英語常見形容詞及比較級、最高級變化一覽表

1、word形容詞第一章 比擬級、最高級變化一覽表 規(guī)那么變化 1. 單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞尾加上 “er “est 構(gòu)成比擬級、最高級：bright明亮的brighterbrightest broad廣闊的broaderbroadestcheap廉價(jià)的cheapercheapest clean干凈的cleanercleanest clever聰明的cleverercleverest cold寒冷的coldercoldest cool涼的coolercoolest dark黑暗的darkerdarkestdear貴的dearerdearest deep深的deeperdeepest f

2、ast迅速的fasterfastest few少的fewerfewest great偉大的greatergreatest hard困難的，硬的harderhardesthigh高的higherhighest kind善良的kinderkindest light輕的lighterlightest long長的longerlongestloud響亮的louderloudest low低的lowerlowestnear近的nearernearest new新的newernewestpoor窮的poorerpoorest quick快的quickerquickestquiet安靜的quieterqui

3、etest rich富裕的richerrichestshort短的shortershortest slow慢的slowerslowest small小的smallersmallest smart聰明的smartersmartest soft柔軟的softersoftest strong強(qiáng)壯的strongerstrongestsweet甜的sweetersweetest tall高的-taller - tallest thick厚的thickerthickest warm溫暖的warmerwarmest weak弱的weakerweakest young年輕的youngeryoungest 2以

4、一個元音加一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞即重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母er，-est big大的biggerbiggest fat胖的fatterfattest hot熱的hotterhottest red紅的redderreddest sad傷心的saddersaddest thin瘦的thinnerthinnest wet濕的wetterwettest mad瘋的maddermaddest特別提醒：new, few, slow, clean等詞含有字母組合，且發(fā)的是長元音，不用雙寫。3.以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞，加上 “r “st 構(gòu)成比擬級、最高級：able能干的ablerables

5、t brave勇敢的braverbravest close接近的closerclosest fine好的，完美的finerfinestlarge巨大的largerlargest late遲的laterlatest nice好的nicernicest ripe成熟的riperripestrude粗魯?shù)膔uderrudest safe平安的safersafest strange奇怪的strangerstrangest wide寬廣的widerwidest wise睿智的，聰明的wiserwisest white白的whiterwhitest4. “以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞改y為i，再加-er, -e

6、st busy忙碌的busierbusiest dirty臟的dirtierdirtiest dry枯燥的drierdriest early早的earlierearliesteasy容易的easiereasiest friendly友好的friendlierfriendliest funny好玩的funnierfunniest happy開心的happierhappiest healthy健康的healthierhealthiest heavy重的heavierheaviest hungry餓的hungrierhungriest lazy懶惰的lazierlaziest lucky幸運(yùn)的luc

7、kierluckiest naughty淘氣的naughtiernaughtiest noisy嘈雜的noisiernoisiest pretty美麗的prettierprettiestsilly傻的silliersilliest spicy辣的spicierspiciestthirsty渴的thirstierthirstiest ugly丑的uglierugliest 5.雙音節(jié)、多音節(jié)形容詞(即音標(biāo)中含有三個或三個以上元音音素的詞)，在單詞前面加上 “more “most 構(gòu)成比擬級、最高級：afraid害怕的more afraidmost afraid beautiful美麗的more

8、beautifulmost beautifulcareful仔細(xì)的more carefulmost careful cheerful開心的more cheerfulmost cheerful crowded擁擠的more crowdedmost crowdeddangerous危險(xiǎn)的more dangerousmost dangerous delicious美味的more deliciousmost delicious difficult困難的more difficultmost difficult exciting令人興奮的more excitingmost exciting expensi

9、ve昂貴的more expensivemost expensivefamous著名的more famousmost famous frightened受驚的more frightenedmost frightened frightening令人害怕的more frighteningmost frighteninghard-working勤奮的more hard-workingmost hard-working helpful有幫助的more helpfulmost helpful honest老實(shí)的more honestmost honest important重要的more importan

10、tmost importantinteresting有趣的more interestingmost interesting polite有禮貌的more politemost polite terrible可怕的more terriblemost terrible tired累的more tiredmost tired特別提醒：以形容前綴un構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如：unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidy-untidier-untidiest 6. 以形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞要在前面加 more，mostSlowly-more slowly-most

11、 slowly quickly-more quickly-most quickly特別提醒：early -earlier-earliest 7. 由ing分詞和-ed分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)那么動詞如knowknown)只能加more或most來表示它們的比擬級和最高級。 interesting- more interesting  -most interesting  excited- more excited - most exciting  tired- more tired  - most 

12、tired   boring-more boring -most boring  不規(guī)那么變化bad壞的worseworst far遠(yuǎn)的fartherfarthest (farfurtherfurthest)good好的betterbest ill病的worseworst little少的lessleast many多的moremost much多的moremost old年老的olderoldest ( oldeldereldest) well好的，身體好的betterbest特別提醒：further不僅可以指“距離更遠(yuǎn)，還可指“程度更深。記住以下三個

13、詞組：further study(進(jìn)修)  further education(繼續(xù)教育)   further information (進(jìn)一步的信息)elder僅用于同輩之間的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐) elder brother (哥哥)less作為“更少僅用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞表示“更少要用fewer。 第二章 形容詞副詞比擬級較難考點(diǎn)少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加 more, most 構(gòu)成比擬級和最高級，這類形容詞一般為表語形容詞和由過去分詞變成的形容詞 afraid -more afraid, most afraid

