高二英語 新人教語法考點與練習(xí)過去分詞新人教

1、過去分詞考點透視近年來的高考試題對過去分詞的用法特別青睞，頻頻對其進行考查。規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞是在動詞詞尾加-ed，不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的構(gòu)成規(guī)則，需要單獨記憶。及物動詞的過去分詞既表示被動，又表示完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示動作的完成。過去分詞可以在句子中作定語、賓語補足語、狀語、表語等。下面結(jié)合高考試題，對過去分詞的用法作一歸納總結(jié)。一、過去分詞作定語高*考*資*源*網(wǎng)過去分詞作定語所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，而且與它所修飾的名詞或代詞在邏輯上為被動關(guān)系，即被過去分詞（短語）所修飾的名詞或代詞是分詞動作的承受者?！究祭縁or breakfast he only drink

2、s juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. (2009北京卷)A. grown B. being grownC. to be grown D. to grow高*考*資*源*網(wǎng)【解析】A?？疾榉衷~作定語。根據(jù)分詞與其邏輯主語fruit的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)選擇過去分詞grown，相當于定語從句which / that is grown。The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.（2008湖南卷）高*考*資*源*網(wǎng) A. being blown down B. blown down C. blo

3、wing down D. to blow down【解析】B。作定語的非謂語動詞blow down與其邏輯主語the trees在邏輯上是動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用表示被動意義的過去分詞；C、D項表示主動意義；A項表示正在進行的被動動作，與語境不符。 “Things _ never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself.（2007湖南卷） A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost 【解析】A。動詞lose與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞作定語。二、過去分詞作賓補高*考*資*源*網(wǎng)過去分詞作賓

4、語補足語考查的重點是have sth. done, make oneself heard / known / understood等。過去分詞作賓補時，從邏輯上應(yīng)抓住賓語與賓補之間的語態(tài)關(guān)系，即二者之間是被動關(guān)系，賓語是分詞動作的承受者?！究祭扛?考*資*源*網(wǎng) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can.（2008江蘇卷） A. speak.B. speakingC. spokenD. to speak【解析】C。作賓補的非謂語動詞speak與其邏輯主語Eng

5、lsih之間含有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)使用表示被動意義的過去分詞。高*考*資*源*網(wǎng)He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _ in his lectures. （2007江蘇卷）A. interestedB. interestingC. interestD. to interest【解析】A?？疾榉侵^語動詞作賓補。使動詞(amuse, bore, disappoint, excite, freeze, frighten, horrify, inspire, interest, move, su

6、rprise, touch等)的同根形容詞有v.-ing和v.-ed兩種形式。 v.-ing表示主語所具有的特征，意思是“令人的”； v.-ed表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意思是“某人感到的”。本題賓補修飾指人的賓語應(yīng)使用過去分詞。Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period.（2007福建卷）高*考*資*源*網(wǎng)A. improvedB. improvingC. to improveD. improve【解析】A。作賓補的非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語（her

7、 written English）在邏輯上有被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用表示被動意義的過去分詞。三、過去分詞作狀語高*考*資*源*網(wǎng)過去分詞作狀語時重點判斷出分詞邏輯主語以及邏輯主語與分詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系。若二者之間為被動關(guān)系，即邏輯主語是分詞動作的承受者，則用過去分詞。過去分詞作狀語相當于一個狀語從句，表示原因、時間、條件、伴隨等，有時過去分詞前也可加上連詞when, while, if, unless, though等。過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語是句子中的主語，表示被動或完成意義。【考例】 _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unles

8、s we changed our dog. (2009北京卷) A. Being bitten B. BittenC. Having bitten D. To be bitten【解析】B。分詞與其邏輯主語the postman在邏輯上含有動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用表示被動意義的過去分詞作狀語。 _ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.（2007浙江卷） A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 【解析】A。根據(jù)語境：農(nóng)民被蔬菜的

