新概念一冊語法總結(jié)

1、新概念一冊語法總結(jié)時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動作或一般性事實(shí)。1）含有 be 動詞的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.變疑問句將be 動詞移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?變否定句在be 動詞后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is no

2、t very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.2）不含有 be 動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.變疑問句在句首加does, 動詞變?yōu)樵虳oes he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog lik

3、e bones?變否定句在主語及動詞之間加 doesnt, 動詞變?yōu)樵?,原句中的動詞不再有第三人稱變化。He doesn t like books.She doesn t like him.The dog doesn t like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, he does. No, he doesn t.Yes, she does. No, she doesntYes, it does. No, it doesn t.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞I want to

4、have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.變疑問句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加dont.You don t want to have a bath.We don t have any meat.The students don t like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. No, I don t.Ye

5、s, we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No, they don t.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。構(gòu)成： 主語 be 動詞動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞其它成分（現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄）We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.變疑問句將be 動詞移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a ca

6、t?Are the boys swimming across the river?變否定句在be 動詞后面加notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑問句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑問詞動詞主語現(xiàn)在分詞What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背 )沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)

7、的動詞表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動作1. 表示感覺，感官的詞see, hear, like, love, want,2. have, has 當(dāng) ”擁有 ”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)3. 一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事件，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如 yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有 be 動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is 的過去式為 was， are 的過去式為 wereI was at the butcher s.You were a student a year ago.

8、The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.變疑問句將be 動詞移動到句首Were you at the butcher s?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?變否定句在be 動詞后面加notI was not at the butcher s.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes,

9、I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑問句：What did you do?(必背 )不含有 be 動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式，動詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.變疑問句在句首加did ， 動詞變?yōu)樵虳id you finish your homewo

10、rk yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I did. No, I didn t.Yes, he did. No, he didn t.Yes

11、, they did. No, they did not.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語 +助動詞 have, has+過去分詞用法：2) 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動作，常和 just, usually, already, since 等時(shí)間副詞連用I have just had lunch. ( 飽了，不用再吃了 ) He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book. （已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）3) 詢問別人

12、是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?4) 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.8) 表示一種經(jīng)歷， 經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過 地方，做過 事情，經(jīng)歷過 事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cin

13、ema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to 表示去過， have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.( 人已經(jīng)回來 )He has gone to London.（人還在那里）11) 表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，變否定句在助動詞后面加not.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I ha

14、ve not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑問句：What have you done?What has he done?一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)注意：有些動詞表示的動作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用錯(cuò)： I ve left Beijing for 3 days.對： I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3days.5. 一般將來時(shí)表示將來將要發(fā)生的動作，經(jīng)常和 to

15、morrow, next year, theday after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hourstime, etc. 表示將來的詞聯(lián)用結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +助動詞 will+ 動詞原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Wi

16、ll the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?變否定句在助動詞后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next. Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will not.Y

17、es, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑問句：What will you do?6. 過去完成時(shí)：用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動作要用過去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)： had+過去分詞After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.Af

18、ter/before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號，如果放在主句后則不用加。5 變疑問句將助動詞移到句首Had she finished her homework?6 變否定句在助動詞后面加notShe hadn t finished her homework.7 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadn t.8 特殊疑問句：What had she done?7. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作,經(jīng)常用在 when, while, as 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were+doingWhen my husband was going i

19、nto the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.8 過去將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)： would doShe said she would go here the next morning.3 特殊句型： there be 句型， be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)1. Be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +be 動詞 +going to +動詞原型I am going to make a

20、 bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.變疑問句將be 動詞移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?變否定句在be 動詞后面加notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint i

21、t.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑問句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?(必背 )2. There be 句型表示哪里有什么東西 (某處有某物 )2 There is單數(shù)名詞表示場所的詞（一

22、般為介詞詞組）There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the table5 There are 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示場所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.變疑問句將be 動詞移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?變否定句在動詞后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens

23、on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.4 問句：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句1 一般疑問句 : 助動詞 /be 動詞 +主語Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?2 特殊疑問句 : 特殊疑問詞 +一般疑問句What is your name?3 選擇疑問句 : orDo you want beef or lamb?5 反意疑問句 : 肯定陳述句 +否定

