wish后的從句中的謂語可用一般過去-Howmuchoftheforeignexpert'sspeechhaveyouunderstood?Nexttonothing.IwishIhadwork

15、edharderatEnglish.從句時、過去元成時和should/would+動詞原形，它們分別表示與現(xiàn)在、過去和將來情況相反。主語從句在"Itisnecessary/important/strange/suggested/demanded/ordered/requested+that從句”中，從句中的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形。Itisstrangethatsuchaperson(should)beourfriend.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.在suggestion,proposal,o

16、rder,plan,表語從句idea,request,advice等名詞后的表語Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.和同位語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其Weallagreedtohissuggestionthat從句構(gòu)成是"should+動詞原形"，shouldwe(should)gotoDalianforavisit.可以省略(2013高考浙江卷)Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild'firsteyeexambeattheageofsixmonthsold.眼科醫(yī)生建議孩

17、子第一次視力檢查應該在六個月大的時候進行。(2013高考陜西卷)Mymomsuggeststhatweshouldeatoutforachangethisweekend.我媽媽建議這個周末出去吃飯，換換口味。六、其他句型中的虛擬語氣類別用法例句It'stimethat.Itis（high）time（that）.句型中謂語動詞用一般過去時或should+動詞原形。Jackisagreattalker.It'shightimethathedid/shoulddosomethinginsteadofjusttalking.wouldratherwouldrather所接的從句中的謂語

18、動詞用一般過去時（對現(xiàn)在虛擬）或者過去完成時（對過去虛擬）。Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.ifonlyifonly后面的謂語動詞常用一般過去時（對現(xiàn)在虛擬卜過去完成時（對過去虛擬）與過去將來時（對將來虛擬），表示強烈的愿望。Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!asifasif引導的狀語從句中動詞可以用過去時或過去完成時表示虛擬。Don'thandlethevaseasifitweremadeofsteel.七、含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣有時假設的情況并不以條件從句表示，而是由otherwise,but,or,without,butfor等來引導

19、。IwouldhavecomesoonerbutIdidn'knowthattheywerewaitingforme.我本該早一些到，但我不知道他們在等我。（2015杭州五校聯(lián)考）Butforyourtimelywarning,wewouldhavegotintogreattrouble.Well,youknowwe'refriends.要不是你及時警告，我們也許已經(jīng)陷入麻煩中了。一一好了，你知道我們是朋友啊。,學生用書P284P285）I.從下面方框中選擇恰當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空can,could,may,might,must,shall,should,will,would,nee

20、d1. （2014高考湖南卷）I'preparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.Doyoumeanwe（not）bringanythingwithus?2. （2014高考大綱全國卷）AlthoughyoufindbargainsinLondon,it'snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.3. （2014高考重慶卷）I'varderedsomepizza,sowe（not）worryaboutcookingwhenwegethometired.4. （2013高考江西卷）WhenIwasachild,IwatchTVwh

21、eneverIwantedto.5. （2013高考湖南卷）He（not）sleep,althoughhetriedto,whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit.6. Wecan'timaginethattwochildrenbekilledbythewashingmachineoftheirhouse!7. -They（not）havearrivedalready.Howcanyoubesosure?It'onlyafewminutes'ride.8. 一Hasyourfriendpassedthetest?So

22、rry,I'mnotsure.Hehave.Ihaven'heardfromhimfortwoweeks.9. Thedeadlineisdrawing,butIfailedtochallengethetaskathirdtime.一mybrotherhaveatry?10. Jack,look!Everybodyisdoinghomeworkquietly.youmakeanoiseinclass?11. -Whoitbethatleftthedoorunlocked?ItmightbeMike.Heisalwaysforgettingthings.12. Whenyouar

23、riveatthefrontdoor,youwon'tneedakeybecausethedooropenwithatouchofyourfinger.13. Schoolisover.HowcanwecontactRobert?Tryphoninghim.Hebehomebynow.Helivesonlyastone'throwfromtheschool.14. HasPeterstartedout?Hesaidhewouldgohikingwithus.Hehavestarted.Heisamanofhisword.15. WhenIwaslittleandsomethin

24、gawfulwashappening,mymumtellmetoclosemyeyes.16. 一Jackisthirtyminuteslate.Whathavehappenedtohim?一I'mnotsure.Hemayhavemissedthebus.17. MissSmithbeworkingnow,forthelightsinherofficearestillon.18. Kate,whereisJimthesedays?Heaskedforasickleavetheotherday.Hestayinhospital.19. Iknowyou'rebusy,butth

25、isbeanexcusefornotgoingbackhometoseeyourparents?20. 一Thetaxidriveristoblamefortheseriousaccident.Ican'tagreemore.He(not)havedrunk.答案：1.needn't2.can3.needn't4.could5. couldn't6.should7.can'8.might9.Shall10. Must11.could12.will13.should14.must15. would16.can17.must18.might19.can20.

