水輪機課程設計說明

1、水輪機課程設計說明書姓名：學號：學院：水利水電學院 班級: 指導老師:目錄一、水輪機選型及參數(shù)計算1. 已知參數(shù) 12. 水輪機型號選擇 13. 水輪機基本參數(shù)計算 1二、水輪機運轉特性曲線的繪制1. 等效率曲線的繪制 32. 等吸出高度線繪制 43. 出力限制線繪制 5三、蝸殼設計1. 蝸殼型式及基本參數(shù)的選擇 62. 進口斷面計算 63. 圓斷面計算 74. 橢圓形斷面計算 8四、尾水管設計1. 尾水管形式的選擇 92. 尾水管高度的確定 93. 尾水管各部分尺寸的計算蝸殼平面圖10蝸殼單線圖11尾水管圖12一、水輪機選型及參數(shù)計算1. 已知參數(shù)裝機容量580.00MW ;裝機臺數(shù)4臺；單

2、機容量145MW ;Hma)=84.5m ;Hmin=68.00m ; H=73.00m ;HL =71.2m水輪機安裝高程580.00m2. 水輪機型號選擇ns =2000-20= 2000-20=214.08J73(m kw)可以選擇HL220型水輪機3. 水輪機基本參數(shù)計算(1)計算轉輪直徑D。水輪機額定出力:取最優(yōu)單位轉速n110況點單位流量，則Qt修正值3%0. 89PNg145000r G 0. 98147959 KW71.0r/min*!. 14 ( m3 /與出力限制線交點的單位流量為設計工s ),對應的模型效率 m89%暫取效率計工況原型水輪機效率0. 030. 92,水輪機

3、轉輪直徑D為D1P，9. 81Q1r H：5J.哼4.80m-9. 81 1. 14 731.50.92取標準值D| =5m該方案水頭高于40m,故應使用金屬蝸殼，則使用水輪機型號為HL220-LJ-500 (2)效率 的計算max1 - (1 -1 (10.91)5 0.460. 9440. 9440. 920. 0240. 890. 0240. 914(3)轉速n的計算n71 竺D15119.82( r/min )轉速計算值介于發(fā)電機同步轉速115.4 至 125 (r/min )之間，但與 115.4 更接近，故取水輪機的轉速n為115.4r/min(4)水輪機設計流量Q的計算Q1r D

4、? jHr1. 145273243. 5ni/s(5)幾何吸出高度Hs的計算。在設計工況下，模型水輪機的空化系數(shù)為0.133,取0.02。Hs10- 900-()Hr10 - 580 - 0.13573-0.5m900則取吸出高度Hs-1m。(5)水輪機工作圍的檢驗Q1rP9.81D2H3/29.8114795921 5 =1.05 (m/s)0. 92 52731.5最大、最小水頭所對應的單位轉速n 11 minnD,max115.4_5.84. 562. 76( r/min )n 11 maxnDHmin69. 97( r/min )平均水頭對應的單位轉速nilanD、Ha115.4568

5、.38(r/min )71.2在HL220 型水輪機模型綜合特性曲線圖上，分別繪出Qir105L/S ,niimin62.78 / min和論 69 97T / min為常數(shù)的直線，根據圖可得，效率在高效率區(qū)附近。因此該方案可行。二、水輪機運轉特性曲線的繪制1.等效率曲線的繪制原型水輪機效率M水輪機出力P9. 81 D'H1.5 Q1由附表9（ 12頁）查出Q1并計算出P得到下表H=68mn=69.97r/mi nH=71.2mn=68.38r/mi nH=73mn=67.53r/mi nH=84.5mn=62.77r/mi n挙IPPSTPP0.820.8440.6373123.20

6、.6479588.250.6583916.60.68109331.20.840.8640.6779608.740.6886566.370.6991191.610.73120151.50.860.8840.7388745.70.7395082.740.7398711.370.78131352.90.880.9040.7896969.510.77102561.80.77106475.90.84144657.30.90.9240.86109280.50.85115722.40.85120138.70.951672200.90.9241.11141048.11.1149758.41.09154060.

7、20.951672200.880.9041.17145454.31.17155840.71.16160405.21.13194598.50.860.8841.22148314.71.22158905.41.22164969.71.17197029.30.840.8641.261497121.26160402.41.26166523.81.25205738.90.820.8441.3150889.11.31162907.21.31169124.21.29207407.7。鋼00.100.87D儕02,00 斗UQ6,00 9.00 10.00 12.00 M,00 16.DO 18.00 20J

8、0 p2.等吸出高度線繪制Hs10 - 900)Hr由附表9 (12頁)查出相關數(shù)據。根據各工況點的Hs、P,繪出各水頭下的Hs=f (P)曲線PCT7/MK7丿 ri7H-84.5n=62.770.10.890.9140.8610.1449740.6-0.780.110.90.9240.9710.985 *70741.3-1.6250.120.880.9091.0311.8377378.4-2.470.130.885 ().9091.112.675190481-3.3150.140.872 ().8961.1513.5296291.2-4.16H=73n=67.530.10.894 ().9

