高中英語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)用法講解

1、高中英語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)用法講解一、概述 引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說(shuō)的話時(shí)有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語(yǔ)（direct speech。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語(yǔ) （indirect speech。一般地 講，直接引語(yǔ)前后要加引號(hào)，間接引語(yǔ)不用引號(hào)，而用賓語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)。Mr. Black said, “I'm busy布菜克先生說(shuō)：我很忙”（直接引語(yǔ)）Mr. Black said that he was busy布菜克先生說(shuō)他很忙。（賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)） 從上例看來(lái)，直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí) ,除將直接引語(yǔ)改為賓語(yǔ)從句之外，還須 對(duì)直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，如上

2、例直接引語(yǔ)中的 I 改成了 he, am則改成了 wa&現(xiàn)將由直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題，分述如下：二、直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí) 直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞 that引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)中常省 去），that從句之前用say、tell等動(dòng)詞，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。1、人稱的變化直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)人稱要相應(yīng)的變化，把直接引語(yǔ)中的第一人稱（如: I, me,my， mine，we，us, our，ours）變?yōu)榕c主句的主語(yǔ)相一致的人稱。把直接引語(yǔ)中 的第二人稱（you， your，yours）變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g接賓語(yǔ)（即聽(tīng)話人

3、，如無(wú)聽(tīng)話人， 可根據(jù)上下文的體會(huì)人為確定一個(gè)人稱）相一致的人稱。直接引語(yǔ)中的第三人稱（he, him， his，she, her, hers,it, its,they,their，theirs，them）變?yōu)殚g接弓I語(yǔ)時(shí)， 人稱不變。He said , lik“eIit very much. ”他說(shuō)：“我非常喜歡它”。He saidthat he liked it very much.他說(shuō)他非常喜歡它。（I 改為 he, it不變） He said, “ Wd me this story. 他說(shuō)：你給我講過(guò)這個(gè)故事。”He said that I had told him that stor

4、y.他說(shuō)我給他講過(guò)那個(gè)故事。（You 改為 I, me 改為 him, told 改為 had told）He said to me,Sftenes book in your room”他對(duì)我說(shuō)：她把書放在你的房間里去了?！盚e told me that she had left her book in my room. 他對(duì)我說(shuō)她把書放在我的房間里 去了。（She' sshe had her不變，yourmy）2、時(shí)態(tài)的變化 （1）主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí) 態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí) ,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

5、相應(yīng)變化表：He said, “I usuwalalytch TV on Sunday. ”他說(shuō)： “我常在星期天看電視”。He saidthat he usually watched TV on Su nday他 說(shuō)他常在星期天看電視。He said, “I'm usthinegknife. 他說(shuō)”： “我正在用小刀。 ”He said that hewas using the knife 他說(shuō)他正在用小刀。She said, “have n ot heard from him si nee May.她說(shuō)： 自從五月份來(lái)我就沒(méi)有收到他的來(lái)信?！盨he said that shehad

6、 not heard from him since May. 她說(shuō)自從五月份以來(lái)她就沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信。He said,“Came to help you.他說(shuō)： 我來(lái)幫助你。He said thathe had come to help me他 說(shuō)他來(lái)幫助我。He said, “had finished my homework before supper.他說(shuō)：晚飯前我己做完了作業(yè)?！盚e said that he had fini shed his homework before supper 他說(shuō)晚飯前他己做完了 作業(yè)。Zhou Lan said,“門t doter class.周蘭說(shuō)：下課

7、后我就去做?！盳hou Lan said that shewould do it after class 周蘭說(shuō)下課后她就去做。He said, shill be doing my homework then.他說(shuō)： 那時(shí)我將正在做作業(yè)。” He said that heshould be doi ng his homework then他 說(shuō)那時(shí)他將正在做作業(yè)。 He said,Mhadl have finished the work by that time.他說(shuō)：”我們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作。”He said that theyshould have fini shed the work

8、by that time.他 說(shuō)他們將在那時(shí)以 前完成工作。注意：直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用說(shuō)明客 觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。The teacher said, “ This eauthd.老師說(shuō)：地球是圓的。”The teachersaid that the earth is rounc老師說(shuō)地球是圓的。He said, was born in Shangdong in 1965.他說(shuō)”我 1965 年生于山東?！?He said that hewas born in Shangdong in 1965.他說(shuō)他 1965 年生于山東。He said,

