直接引語變間接引語詳細講解加練習

1、直接弓I語和間接弓I語DirectspeechandIndirectspeech1 .什么是直接引語-直接引述別人的原話,一般加冒號,且沒有時態(tài)照應的問題；如：Hesaid,mafraidIcan'tfinishthework.2 .什么是間接引語-用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,不用引號,通常情況構(gòu)成賓語從句,從句中的語序,時態(tài),人稱,時間狀語,地點狀語,和指示代詞等都有變化.如：Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthework.3 .為什么要把直接引語變成間接引語-當你需要轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話的時候就需要用到；除了用say,還可以用tell,ask等

2、.4 .所轉(zhuǎn)述的內(nèi)容可以是陳述句,疑問句,特殊疑問句,祈使句,感慨句,這幾種情況下該怎么將直接引語變成間接引語呢只要記住剛剛說的那6點：語序,時態(tài),人稱,時間狀語,地點狀語,和指示代詞,記住相對應的變化規(guī)那么,那么就不是一件難事.下面我們來看例子：直接引語：Hesaid,Mydadwillbebacktomorrowmorning間接弓I語：Hesaidthathisdadwouldbebackthenext/followingmorning.我們來分析一下這個例句,時態(tài),人稱,時間狀語都發(fā)生了變化Mydad-hisdad,willbeback-wouldbeback,tomorrowmorn

3、ing-thenext/followingmorning卜面我們先看時態(tài)不變的5種情況:1直接引語是客觀真理,自然現(xiàn)象,名言,俗語,或者與一個具體的過去時間連用說明客觀事實時,不管主句的謂語動詞是什么時態(tài),變?yōu)殚g接引語的時候時態(tài)均不變,如：Eg.1-Theearthmovesaroundthesun,“theteachertoldus.Theteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.Eg.2-Hesaid,IwasborninGuangdongin1990HesaidhewasborninGuangdongin1990.Eg.3-Goethesaid,The

4、importantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.Goethesaidtheimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.Eg.4:Hesaid,Practicemakesperfect.Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.2主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在是或?qū)頃r,變成間接引語時時態(tài)不變Eg.1-Hesays,I'finishedthework.Hesayshefinishedthework.E

5、g.2-Hewillsay,I'havewateredtheflower.Hewillsayhehaswateredtheflower.Eg.3-Hewillsay,I'willtrymybesttohelpyou.Hewillsayhewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時,表示反復出現(xiàn)或習慣性動作,變?yōu)殚g接引語時時態(tài)不變.Eg.1-Jacksaid,Mybrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike.Jacksaidhisbrotheralwaysgoestoschoolbybike.Eg.2-Mymothersaid,Il

6、ikeon-lineshopping.Mymothersaidshelikeson-lineshopping.4直接引語是過去進行時,或者是過去完成時時,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變,如Eg.1-Jimsaid,Lucy,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouneartheshop?"JimaskedLucywhereshewasgoingwhenhemetherneartheshop.Eg.2-Kellysaid,Tomwashavingvideomeetingat9o'clocklastnight.KellysaidTomwashavingvideomeet

7、ingat9o'clocklastnightEg.3-Johnsaid,IhadcalledTombeforelunch.JohnsaidhehadcalledTombeforelunch.沒有對應的過去式,所以在5should,wouldought,hadbetter,might,usedto,could,must間接引語中時態(tài)一般不變,如:Eg.1-Jasonsaid,Youhadbettercomeheretoday.JasonsaidIhadbettercomeheretoday.什么情況下時態(tài)需要變化請看時態(tài)變化表格,當主句時態(tài)是一般過去式時：1 .一般現(xiàn)在時-一般過去式2

8、.一般過去時-過去完成時3 .一般將來時-過去將來時4 .現(xiàn)在進行時-過去進行時5 .現(xiàn)在完成時-過去完成時6 .現(xiàn)在完成進行時-過去完成進行時例句：1） Hesaid,famverytired."一般現(xiàn)在時-一般過去時-Hesaidhewasverytired.-Hesaysheisverytired.2） Areyoutired?sheasked.-SheaskedifIwastired.-SheasksifIamtired.3Tomasked,WillJackarrivetomorrow?"一般將來時一過去將來時Tomaskedif/whetherJackwoulda