9、大量需求所驅(qū)動，建起了更多的溫室大棚。分詞與其邏輯主語farmers在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞作狀語。 The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day.（2007四川卷） A. watered B. watering B. water D. to water【解析】A。分詞與其邏輯主語flowers之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞。We all know that, _, the situation will get worse. （2007全國卷I） A. not if dealt carefully wi

10、th B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with高*考*資*源*網(wǎng)【解析】B。分詞與其邏輯主語the situation之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞。四、過去分詞作表語高*考*資*源*網(wǎng)過去分詞作表語，其主語通常是人，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或表示主語對某事的感覺，意思是“（某人）的”；而現(xiàn)在分詞其主語通常是物，表示主語的特征，意思是“令人的”。常用作表語的過去分詞有：interested, moved, discouraged, amused, a

11、stonished, surprised, frightened, excited, moved, inspired, tired, worried, hurt, crowded, gone, broken, dressed, wounded, pleased等。高*考*資*源*網(wǎng)【考例】Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.(2009四川卷)A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat【解析】A。remain是連系動詞，其后接表語。s

12、eat是及物動詞，當后面沒有賓語時應(yīng)使用be seated，此處用作表語，應(yīng)使用過去分詞形式。高*考*資*源*網(wǎng) Tom sounds very much _ in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it.（2006安徽卷） A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly 【解析】A。sound是連系動詞，應(yīng)使用形容詞化的分詞作表語。interest的現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語所具有的特征，意思是“令人感興趣的”；過去分詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，意思是“感興趣的”。五、過去

13、分詞用于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，又叫做獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。在形式上與主句沒有任何關(guān)系，但是在意思上卻與主句密切聯(lián)系在一起，共同構(gòu)筑成一個完整的語義環(huán)境。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)只有邏輯上的主語，沒有主語和謂語，所以在句法上不是句子，而是一個獨立于句子成分之外的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)分為四類：1.獨立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)；2.獨立不定式結(jié)構(gòu)；3.獨立無動詞結(jié)構(gòu)；4.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)?！究祭扛?考*資*源*網(wǎng) The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the end of last March. (2007山東卷

14、)A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched 【解析】B。本題解題的關(guān)鍵在于中間的逗號，本句中沒有出現(xiàn)連詞，說明這不是一個復(fù)合句，因此后面部分不是句子，只能是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，由recent可知應(yīng)使用分詞的完成時。 The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. （2007重慶卷）A. finishing B. finishedC. had finished D. were

15、 finished【解析】B。中間的逗號說明這是一個含有獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句，分詞與其邏輯主語their lessons含有邏輯上的被動意義，應(yīng)使用過去分詞。 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽卷） A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished【解析】B?？疾閣ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓補的分詞的選用。his work與作賓補的分詞含有邏輯上的被動意義，應(yīng)使用過去分詞作賓補?！緦崙?zhàn)演練

16、】I. 用括號里動詞的適當形式填空：1. Generally speaking, when _ (take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.2. _ (see) the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _ (frighten) out of her life.3. The speaker raised his voice but couldnt make himself _(hear).4. Most of the photographers _

17、(invite) to the conference were from north Europe.5. A cool rain was falling, _ (mix) with snow.6. _ (settle) in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.7. _ (determine) to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately. 高*考*資*源*網(wǎng)8. _ (leave) alone in the dark room, the little boy w

18、as so frightened as to cry.9. Mrs. Bush stood _ (surprise) for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.10. All things _ (consider), the planned trip will have to be called off. II. 單項選擇：1. The boy lay on his back, his teeth _ and his glaring eyes_ into the darkness.A. set; looked B

19、. set; looking C. setting; looked D. setting; looking2. _ who she was, she said she was Mr. Johnsons friend.A. Asking B. Asked C. To be asked D. When asking3. From the dateson the gold coin, it is conformed that it was made five hundred years ago.A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been m

20、arked4. All things _, his proposal is of greater value than yours.A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. consider5. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _ in my study. 高*考*資*源*網(wǎng)A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. being locked6. You will find the word “psychology” _ under “P” in your dictionary.A. have listed B. list C. listed D. listing7. And there, almost _in the big chair, sat her little b