9、 “ ColumbudiscoveredAmerica in 1492.他說(shuō)： 哥倫布在 1492 年發(fā)現(xiàn)了 美洲。”He said Columbus discovered America in 1492他說(shuō)哥倫布在 1492 年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美 洲。(2)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一律不變He says, finihed the work.他說(shuō)： 我做完工作了?！盚e says that he fin ished the work.他說(shuō)他做完工作了。He will say, have wateredthe flowers.他會(huì)說(shuō)：我

10、己經(jīng)澆花了。 ”He will say he has watered the flowers.他會(huì)說(shuō)他己經(jīng)澆花了。3、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)變化見(jiàn)下表：間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)指示代詞this/thesenowtoday時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)toni ghtthis week (month )that/those the n that day that ni ghtyesterdaylast week (month )two weeks (mon th)agothat week (month ) the day beforethe week (month )before two weeks (mon t

11、hs)beforetomorrowthe n ext daynext week (month )the next week (month )-地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herethere動(dòng)詞comegobringtakeHe said,“1 met Mr. Srttiihs morning.他說(shuō)我今天早晨見(jiàn)到史密斯了He said that he had met Mr. Smiththat morni ng.他說(shuō)他那天早晨見(jiàn)到史密斯了。 He said, W“went to the cinemayesterday ” 他說(shuō)： 我們昨天去電影院了。 ” He said they had gone to the c

12、i nemihe day before 他說(shuō)前一天他們?nèi)ル娪霸?了。Lily said, I will'Come back next month. ” 莉莉說(shuō)： 我下個(gè)月回來(lái)。”Lily said that she would go backthe next month 莉莉說(shuō)她下一個(gè)月就回去。He said,“It is nine o'clnckw '他說(shuō)： 現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)了?！盚e said that it was nine o'clockthen.他說(shuō)那時(shí)九點(diǎn)了。He said, I have n't seen heitoday.'他說(shuō)：今天我沒(méi)

13、見(jiàn)到她?！盚e said that he hadn't seen hehfat day .他說(shuō)那天他沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她。She said,“I wentetyesterday.她說(shuō)： 昨天我去了那兒?！盨he said that she had gone therthe day before 她說(shuō)前一天她去了那兒。She said, “門I go thereorrow.'她說(shuō)：明天我將去那兒。”She said that she would go therehe next day 她說(shuō)第二天她將去那兒。He said, “ My sister wase three daysago 他說(shuō)

14、： 三天前我妹妹在這兒?！?He said that his sister had beethere three daysbefore.他說(shuō)三天前他妹妹在那 丿兒。（here thereago before）She said,“I <wiHn ehere this eve ning.她說(shuō)： 今晚我將來(lái)這兒?！盨he said that she wouldjo there that evening.她說(shuō)那晚她將去那兒。（comego; here there this that以上這些變化，要根據(jù)說(shuō)話的具體時(shí)間和具體地點(diǎn)的情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。 如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為ther

15、e, come也不必改為go如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn) 述，yesterday或tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變。直接引語(yǔ)中的一般過(guò)去時(shí)如 與一個(gè)具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，間接引語(yǔ)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。Father said, I am“free this afternoon”父親說(shuō)： 我今天下午有空?！盕ather said that he was freehis afternoon 父親說(shuō)他今天下午有空。He said“I am goinhere tomorrow.'他說(shuō) 我明天去那里。 ”He said that he was goin gthere tomorrow. 他說(shuō)他明天去那里。

16、巧記:去掉引號(hào)加that，人稱變化要靈活，時(shí)態(tài)向后退一步，狀語(yǔ)變化按規(guī)定。三、直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)如為疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，須將疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序改為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。 其人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等相應(yīng)的變化同上。巧記：if（或whether）替引號(hào)，陳述語(yǔ)序要記牢。時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和狀語(yǔ)要變化，千 萬(wàn)別把它忘掉。1、直接引語(yǔ)是一般問(wèn)句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，須用連接詞whether或if將其引出，使其成為間接引語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ) 從句。如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 said,則將其改為asked如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后沒(méi)有 間接賓語(yǔ)，可以加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ) me, him, her, them, us等。She said, “your father

