物流專業(yè)英語(yǔ)翻譯對(duì)照

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上What is logistics Management? 什么是物流管理1.The Definition of logistics物流管理的定義After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transferofgoodsfrom the supplier(seller)to the customer(buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. Duringthe

2、 transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment (logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place. 完成商業(yè)交易后 物流將以最有效的成本方式以最有效的成本方式實(shí)行從供應(yīng)商（賣方）到客戶（買方）貨物轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)。這就是物流

3、的定義。在轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)過(guò)程中，像物流設(shè)施和設(shè)備（物流運(yùn)輸工具）之類的硬件是必要的，也需要信息控制和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理。 另外，來(lái)自政府和物流協(xié)會(huì)的支持應(yīng)該到位。Three major functions of logistics.物流的三個(gè)主要功能 (1) Creating time value: same goods can be valued different at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics.

4、It creates the time value for goods.創(chuàng)造時(shí)間價(jià)值：同樣的貨物在不同的時(shí)間有不同的價(jià)值。貨物常常在轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)過(guò)程中處于滯留狀態(tài)，用專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)這被叫做物流儲(chǔ)存。它創(chuàng)造貨物的時(shí)間價(jià)值。(2) Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics.創(chuàng)造場(chǎng)所價(jià)值：同樣的貨物在不同的場(chǎng)所可被不同地定值。

5、轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)過(guò)程中被累加的價(jià)值就是物流的場(chǎng)所價(jià)值。(3) Distribution processing Value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packagesof the goods. Like popular saying, “cutting into smaller parts” is themost commonly seen distribution processing form. Most processing wit

6、hin logistics create added value for goods.經(jīng)銷過(guò)程價(jià)值：有時(shí)物流創(chuàng)造經(jīng)銷過(guò)程價(jià)值，這一經(jīng)銷過(guò)程改變貨物的長(zhǎng)度、厚度和包裝。 正像流行說(shuō)法，“分割成更小塊”是最常見(jiàn)的經(jīng)銷加工形式。物流的大部分過(guò)程創(chuàng)造貨物的附加值。Logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. The main differences between these two stages include:物流是一項(xiàng)新的商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，從傳統(tǒng)階段到現(xiàn)代階段發(fā)展而來(lái)。

7、這兩個(gè)階段間的主要不同點(diǎn)包括：(1) Modern logistics adopts containerization techniques. The goods transfer process starts with packaging, followed by transportation, storage and distribution. The whole process is operated under logistics standards. Based on the logistics base module of 600400mm, form the logistics

8、module of 1,2001,000mm, and enlarge to the size of 2,5912,438mm -the size of highwide of the container. It can be adjusted to the standard sizes of containers for trains, trucks and ships. 現(xiàn)代物流采用集裝箱運(yùn)輸技術(shù)。 貨物運(yùn)輸過(guò)程從包裝開(kāi)始，接著是運(yùn)輸、儲(chǔ)存及經(jīng)銷。整個(gè)過(guò)程在物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下進(jìn)行基于物流600400MM的基礎(chǔ)模數(shù)，形成1,2001,000mm的物流模數(shù)，并放大到2,5912,438mm的尺寸即集裝

9、箱高乘寬的尺寸。它也能被調(diào)整到適于鐵運(yùn)、汽運(yùn)和船運(yùn)的集裝箱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸。 Information technologies are most important for modern logistics. BarCode,POS,EDIandGPSsystemsdramatically improve the efficiency and accuracyof the logistics activities.Internet further assists the market development, operations and management of the logistic indu

10、stry.信心息技術(shù)對(duì)現(xiàn)代物流來(lái)說(shuō)極其重要。條碼，銷售點(diǎn)，電子數(shù)據(jù)交換和全球定位系統(tǒng)極大地提高了五六活動(dòng)的效率和精確性。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了物流行業(yè)的市場(chǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)、市場(chǎng)操作和管理。2. Activities Included in Logistics Management物流管理的內(nèi)部活動(dòng)(1) Customer service. Customer service is defined “a customer-oriented philosophy that integrates and manages all customer interface withinthe lowest possibl

11、e costs to achieve optimum results.” Customer services bind all logistics activities. Whether a customer receives the rightproduct under all the right conditions will affect all other operations. 客戶服務(wù)?？蛻舴?wù)被定義為：以客戶至上為宗旨，以最可能低的成本整合、管理所有客戶管理的交界面以取得最佳效果客戶服務(wù)將所有的物流活動(dòng)連接在一起客戶是否能在適當(dāng)?shù)那榫笆盏胶线m的產(chǎn)品將影響到其他操作活動(dòng)。Order

12、 processing. “Order processing can be compared to the human bodys central nerve system, triggering the distribution process and directing the actions to be taken in satisfying order demand”. Order processing activity may be broken down into three categories. Firstly, operating elements, such as orde

13、r entry/editing, scheduling, order-shipping set preparation, and invoicing. Secondly, communication elements, suchasordermodification, order status inquiries, tracing and expediting, errorcorrection,andproducinformation requests; and lastly, credit and collection elements, including credit checking