14、 tired - more tired , most tired fond - more fond , most fond glad -more glad , most glad bored - more bored , most bored pleased- more pleased , most pleased 以下形容詞和副詞的比擬級和最高級有兩種形式，即：既可加-er/-est也可加more/most      strict, often, friendly, clever 以下形容詞和副詞沒有比擬級和最高

15、即表示“最高程度或“絕對狀態(tài)的形容詞和副詞沒有比擬級和最高級如：empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely . 比擬應(yīng)在同類事物之間進(jìn)行。誤：Your English is better than me.正：Your English is better than mine. 比擬級前可以有一個表示程度的狀語，最常見的三大修飾詞是：a little, much, even。以下單詞也可用來修飾：any, far, still, a lot, y

16、et, rather。My sister is a little taller than me.Their house is much larger than ours.另外，名詞短語也可修飾比擬級，說明程度。Im three years older than he.特別提醒：very, quite, too不可修飾比擬級。 防止重復(fù)使用比擬級。誤：He is more kinder to small animals than I.正：He is much kinder to small animals than I.誤：He is more cleverer than his brother

17、.正：He is cleverer than his brother. 比擬要符合邏輯，在同一范圍內(nèi)比擬時(shí)，防止將主語含在比擬對象中，這時(shí)需使用other來排除自身。誤：China is larger that any country in Asia.正：China is larger than any other country in Asia.誤：John studies harder than any student in his class.正：John studies harder than any other student in his class.正：John stu

18、dies harder than any of the other students in his class.正：John studies harder than anyone else in his class. 比擬要遵循前后一致的原那么，注意前后照應(yīng)。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.  序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent.

19、The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.為防止重復(fù)，我們通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。one既可指人又可指物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The weather in China is different from that in America.The book on the table is more interesti

20、ng than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.誤：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.正：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. “否認(rèn)詞 + 比擬級相當(dāng)于最高級。-Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you-I cou

21、ldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.比擬級前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者，且比擬級后又有名詞或出現(xiàn)了of the two，這時(shí)比擬級前一定要加the。He is the taller of the two.Of the two jobs，he chose the harder.Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy試比擬

22、：Which is larger, Canada or AustraliaWhich is the larger country, Canada or AustraliaShe is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.不含than 的比擬級前可加不定冠詞修飾，構(gòu)成“a/an+比擬級+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示“一個更的人/物。Why dont you use a sharper knife 你為什么不用一把更鋒利的刀呢？比擬級than 后應(yīng)用人稱代詞的主格，但非正式語體中常用賓格。He is taller t

23、han I/me.為防止重復(fù)，比擬級中同樣的動詞用助動詞do, does, did替代。I spend less time doing homework than John does.She tells more funny jokes than we do. 以下內(nèi)容不是初中教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，僅供拓展之用。形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示“非常。It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法 A is three(four, etc.)times the size(heigh

24、t, length etc.)of B.   The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.   這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大高/這座新樓比那座舊樓大高三倍。   A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.    Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞

25、洲比歐洲大三倍。   A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.     Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.  第三章 形容詞副詞比擬級最高級重點(diǎn)句型歸納 句型一：形容詞或副詞比擬級+than考前須知：該句型為比擬級的最根本句型。只要看到than，即可確定前

26、面使用比擬級。He is taller than I am.The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl. 句型二：less + 形容詞的原級 + than考前須知：該句型表示“不如、不及，特別需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比擬級，后面必須跟形容詞的原級，否認(rèn)就造成了比擬級的重復(fù)使用。This computer is less expensive than that one. 句型三：as +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as考前須知：該句型表示比照的兩者程度相當(dāng)，as之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級，決不能

27、使用比擬級。此外，還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)第一個as前的動詞，如果是系動詞如be，感官動詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel等，那么就用形容詞的原級，如果前面的動詞是一般的實(shí)義動詞，那么就必須用副詞的原級修飾動詞。This lesson is as easy as that one.Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister. 特別提醒：asas之間也可以跟名詞，句型如下： as +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+as    He is as

28、kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。 as + many/much+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as    I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。    I have as many books as you do. 我的書和你的一樣多。    Well give you as much help as we can. 我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。 其它幾個關(guān)于asas的句型： as as one c

29、an：盡其所能  He began to run as fast as he could. as as possible：盡可能     Please help us as quickly as possible. as soon as一就   He will call me as soon as he comes here. 句型四：not as/so +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as考前須知：該句型表示“前者不如后者，往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第一個as可以換為so。This cl

30、assroom is not as bright as yours.I cannot run as fast as you.句型五：the +形容詞或副詞最高級+ in / of / among +比擬范圍考前須知：如果這里為副詞最高級，前面的the常常省略。介詞in和of的用法完全不一樣。in表示“在某一范圍內(nèi)，如：in the classroom，in the world。of表示“在同類之間，of后面的詞與主語同類，另名詞前一般有冠詞the。among表示“在三者或三者以上之間，among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的名詞。The Changjiang River is the longest

31、river in our country.Peter is the tallest of the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these. 句型六：one of + 形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式考前須知：one of有三大考點(diǎn)：1. 后跟形容詞最高級；2. 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；3. 作主語時(shí)主語為one，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long. 句型七：比擬級+and +比擬級 / more and more +多音節(jié)詞的原級考前須知：該句型表示“越來越，如果該形容詞比擬級構(gòu)成形式加er，那么用前面的句型；如果該形容詞比擬級加more構(gòu)成，那么用后面的句型。It is getting hotter and hotter.The girl is becomi