17、 an en gi neer?她說(shuō)： 你父親是工程師嗎？”Sheasked me whether my father was an engineer她問(wèn)我說(shuō)我父親是否是工程 師。The teachersaid to Li Mi ng, Have you fini shed your homework?老師對(duì)李明說(shuō)：你做完作業(yè)了嗎？”The teacherasked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.老師問(wèn)李明是 否已做完作業(yè)了。2、直接引語(yǔ)是特殊問(wèn)句如果直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用特殊疑問(wèn)句中的疑問(wèn)詞what, where,

18、 whe n, who, how ma ny作為連接詞將其引出，構(gòu)成間接引語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)從句， 但須將疑問(wèn)式的動(dòng)詞改為陳述式。如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為said,則將其改為askec。巧記：直接去引號(hào)，陳述語(yǔ)序莫忘掉。助動(dòng)do(does) did,要去掉。What do you doevery Sun day morning? my'frie nd said to me 我的朋友問(wèn)我說(shuō)，每星期天上午你做什么？My friend asked me what I did every Sun day morning.我的朋友問(wèn)我每星期天 上午我做什么。Where have you been Li M

19、ing? th” teacherasked.老師問(wèn)道： 你上哪里去了， 李明?fThe teacherasked Li Mi ng where he had bee n 老師問(wèn)李明曾去過(guò)哪兒。I asked her, How many English books will yoiread next term? 我'問(wèn)她說(shuō)： 下學(xué) 期你將讀多少本英語(yǔ)書？ ”I asked herhow many English books she would reathe n ext term.我 問(wèn)她下學(xué) 期將讀多少本英文書。When did you get up this morning? aske

20、fmy father我父親問(wèn)道：今天早晨你什么時(shí)候起床的?fMy father asked mewhen I had got up that morning.我父親問(wèn)我那天早晨我是 什么時(shí)候起床的。注意： 直接引語(yǔ)里是： What's wrong with?/What'sthe matter? /What's thetrouble?/What has happened等特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序不變。He said to her What' s the matter with you他問(wèn)她f 你怎么了？ ” He asked herwhat was the m

21、atter with her 他問(wèn)她怎么了。四、直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句巧記：去掉引號(hào)要加to； ask, order須記住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前 部。轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)，要使祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等動(dòng)詞，如果祈使句為否定式，在不定式 的前面加not。如果祈使句中有please一詞，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，就將please去掉。 成為：told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not)to do somethin結(jié)構(gòu)。He said, Sit down, pleasef 他說(shuō)： 請(qǐng)坐?！盚e a

22、sked me to sit down 他讓我坐下。The teachersaid, Don' t talkn class! 老師說(shuō)： 上課不要講話！ ”The teachertold us not to talkin class!老師要我們上課不要講話。The capta in said to his men, Fire! ”上尉對(duì)他的士兵們說(shuō) 開(kāi)火！ ”The cap tai nordered his men to fire 上尉命令他的士兵們開(kāi)火！The policeman said to the children,Don't play“football in the m

23、iddle of the street. 警察對(duì)孩子們說(shuō)：別在馬路中間踢足球?！盩he policema n warned the children not to playfootball in the middle of the street. 警察警告孩子們不要在馬路中間踢足球。五、點(diǎn)擊考點(diǎn)I改錯(cuò)：1. He said that he is going to London.2. Tom said they had fini shed the job yesterday.3.She asked me don ' t smoke in the room.4. They asked th

24、at he was there.5.1 asked you where was he going.6. The teacher told us not talk any more.7. The doctor said to his wife, Not wait for me.8. He asked me who I am.9. Mary said that she would see you tomorrow.10. Mother asked what the matter was.11. 將下列句子改為間接引語(yǔ)1. “Where will you go tomorrow? others Me

25、d me.2. The old woma n said to me,“ Please lock the door for me.”3. The boy told his teacher,“ We went to an exhibiti on yesterday.”4. He said,I'll go to the statio n to see off a frie nd of mi ne this after noon.5. “ Hello,how are you? ” , heneaid to6. Tom said to me an grily,“ Why don' t you tell me you have bee n here for twoweeks?r7. Joh n said to Mary,“ Do you remember I borrowed a diam ond n ecklace from you?8. The teacher said to Li Mi ng,“ Don' t make the same mistake aga in.”9. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?” , I asked her.10. The nurse said to