9、180.848.76117954.40.60.110.920.9440.969.49138623-0.130.120.920.9441.0410.2250174.9-0.860.130.891 ().9151.1310.9558158.2-1.590.140.872 0).8961.1811.6861726.8-2.32H=68n-69.970.10.891 0).9150.838.16104441.11.20.110.920.9440.958.84123329.70.520.120.920.9441.049.52135013.6-0.160.130.895 0).9191.1310.2142

10、812.5-0.840.140.873 0).8971.1910.8846795.1-1.52e.ooo -2,QQ -4.006JO a.0010,00 12.(10 14,00 16.00 18.00 20.00 p3.出力限制線繪制求出與Hmin和Hr相對應的水輪機出力Pmin、R，將點（巴,P）、點（Pmin、Hmin、連成一條斜線，此線即為水輪機出力限制線。nQPH=730.9091.1616.13H=680.9141.14714.590807060(Hiiiui. Pmui)5.0010.0015.0020.00 p三、蝸殼設計1. 蝸殼型式及基本參數(shù)的選擇本電站水頭在40m以上，

11、故選用金屬蝸殼，包角選為 345 °。取 55，查表得蝸殼流速系數(shù)K=0.87取 Da1.55，Db1. 33，計算得到 Ra3.325m, ra 3. 875m0.25，得 bo1. 25Dhbo，取 0.2，計算得 h=0.83m22. 進口斷面計算進口斷面流量360 Qr345360243. 5233. 35(m3 /s)進口斷面流速v0 K , H0.87737.43（m/s）進口斷面面積F 需 31.4 曲)進口斷面半徑F031.43. 14153. 16(m)查表得 D=7.75，K=0.157.75r020.154.03(m)進口斷面中心距ao r02 h24. 030

12、. 8327. 30(m )進口斷面外徑Roa°07. 33. 1610.46(m)蝸殼系數(shù)Ca。345 480 7. 3、7. 323. 162蝸殼常數(shù)K竺3602243.548051. 677203.圓斷面計算i丫 x 2h2air0xR iai分別取不同值計算于下表CrbcrfX7X"0aiRi ci3450.724.035.7930.692.2592532.9788.8693.097.0110.123300.694.035.5410.692.2028052.898.3543.016.929.92733150.664.035.2890.692.1448722.8017

13、.8462.926.839.75343000.634.035.0380.692.085332.717.3462.836.749.57552850.594.034.7860.692.0240372.6186.8532.756.659.39462700.564.034.5340.691.9608292.5236.3672.666.559.2172550.534.034.2820.691.8955142.4275.8892.566.469.02282400.54.034.030.691.8278682.3285.4192.476.368.82992250.474.033.7780.691.75761

14、92.2264.9572.386.268.632102100.444.033.5260.691.6844442.1224.5032.286.158.43111950.414.033.2740.691.6079412.0144.0572.186.048.223121800.384.033.0230.691.5276131.9033.622.085.938.008131650.344.032.7710.691.4428181.7873.1921.975.827.787141500.314.032.5190.691.3527191.6652.7731.865.77.556151350.284.032

15、.2670.691.2561751.5372.3641.755.577.315161200.254.032.0150.691.1515641.4021.9641.635.437.06171050.224.031.7630.691.0364481.2551.5761.55.296.7918900.194.031.5110.690.9068351.0941.1981.375.126.4984. 橢圓形斷面計算當計算圓形斷面半徑VS時，蝸殼的圓形斷面不能與座環(huán)蝶形邊相切，須由圓斷面過渡到橢面斷面。圓斷面計算中，當=90時， 1.37 mv s，即= 90時，蝸殼形狀已經是橢圓形，即應按橢圓斷面計算橢

16、圓短半徑:2'1.045A0.81L21.345L與圓的同等面積：A2 2d ctgC ( :ctg2Ra1i / csindra &橢圓斷面長半徑iL2 -ctg ,h L sin0.831.013msin 55橢圓斷面中心距a 尺 1.22巳橢圓斷面外徑R a計算結果如下表0 CPA0aR1900.18751.3535.96351.401471.294914.90486.30632750.15631.2164.85581.333221.06744.62725.96053600.1251.0683.7981.261460.82824.33545.59694450.09380.

17、9072.79441.185240.574144.02555.21075300.06250.7221.85141.103130.300423.69154.79466150.03130.4950.98011.01284-0.00053.32434.3372蝸殼圖繪制于10、11頁四、尾水管設計1. 尾水管形式的選擇大中型反擊式水輪機組如采用直錐型尾水管，會帶來大量的挖深，考慮綜合考慮經濟性等因素，故本方案采用彎肘形尾水管。2. 尾水管高度的確定根據 h 2.6D1h 2.6 513m3. 尾水管各部分尺寸的計算查水電站機電設計手冊表 2-17得hD1L DiBsDi6Dihi DihsDlLi dT1b K2.64.52.721.351.350.6751.821.22肘管類型：標準混凝土肘管適用圍：混流式Di< D2D41. 35D11. 3556. 75m錐管段尺寸計算8D3D21.02