高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第二部分語法突破專題7動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語課件概述

1、專題七動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語專題七動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨(dú)立作謂語,必須和表語一起才能構(gòu)成謂語,表示某種持續(xù)狀態(tài)或具有某種特征,也可表示動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或狀態(tài)的開始。常見的連系動(dòng)詞有be(am,is,are,was,were),keep,remain,feel,look,sound,appear,smell,taste,become,grow,get,turn,go,come等。連系動(dòng)詞后面的表語通常是名詞和形容詞,有時(shí)也可以是代詞、副詞、動(dòng)名詞、從句等。She knew she had to keep calm and still until the enemy wen

2、t away from her hiding cave.她知道自己必須保持冷靜,原地不動(dòng),直到敵人從她藏身的山洞走開。A shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.公共交通工具的短缺依然是個(gè)很嚴(yán)重的問題。典例It was already past midnight and only three young men in the tea house.A.leftB.remainedC.delayedD.deserted【解析】句意:早已過了半夜,僅有3位年輕人還留在茶房。remain作系動(dòng)詞,后跟介詞短語作表語。【答案】 B 使役

3、動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞表示“使/讓某人/物”,這些動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,必須接賓語,賓語通常是反身代詞,或者用系表結(jié)構(gòu)“get/be+過去分詞”表示狀態(tài)。常見的使役動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)eave,get,keep,make,let,help,have,dress,devote,addict,seat,amuse,annoy,astonish,disappoint等。Most parents have devoted themselves to their own work,thus spending little time with their children.=Most parents have been devote

4、d to their own work,thus spending little time with their children.大多數(shù)父母都把時(shí)間投入到工作中去了,因此基本上沒有時(shí)間陪伴自己的孩子。 用系表結(jié)構(gòu)表狀態(tài)的固定搭配:be absorbed in專心于be adapted to適應(yīng)be addicted to對(duì)上癮be attached to 附屬于be accustomed to習(xí)慣于be concerned about關(guān)注,關(guān)心be seated入座be lost in全神貫注于 典例1If anyone happens to drop in while I am out,

5、him or her leave a message.A.haveB.getC.askD.tell【解析】句意:如果我外出的時(shí)候碰巧有人來訪,讓他們留個(gè)信息。動(dòng)詞get,ask和tell后需接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,而have是使役動(dòng)詞,其后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。由題干中的動(dòng)詞原形leave可知,have符合題意,故選A項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?A典例2He cant finish all the tasks within a day,so he got his brother (help) him.【解析】句意:他無法在一天之內(nèi)完成所有的任務(wù),所以他讓弟弟來幫忙。get作使役動(dòng)詞時(shí)的用法

6、為get sb.to do sth.,意為“使某人做某事”?！敬鸢浮?to help 接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞要接雙賓語,其中,動(dòng)作的直接承受者是直接賓語,而間接承受者(人)是間接賓語,即“動(dòng)詞+sb.+sth.”。常見的接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有pay,buy,read,offer,teach,do,set,promise,tell,relate,give,show,wish,return,ask,pass,hand等。He paid a dealer 10,000 dollars for that car.他用一萬美元從經(jīng)銷商手中買了這輛汽車。He taught me (how) to ride.他教

7、我騎車?！百e賓”花錢買書看,提出教書做示范;答應(yīng)告訴給你看,愿望還要代代傳。 用于“謂語+sb.+of+sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞用于“謂語+sb.+of+sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞主要有inform,advise,notify,tell,remind,cure,heal,cheat,warn,convince,suspect,accuse,convict,deprive,assure,relieve,rid,rob等。How can I convince you of her honesty?我怎樣才能使你相信她很誠實(shí)呢?What made you suspect her of having taken

8、 the money?你憑什么懷疑錢是她偷的?通告提醒治欺騙,警告說服嫌疑犯;控告宣判奪其權(quán),確保消除搶劫案。 典例1A notice was put up in order to remind the students the changed lecture time.【解析】句意:一則通知張貼出來了,以便告知學(xué)生們更改的演講時(shí)間。remind sb.of sth.為固定搭配,表示“提醒某人某事”?！敬鸢浮?of典例2She accused him stealing her car last night.【解析】句意:她指控他昨晚偷了她的車。accuse sb.of (doing) sth.