24、疑問部分，否定陳述部分 +肯定疑問部分You don t need that pen, do you?6 否定疑問句 : 一般疑問句 +否定詞Aren t you lucky? Don t you want have a rest?5 冠詞用法： a/an/the 的一般用法詳細(xì)見筆記6 限定詞： some, any, many, much7 some, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當(dāng)期待對方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用 some8 many 修飾可數(shù)名詞，much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用 a

25、lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用 many, much.I have a lot of money. I don t have much money.12 名詞：種類，復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格1名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞3 不可數(shù)名詞無法分開的東西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice （米）抽象的東西： love, beauty, coldness（寒冷）不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：2 不能用 a, an 修飾3 不能加 s4 和單數(shù) be 動詞或動詞搭配5 可數(shù)名詞：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s,名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化：規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則

26、1 一般情況 +s e.g. shellshells bookbooks規(guī)則2 以 s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾 +es e.g.fox foxes church churches, bus buses, watch watches規(guī)則3 以o 結(jié)尾+s或+es e.g. potatopotatoes,Negro Negroes, hero heroes, tomato tomatoes，（口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿），剩下一般加s, radioradios規(guī)則4 以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為ves e.g.life liveshalf halves, shelf shelves,

27、 city cities,wife wives規(guī)則 5 以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾 , 變 y 為 i+es e.g.sky skies fly flies不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù) man woman foot goose tooth復(fù)數(shù) men women feet geeseteeth單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)child sheep deer mouse fish children sheep deer mice fish13 介詞 ( 注意總結(jié)書上詞組)14 副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化15 副詞可以修飾形容詞，動詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如：The book is very good.He runs fas

28、t.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.4 變化：5 直接在形容詞后加 -ly, careful-carefully, slow-slowly,3 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y 變 I, 加-ly,happy-happily, lucky-luckily6 有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化fast, hard, late7 有些詞加上 -ly 后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)：neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately,15 情態(tài)動詞的使用：can, must, may, mig

29、ht, need,1情態(tài)動詞can（能夠） , must（必須） , may（可以）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +can/must/may+ 動詞原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.變疑問句將情態(tài)動詞移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?變否定句在情態(tài)動詞后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.肯定回答

30、及否定回答Yes, he can. No, he cannot.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot.特殊疑問句：What can you do?(必背 )注意：情態(tài)動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動詞或動詞后面加S。2 Must/have to 的區(qū)別must 表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，have to 是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而 have to do 可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3 must, may, might 表示猜測：1 must do 表示對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)

31、的猜測2 must have done 表示對過去事實(shí)的猜測3 must have been doing 表示對過去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測4 may/might do, may/might have done 表示沒有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測， might 的可能性更小。5 can t/couldn 表示t不可能4 need 用法：5 表示 “需要 ”時(shí)為實(shí)意動詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：I need a pen. Do you need any beer? No, I don t.I need to have a rest.7 Need doing=need to be done，表示被動T

32、he flowers need watering.8 Need 在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動詞使用You needn t go so early. =You don t need to go so early.Mu st I clean the desk right now? No, you needn t.18 不定代詞及不定副詞：Some any no everything something anything nothing everything one someone anyone anything everyonewhere somewhere anywhere anywhere everywh

33、ere body somebody anybody nobody everybodyI looked f or my book everywhere, but I can t find it anywhere. If you want go somewhere, if you want to be someone, you must wake up.Help! Somebody? Anybody?You are really something.Since everybody is here, let s begin our class.Where did you go? I went now

34、here.Nobody is at home.I have nothing left.19 感嘆句：20 What + 名詞 +主語 +謂語What a beautiful girl she is!11 How +形容詞 +主語 +謂語How beautiful the girl is!20 祈使句：21 第二人稱：22 let+其他人稱代詞23 祈使句的否定，加 dont24 反意疑問祈使句（第二人稱）祈使句表示請求，命令，建議，邀請等，謂語動詞一律用原型，句子中通常不用主語， 句末用驚嘆好或者句號， 用降調(diào)?？隙ň?動詞原型例， Come here, please. Go downstai