9、rrivetomorrow.Tomasksif/whetherJackwillarrivetomorrow.4) Sheasked,WhenwillJackarrive?SheaskedwhenJackwouldarrive.SheaskswhenJackwillarrive.5) Ibrokethatplate."Hesaid.(一般過去時-過去完成時)Hesaidhehadbrokentheplate.Hesayshebrokethatplate.Hetoldmethathehadbrokenthatplate.6) Hesaid,Youtoldmethisstory.Hesai

10、dIhadtoldhimthatstory.HesaysItoldhimthatstory.6)Hesaid,I'metMr.Smiththismorning.HesaidhehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.7)Hesaid,I'amusingtheknife."(現(xiàn)在進行時-過去進行時)Hesaidhewasusingtheknife.8)Mymothersaid,Yoursisteriswashingherfacenow.Mymothersaidmysisteriswashingherfacethen.9)Hesaidtome,She'

11、sleftherbookinyourroom."(現(xiàn)在完成時-過去完成時)Hetoldmethatshehadleftherbookinmyroom.10)Mr.Jonessaid,Ihavejustfinishedwork.Mr.Jonessaidhehadjustfinishedwork.11)Shesaid,I'havenotheardfromhimsinceMay.ShesaidshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.12現(xiàn)在完成進行時-過去完成進行時二、接下來我們來看看人稱是怎么變化的：1、人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變1直接引語中的第一人稱,一般轉(zhuǎn)換為第三人稱,如

12、：Hesaid,Iamverysorry.">Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2直接引語中的第二人稱,如果原話是針對轉(zhuǎn)述人說的,轉(zhuǎn)換為第一人稱,如：Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,"myfathertoldme.>MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3直接引語中的第二人稱,如果原話是針對第三人稱呼的,轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱.如：Shesaidtoherson,I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.>Shesaidtoherso

13、nthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等,如：Heaskedme,Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?">HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.總之,人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換不是固定的,具體情況,具體對待,要符合邏輯.三、下面來看看時間狀語,地點狀語,還有指示代詞的變化:直接引語間接引語指示代詞this/the

14、sethat/those時間狀語nowThentodaythatdaytonightthatnightthisweek(month)thatweek(month)yesterdaythedaybeforeastweek(month)theweek(month)beforetwoweeks(month)agotwoweeks(months)beforetomorrowthenextdaynextweek(month)thenextweek(month)地點狀語hereThere動詞comeGobringTakeHesaid,ImetMr.Smiththismorning."他說我今天早

15、晨見到史密斯了.一HesaidthathehadmetMr.Smiththatmorning.他說他那天早晨見到史密斯了.Hesaid,Wewenttothecinemayesterday."他說：我們昨天去電影院了.fHesaidtheyhadgonetothecinemathedaybefore.他說前一天他們?nèi)ル娪霸毫?Lilysaid,Iwillcomebacknextmonth.莉莉說：我下個月回來.一Lilysaidthatshewouldgobackthenextmonth.莉莉說她下一個月就回去.Hesaid,Itisnineo'clocknow.他說:現(xiàn)在九

16、點了.“一Hesaidthatitwasnineo'clockthen.他說那時九點了.Hesaid,Ihaven'tseenhertoday.他說:今天我沒見到她.一Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.他說那天他沒有見到她.Shesaid,fwentthereyesterday.她說:昨天我去了那兒.fShesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.她說前一天她去了那兒.Shesaid,I'llgotheretomorrow.她說:明天我將去那兒.一Shesaidthatshewouldgothere

17、thenextday.她說第二天她將去那兒.Hesaid,Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.“他說：三天前我妹妹在這兒.fHesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.他說三天前他妹妹在那兒.(here一there;ago一before)Shesaid,fwillcomeherethisevening."她說：今晚我將來這兒.fShesaidthatshewouldgotherethatevening.她說那晚她將去那兒.(comefgo;herefthere;thisfthat)以上這些變化,要根據(jù)說話的具體時間

18、和具體地點的情況而定,不可機械照搬.如果就在當?shù)剀噒述,here就不必改為there,come也不必改為go,如果就在當天轉(zhuǎn)述,yesterday或tomorrow等時間狀語也不必改變.直接引語中的一般過去時如與一個具體的過去時間狀語連用,間接引語的一般過去時時態(tài)不變.Fathersaid,Iamfreethisafternoon"父親說:我今天下午有空.“fFathersaidthathewasfreethisafternoon.父親說他今天下午有空.Hesaid,I'amgoingtheretomorrow.他說我明天去那里.fHesaidthathewasgoingth