26、 shouldn'tn.用所給動詞的虛擬語氣形式填空1. (2014高考湖南卷)IfMr.Dewey(be)present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.2. (2014高考福建卷)(be)therenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.3. (2014高考浙江卷)Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestig

27、ation,orthey(come)toourhelp.4. (2014高考陜西卷)Wewouldratherourdaughter(stay)athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.5. (2014高考安徽卷)Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey(throw)awayinthepast.6. IftheworldhadendedonDec.21st,2012,weabletoenjoythewonderfullifenow.7. (2013?高考安徽卷)I(go)tomycousi

28、n'birthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable.8. Withallhismoney,he(worry)aboutalittlethinglike5cents!9. Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball;otherwisehe(score)agoal.10. (2013高考福建卷)一DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?-No.Ifso,he(drive)hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.11. HespeaksChinesesoflu

29、entlyasifheaChinese.12. Iwouldrather(go)toworkaftermygraduation,butmyfatherwouldratherI(go)abroadforfurthereducation.13. Theupsetmotherthoughttoherself,“IfonlyI(know)what'goingoninmylittleboy'headrightnow.”14. 一Whatapity!Thebushasjustleft.Oh,ifonlyI(come)tothestopfiveminutesearlier.15. Itisr

30、equiredthatthenewemployees(provide)safetytrainingbeforetheystarttowork.16. Thethiefpretendedasifhe(know)nothingaboutthetheft.17. .Thevoluntaryservicesavedyouasumofmoneythatyouotherwise(spend)ontheagencyresponsibleforfindingyourpets.18. Ourteachersoftensuggestwe(take)iteasywhenfacinganydifficulty.19.

31、 HowsadwhenIheardaboutit!Ifhe(face)lifewiththecourageinthepast,he(be)agoodkidnow.20. Iknowyouinsistedthatsomething(do),becauseyousaidsofirmlyandrefusedtogivein.答案：1.hadbeen2.Were3.wouldhavecome4.stayed5.wouldhavethrown6.wouldn'be7.wouldhavegone8.shouldworry9.wouldhavescored10.wouldhavedriven11.w

32、ere12.go;went13.knew14.hadcome15.(should)beprovided16.hadknown17.wouldhavespent18.shouldtake19.hadfaced;wouldbe20. (should)bedone出.語篇填空用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞完成下列短文。MissFang1.(not)readforverylongwithgettingaheadache.Hermothertoldherthatshe2.gototheHealthServiceandseeadoctor."You3.seeadoctorassoonaspossible&qu

33、ot;shesaid."You4.needglasses.”WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttotheHealthService.Theappointmentclerksaidthatthedoctor5.seeherat3:30.MissFangrepliedthatshe6.notbeabletobethereat3：30becauseshehadaclassthen."Thedoctor7.takeyouatabouttentofour；'theappointmentclerksuggested."8.Iputyoudo

34、wnfortentofour,or9.yourathercometomorrow?"MissFangthoughtshe10.(not)wasteanymoretime.Theteacher11.beunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearly,ashewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,“IthinkI12.makeitattentofour.MissFangwenttotheclass.Sheaskedherteacher,“13.Ileaveat3:35today?

35、I14.haveaneyeexamination.Asexpected,theteachersaid,“Yes,ofcourseyou答案：1.couldn't2.should3.should9.would10.shouldn'11.shouldn'12.canIV.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容4.might5.could6.would7.might8.Shall13.May/Can14.must15.can(不多于3個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Haveyoueverbeenoutsideinawindstorm?Youtrytowalkforward,butthewindis1.(extreme)strong.You'rpushedtothesidebythewind.Infact,you'renearlyblownawaybyits2.(powerful).Manyobjectscanbeblownawaybythewind.Smallthings,suchasflowers,needthewindtocarrytheirseedstootherpl