9、為固定搭配,表示“指控某人(做)某事”?！敬鸢浮?of 動(dòng)詞搭配1.動(dòng)詞+賓語+for。此類動(dòng)詞有ask,blame,criticize,excuse,forgive,mistake,praise,punish,recommend,remember,reward,search,scold,take,thank,turn to等。2.動(dòng)詞+賓語+from。此類動(dòng)詞有bring,choose,excuse,remove,keep,prevent,protect,save,separate等。3.動(dòng)詞+賓語+in。此類動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ain,employ,encourage,invest,involve等。

10、4.動(dòng)詞+賓語+into。此類動(dòng)詞有argue,force,persuade,reason,talk,frighten等。5.動(dòng)詞+賓語+on。此類動(dòng)詞有congratulate,force等。 6.動(dòng)詞+賓語+with。此類動(dòng)詞有arm,busy,charge,combine,compare,confuse,fill,furnish,help,load,present,provide,serve,supply,trouble,trust等。7.動(dòng)詞+賓語+by/on/in+身體部位。此類動(dòng)詞有catch,hit,pull,shake,seize,strike,take等。典例(2014安徽高

11、考)Terry,please your cellphone when grandma is talking to you.A.look up fromB.look intoC.look back onD.look through【解析】句意:特里,祖母和你說話時(shí),不要看著手機(jī)。look up from為固定短語,意為“從抬頭往上看”。故選A項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮?A 一、單句填空1.Most of the people presentthe lecture were university students.1.at。固定短語(be) present at意為“出席”。2.The letters USA

12、standthe United States of America.2.for。固定短語stand for意為“代表”。3.He apologizedthe chairman for being late.3.to。固定搭配apologize to sb.for sth.意為“因某事向某人道歉”。4.Whatever you do at your spare time should not do harmothers.4.to。固定短語do harm to意為“傷害”。5.Life mainly consistshappiness and sorrow while happiness and

13、sorrow consiststruggle.5.of;in。句意:生活主要由幸福和悲傷組成,而幸福和悲傷在于奮斗。固定短語consist of意為“由組成”;consist in意為“在于”。 6.Mr Smith was(please)that his father was being taken care of in the Home of the Aged.6.pleased。此處作表語修飾人,故用形容詞pleased。7.We havent told our friends about our(remove) to London.7.removal。空格前有物主代詞修飾,故用名詞re

14、moval。our removal作介詞about的賓語。8.To be honest with you,I dont think youll pass the(enter) examination.8.entrance。the entrance examination為固定搭配,意為“入學(xué)考試”,故用entrance。9.Twenty three people,(include) three babies,were injured in the traffic accident.9.including。此處應(yīng)當(dāng)用介詞短語補(bǔ)充說明,故填including。10.No one is to see

15、 the document without the(permit) of the writer of the report.10.permission。所填詞被定冠詞the修飾,故用名詞permission。the permission作without的賓語。11.The shopkeeper looked him in(astonish) and then began laughing.11.astonishment。所填詞位于介詞in的后面,故用名詞astonishment。 12.Our city has changed beyond all(recognize) in the past

16、 20 years,a completely new one in front of me.12.recognition。句意:我們的城市在過去20年里完全變了樣,讓人都認(rèn)不出來了。呈現(xiàn)在我面前的是一座全新的城市。beyond是介詞,其后應(yīng)接名詞作賓語,recognize的名詞形式為recognition。13.Its beyond belief what great trouble he has as a child(support) the whole family.13.supporting。此處為have great trouble (in) doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。14.(surr

17、ound) by a lot of newsmen,the newly-elected mayor of the city felt he had to say something.14.Surrounded。主語the newly-elected mayor與surround之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用過去分詞作狀語。句意:被很多新聞?dòng)浾甙鼑?這位新當(dāng)選的市長覺得他得說些什么。15.With five minutes (go) before the last train left,we arrived at the station.15.to go。此處應(yīng)用不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作,構(gòu)成with復(fù)合結(jié)

18、構(gòu)。 二、語法填空One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country.He wanted to show his son 1.the poor lived,so his son could be thankful 2.his wealth.They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of what would be considered a very poor family.On their return the father asked his son to explain

19、 what he had learned.The boy,who had remained silent and deep in 3. (think) on the journey home,4.(reply) in a way that shocked his father.The boy said he wanted to become a farmer.He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night stars to give them light while his family had only expensive lanterns(臺(tái)燈).His wish was to have a farm 5. he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home.Finally he asked his father,“What makes us 6.(safe),large walls around our house or