19、eretomorrow.他說他明天去那里.巧記:去掉引號加that,人稱變化要靈活,時態(tài)向后退一步,狀語變化按規(guī)定四、直接引語變成間接引語,句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化1)陳述句.用連詞that引導,that在口語中常省略.主句的謂語動詞可直用接引語中的said,也可用told來代替,注意,可以說saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接說toldthat,如:Hesaid,IhavebeentotheGreatWall.">HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,I'llgiveyouanexam

20、inationnextMonday.->HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.(不可說toldthat)此夕卜主句中的謂語還常有：repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等,又如：Hesaid,I'mlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.->Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.如果間接引語是由that引導的兩個或兩個以上的并列從句,第一個連詞可以

21、省略,以后的連詞一般不省略,以免混亂.Thedoctorsaid,Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.->Thedoctorsaid(that)IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.2)直接引語為一般疑問句,(也稱是否疑問句,)間接引語用連詞whether或if引導,原主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked(me/him/us等),語序是陳述句的語序,這一點非常重要.Hesaid,Doyouhaveanydifficultyinpronunciation?>Heasked(me)wh

22、ether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?->HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.3)直接引語為選擇疑問句,間接引語用whetheror表達,而不用ifor,也不用eitheror-.如：Heasked,DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?->HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,Willyoutakebusortaketrain?-&

23、gt;Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.4)直接引語為特殊疑問句,改成間接引語時,原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞,主句的謂語動詞用ask(sb.)來表達,語序改為陳述句語序.如：Heasked,What'syourname?->Heasked(me)whatmynamewas.Heaskedus,Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?->Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.5直接引語為祈使句時,改為間接

24、引語,用帶to的不定式表達,謂語動詞常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等.如asksb.todo,由肯定祈使句變成asksb.nottodo由否認祈使句轉(zhuǎn)變,并且在不定式短語中的時間狀語、地點狀語、人稱及時態(tài)都作相應的變化.如：Hesaid,Beseated,please.>Heaskedustobeseated.Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting."Hesaid.>Hetoldmetobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.Nevercomehereagain!saidtheofficerne

25、arby.>Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,“theteachersaid.>Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.6有些含有建議->、勸告->的祈使句,可用suggest,insist,offer等動詞轉(zhuǎn)述,如：Hesaid,Let'shavearest.->Hesuggestedourhav

26、ingarest.Hesaid,Letmehelpyou.>Heofferedtohelpme.7當直接引語形式上是疑問高,有表示請求,建議意義時,可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式轉(zhuǎn)述.如：Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?heasked.>Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.Whynotgoingoutforawalk?heaskedus.>Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.8直接引語是感慨句時,變間接

27、引語可用what或how引導,也可用that引導,如：Shesaid,Whatalovelydayitis!->Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.即學即練1.Heaskedforthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2. Haveyouseenthefilm?A.hadIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilm3. Pleaseclosethewindow,heaskedme.fHeask

28、edmeB.haveIseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm“hesaidtome.fHemethewindow.D.saidto;pleaseA.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseclose4. amateacher,"Jacksaid.fHesaid.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5. Hesaid,Mother,theboyisverynaughty."fHe-verynaughty.

29、A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas6. Youvealreadygotwell,haven'tyou?sheasked.fSheasked.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn'tyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.7. Heasked,'Areyo

30、uaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?"fHeaskedme.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.8. Heasked,Howareyougettingalong?fHeasked.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwa

31、sIgettingalong9. Heaskedmewithme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what'sthematterD.whatwasthematter10. Hesaid,Don'tdothatagain."Hemethatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;don'tdoC.toldme;don'tdoD.toldme;nottodo11. 我告訴他我丟了錢并會找到這筆錢.12. 她問我第二天有沒有空.13. 我問她第二天去哪里去干什么.14. 他爸爸告訴他不要穿

32、著新外套去爬樹.15. 這個陌生人問我的名字是什么.16. 他說:"我把書落在你房間了."17. 她說："他會很忙的."18. 她對湯姆說："你能幫我嗎?"19. "Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?"theyoungmanasked.20. "Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,"thelittleboysaidhappily.21. "Lighttravelsfasterthansound,"thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.22. "Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?"Maryaskedme.23. "Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?"theoldmanaskedmybrother.24. Sheaskedwhatwasthematterw