高中現(xiàn)在完成時講解與練習(xí)非常詳細(xì)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時講解與練習(xí)一、 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成1. 現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+助動詞have(has) +動詞過去分詞 否定句：have/has后加not, havent/hasnt一般疑問句：前提have/has被動：have /has been +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞2現(xiàn)在完成時的概念：1) 表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。-Have you had your lunch yet?你吃過午飯了嗎？-Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我剛吃過。 (現(xiàn)在我不餓了。)I have already posted the photos. 我已經(jīng)寄過這些照片。(這些照

2、片已不在我這里了。)2) 過去發(fā)生的事情，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（其謂語動詞多是延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞）。I havent seen her these days. 近來我一直沒見過他。Ive known Li Lei for three years. 我認(rèn)識李雷已經(jīng)三年了。They have lived here since 1996. 他們自從1996年就住在這兒。She has taught us since I came to this school. 自從我來這所學(xué)校，她就教我。3. 現(xiàn)在完成時多與下列時間狀語連用： 1) 用于“過去發(fā)生的事，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果”的時間狀語有：alre

3、ady(已經(jīng)肯定句) yet(還;尚未否/疑問句) -Hashephonedyouyet?-No,notyet. never(從未) ever(曾經(jīng)疑問句)Have you ever talked to him about it ?just(剛剛) before(以前) already用于肯定句，可放在助動詞之后、過去分詞之前，也可放在句末；yet用在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”，用在否定句中表示“還”，常放在句末；ever意為“曾經(jīng)”，用于疑問句或否定句中，放在助動詞與過去分詞之間；never意為“從來都沒有”，常和before連用，多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。Eg.Ihavenevertravel

4、edbyplanebefore.before意為“以前”，指過去不確定的某個時間，總是放在句末，不受句型的限制。Eg.Ihaventheardofitbefore. 2) 用于“過去發(fā)生的事，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”的時間狀語有：for + 時間段(for two years)since two years agosince + 時間點 since 2008Since then since he came here.so far(目前;迄今為止) up to now=till now=by now到現(xiàn)在為止；直到現(xiàn)在 all the time 總是；一直 recently lately最近 these

5、 days 近幾天 【by the end of到末/結(jié)束】by the end of this year 到今年年末 by the end of this month到本月末 during /over the last (past) few years 在過去的幾年中 in the last /past months在過去的幾個月中 in the past/last few days/years 在過去的這幾天 3) This/It is the first/second time + that從句 that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時 This is the first time that I ha

6、ve come here. 4）在條件，時間，讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時以前已完成的動作 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 3. have(has) been 和 have(has) gone 區(qū)分 1) have/ has gone (to) 表示某人已經(jīng)去了某地，人不在這兒。 -Where is Jim? He has gone to London. (人不在這兒，已去了London) 2

7、) have/ has been (to) 表示曾經(jīng)到過某地，但現(xiàn)在人已回來。 I have been to Shanghai twice. 我到過上海兩次。（以前去的上海，現(xiàn)在人已回來） -Where have you been, Jim? 吉姆，你去了哪里？ -I have been to the library. 我去了圖書館。后面還可以跟不定式Ivebeentoseemygrandmother.(現(xiàn)已回來) Shesbeentodosomeshopping.3) have/has been in + 地點 (adv. 去to) 在某處呆過多長時間 (現(xiàn)在還在那里) How long h

8、ave you been here/there? I have been here/there for 10 years. 你在這里多長時間了？ 我在這里10年了。(現(xiàn)在還在) Dashan has been in China since 20years ago. 大山自從20年前就在中國。(現(xiàn)在還在) How long have been at this school? I have been here for over two years. 你在這所學(xué)校多長時間了？ 我在這里兩年多了。 (現(xiàn)在還在)4.havegot的特殊用法：havegot在形式上時現(xiàn)在完成時，在意思上和have相同：H

9、aveyougot(=Doyouhave)atimetable?Shehasntgotanyrelations.Ivegotanotherthreeminutes.5.havegotto和haveto意思相同：havegotto和haveto意思相同：havegotto=haveto,表示“不得不”：Youvegottobecareful.Thatswhatwevegottodo.Youvegottokeepthisinmind.在口語中，have有時可以省略。Wegottomakeendsmeet.我們得收支相抵。 二、現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的

10、影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 2004 等。而一般過去時只表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在沒有任何關(guān)系，它可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用。I have seen the film. 我看過這部電影。 （我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。）I saw the film last week.我上星期看了這部電影.(只說明上星期看了這部電影,不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況)He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以來他一直住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里）He lived her

11、e in 1992. 1992年他住在這里。（不涉及現(xiàn)在他是否還住在這里）把下列句子分別變成否定句、一般疑問句并作回答。1) I have already cleaned the room. 否定句: _ 一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答:_ 2) Jim has never been to Harbin.一般疑問句：_ 肯定回答：_ 否定回答:_ 3)We have lived here since 2 years ago.否定句: _ 一般疑問句：_ 對畫線部分提問：_三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I _(learn) 2000 English words so far. 2. T