35、rs, please. Stand up. Sitdown. Be quiet. Be careful.祈使句中如果有喚語，一定要用逗號隔開，放在句首或者句尾Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.否定： Don't+ 動詞原型Don't come here.Don t sit down.Don t standup.Don t give me it.let sb. doLet me pass.Let us have a rest.Let s have a rest.(反意疑問 )：Let s hav

36、e a walk along the river, shall we?Let us go out for a drink, will you?21 倒裝句： so/neither 的倒裝 eg.He can swim. So can I.I didn t go to class. Neitherid Id.結(jié)構(gòu)：so/neither+be+ 主語so/neither+助動詞 + 主語so/neither+情態(tài)動詞 + 主語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) , do, does/am, is, are現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) , am, is, are一般過去時(shí) , did現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) , have, has一般將來時(shí) , will

37、, shall,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)， was, were過去完成時(shí)， had過去將來時(shí) , would22 直接引語 /間接引語如果引語的主句所用動詞為過去時(shí)，那么間接引語要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞5 時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí) 過去將來時(shí)be going to was/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might7 時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day,this-that 8 人稱變

38、化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。9 直接賓語 /間接賓語主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，間接賓語是及物動詞的動作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的，或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔(dān)當(dāng)。He gives me a book.me 間接賓語 , a book 直接賓語直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to 或 for主語及物動詞直接賓語介詞+間接賓語Give me a book.Give the book to me.Send his a letter.Send a letter to him.Show him the new dres

39、s.Show the new dress to him.24 從句：賓語從句，定語從句（限定性），表語從句，狀語從句（if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句）13 賓語從句： 如果賓語從句的主句中的動詞為過去時(shí)，那么賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句統(tǒng)一；如果賓語從句為疑問詞引導(dǎo)，那么語序要用陳述語序，即主語在前，動詞在后。14 定語從句：15 表語從句：16 狀語從句（ if 引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句）：主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)What will you do if you win a lot of money?If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.26 動詞不定式做賓語

40、及賓語補(bǔ)語的用法( 詳細(xì)用法請見NECII)結(jié)構(gòu)：to do,用法：可以做除謂語以外的所有成分，語法上稱之為非謂語動詞。做賓語：在一些動詞后常用不定式做賓語，例如：want, like,ask ,try做賓補(bǔ)：want sb. to do, ask sb. to do, like sb. to do附錄：代詞及 be 動詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式動詞現(xiàn)在分詞動詞過去式過去式的讀音形容詞的比較級形容詞和副詞的最高級代詞及 be 動詞 第一人稱 第二人稱第三人稱.單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)主格 I we you you she/he/it they賓格 me us you you h

41、er/him/it them代詞所有格my our your your her/his/its their名詞性代詞 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs be 動詞現(xiàn)在時(shí) Am are are are is arebe 動詞過去時(shí)was were were were was were名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1一般情況 +s e.g. shellshellstoy toys規(guī)則 2以 s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾 +es e.g.fox foxes church churches規(guī)則 3以 o 結(jié)尾 s 或 +es e.g. rad

42、io radiospotato potatoes規(guī)則 4以 f, fe 結(jié)尾的，變 f, fe為 ves e.g.life liveshalf halves規(guī)則 5 以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾 , 變 y 為 i+es e.g.sky skies study studies動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式規(guī)則 1 一般情況 +s e.g. like-likes, look-looks規(guī)則 2 以 s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾 +es e.g. do-does, catch-catches 規(guī)則 5 以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾 , 變 y 為 i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies

43、動詞現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則一 一般動詞加 -ing e.g.look-looking,read-reading,play-playing規(guī)則二 以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e 加 -ing e.g.make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving規(guī)則三 重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，雙寫輔音字母再加-inge. g.run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming,stop-stopping動詞過去式規(guī)則動詞變化規(guī)則一 一般動詞加 -ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched,play-played規(guī)則二 以 e 結(jié)尾的加 -d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived規(guī)則三 以輔音字母加結(jié)尾的變y 為 i 加 -ed cry-cried,c