12、he old man _(live) here for 40 years. 3. I _(not see) you for ten years. 4. _ you _ (sweep) the floor today? It is so dirty. 5. _ he _(spend) all his money? Yes, he has.四、短暫性動詞與持續(xù)性動詞 在現(xiàn)在完成時中的運用在現(xiàn)在完成時中, 短暫性動詞一般不與時間段連用。即:不與for, since短語或how long問句連用。非延續(xù)性動詞與一段時間連用時可采用下述三種方法：a.將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞練習(xí)：將下列非延續(xù)性動詞

13、轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞buy ;borrow ;open ;close；begin/start;come;go/leave;finish ;died;catchacold;puton;getup；wakeupfallasleep ;lose ;join leave1.Helefthisoffice3hoursago.Hefromhisofficefor3hours.It3hourssincehelefthisoffice.2.Hehasbeendead4years.Heago.Ithasbeenhedied.b.將時間狀語改為過去時間，并用一般過去時代替現(xiàn)在完成時。Eg.Ihavebeenawayf

14、romthisschoolforeightyears.Ileftthisschooleightyearsago.c.用句型“itis+一段時間+since從句（從句中的謂語動詞用非延續(xù)性動詞的一般過去式）”表示。如：Itistwoyearssincetheoldmandied.注意：瞬間動詞在完成時態(tài)中的否定式可以接一段時間。如：ExercisesTureorFalseHehascometoBeijingsincelastyear.()HehaslivedinBeijingsincelastyear.()Hehasjoinedthearmyfor3years.()Hehasservedinth

15、earmyfor3years.()Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.()Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.()Itis3yearssincehejoinedthearmy.()Hehasjoinedthearmy.()短暫性動詞與時間段連用時，要轉(zhuǎn)化成表示狀態(tài)的詞或短語。 leavebe away (from) 離開1. She _ (leave) home last week.2. She has already_ (leave) home.3. She_ home for a week.A. has left B. left C. has been aw

16、ay D. has been away from4. How long has she _ home?A. left B. leaved C. been away from die v. be dead adj. 死亡 1. The old man is_ . He_ ten years ago.2. He has_ for ten years. (die/dead填空)3. ( ) How long has he_ ?A. died B. been dead C. die D. been die joinbe in /be a member of 加入/成為 join the League

17、入團(tuán) join the Party 入黨 join the army 參軍A: When did Zhao Lin _ the League? B: He_ the League last year. He has _the League for one year. borrow/lendkeep 借用1. A: I_ a book from the library yesterday. B: How long _ you_ it? A: I can _ it for a week.2. He _ the dictionary since last week. A. borrowed B. h

18、as borrowed C. has kept D. kept buyhave 買1. A: 我買了一輛自行車。I _ _a bike.B: 你買了多長時間了？How long _ you _ it?A: 我上個月買的。I _ it last month.2. I _ this pair of skates for two years. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had begin/startbe on 開始 The movie _ (start) half an hour ago. It _ for thirty minutes. ope

19、nbe open 開始/開業(yè)A: When did the factory _? B: It _ ten years ago. A: How long has it _?B: It has _ for ten years. closebe closed 關(guān)閉/停產(chǎn) A: When did the shop_?B: It _ a month ago.A: How long has it _.B: It has _ for a month. arrive/comebe in /at 到達(dá) arrive in/at. 到達(dá)，抵達(dá) come to. 來到.1) A: When did you _ in

20、 Shanghai?B: I _ here last week.A: How long have you _ _ Shanghai?B: I have _ here for a week.2) I_ to this school last year. I have_ _ this school for a year. get a cold/ catch a cold-have a cold 感冒 (用get catch have 適當(dāng)形式填空)1. I _/_ a cold last week. And Im not feeling well now. So I _ a cold for a

21、week.2. I _ a cold since last week.A. have got B. have caught C. have had D. got練習(xí)：1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .b

22、efore . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this schoo

23、l for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、These farmers have been to the United States . Re

24、ally ? When _ there ? . will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined

25、. was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on. bega

26、n15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The students have cleaned the class

27、room, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D.

28、 has left the university 5、 補(bǔ)充1)由since引導(dǎo)的從句中的時態(tài)：由since引導(dǎo)的從句一般用過去時（主句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時）Wevebeenfriendseversincewemetatschool.MuchhaschangedsinceIwastherelasttime.2)當(dāng)表示有多少時間時，主句謂語可用一般現(xiàn)在時：ItstwoyearssinceIlefthome.Howlongisitsinceyoucameherelasttime?3) 在下面句型中也可用現(xiàn)在完成時：出現(xiàn)最高級ThisisthebestteaIhaveeverdrunk.Thisis

29、themostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.ThisistheeasiestjobIhaveeverhad.一、單項選擇。 1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚攸c在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。 2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。 3、C 4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（

30、近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。 5、C 6、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“for +時間段或since +過去時間點”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。故6應(yīng)選C。 7、C 8、現(xiàn)在完成時還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故8應(yīng)選B。 9、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆，就是因為它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時

31、表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，說話的側(cè)重點在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動作，它不與表示過去的時間狀語（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）連用。故9的正確答案為B。 10、B 11、現(xiàn)在完成時中，非延續(xù)性動詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來代替。故11的正確答案依次為：D。 12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。 16、“have/has gone to + 地點”表示“某人去了某地（還未回來）”，指主語所指的人不在這兒?！癶ave/has been in + 地點”表示“在某地呆了多長時間”，常與表示