14、and accounts receivable processing/collecting. 訂單處理。 訂單處理可以比作人的軀體的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)激發(fā)分銷過(guò)程并指導(dǎo)各種活動(dòng)得以進(jìn)行，以滿意訂貨要求。訂單處理活動(dòng)可以被分解成三個(gè)種類。第一，操作部分，諸如訂單錄入與校定，生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃運(yùn)輸方式的準(zhǔn)備工作以及貨物托運(yùn)清單。第二，溝通部分，諸如訂單修訂，訂貨狀況查詢，跟蹤，催促，錯(cuò)誤修正以及產(chǎn)品信息尋求等。最后，信貸與托收部分，包括信貸核查和有效賬戶的處理和托收。Custom services plays an important part in the speed and accuracy of the o

15、rder processing. Advanced systems can reduce the time between order placement and shipment. Orders are often done through computer systems. Advanced systems, although initially expensive to the company, can substantially improve accuracy and efficiency. Often, saving in other logistics expenses(such

16、 as inventory, transportation and warehousing) or increased sales from improved customer service will justify the cost of the system.客戶服務(wù)在訂單處理的速度與精確性方面扮演一個(gè)重要角色。先進(jìn)的系統(tǒng)能夠減少訂單下達(dá)與發(fā)貨之間的時(shí)間。 訂單常常通過(guò)計(jì)算即系統(tǒng)來(lái)完成。先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)雖然起初對(duì)公司來(lái)說(shuō)很昂貴，但它能大大地提高業(yè)務(wù)的準(zhǔn)確性和效率。通常，別的物流開(kāi)支（庫(kù)存，運(yùn)輸和倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)）的節(jié)約，或來(lái)自客戶服務(wù)提升了的銷售的增長(zhǎng)，將證明這一系統(tǒng)提升了的成本是非常值得的。(3)

17、 Communication in logistics. Success in todays business environment requires the management of a complex communications system. Effective communication should exist between:物流溝通 要取得當(dāng)今商務(wù)環(huán)境的成功，就需要復(fù)雜溝通體系的管理。有效的溝通應(yīng)該存在于下面各項(xiàng)之間：(a) the company, its customers and suppliers; 公司及其客戶和供應(yīng)商；(b) major operations o

18、f the company such as marketing, manufacturing, logistics, and finance/accounting 公司的主要運(yùn)作，比如：市場(chǎng)，生產(chǎn)，物流，財(cái)務(wù)/會(huì)計(jì)；(c) logistics-related activities such as customer service, traffic and transportation, warehousing and storage, order processing, and inventory control; 與物流相關(guān)的活動(dòng)，比如：客戶服務(wù)，交通運(yùn)輸，倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)與保管，訂單處理和庫(kù)存控制。

19、(d) Components of each logistics acticity (within inventory control,for example,would be inplant inventory,inventory in transit,and inventory in field warehouses). 每個(gè)組成部分的物流活性（在庫(kù)存控制，例如，將inplant清單，清單中過(guò)境，和在外地的倉(cāng)庫(kù)存貨）。Communication is the vital link between the entire logistics process and customers. 通信之

20、間的重要聯(lián)系，整個(gè)物流過(guò)程和客戶。A firms communications system may be as sophisticated as a computerized management information system (MIS) or as simple as word-of-mouth communicated to individuals whoneed to konw”. 要判斷一家公司的通信系統(tǒng)可作為一種先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)管理信息系統(tǒng)（ MIS ）或簡(jiǎn)單的口耳相傳的傳達(dá)給個(gè)人誰(shuí)“需要知道” 。(4) Inventory control.The inventory cont

21、rol is important to ensure a sufficient supply of product to meet customer and manufacturing requirements.Inventory consumes space and capital. The cost of store inventory can be 14 to over 50 percent of the total cost. Successful inventory control involves determining enough inventories to satisfy

22、customer demand and considering the cost of performing other logistics activities.清單對(duì)照庫(kù)存控制重要的是要確保有足夠的產(chǎn)品以滿足客戶和生產(chǎn)要求。庫(kù)存消耗的空間和資本。成本倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)可14日至百分之五十以上的總成本。成功的庫(kù)存控制涉及確定足夠的庫(kù)存來(lái)滿足客戶的需求，并考慮成本履行其他后勤活動(dòng)。(5) Forecasting demands. Demand forecasting involves determining the amount of product and service that customers w

23、ill require in the future. If is important to all operations such as marketing, manufacturing, and logistics.預(yù)測(cè)的要求。需求預(yù)測(cè)涉及確定數(shù)額的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，客戶將需要在未來(lái)。如果是很重要的所有操作，如市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷，生產(chǎn)和物流。* Marketing forecasts determine promotional strategies, allocation of force,pricing strategies,and market research activities. 市場(chǎng)預(yù)測(cè)確定的促

24、銷策略，分配部隊(duì)，定價(jià)策略，市場(chǎng)調(diào)研活動(dòng)。* Manufacturing forecasts determine production schedules, and acquisition strategies, and in-plant inventory decisions.制造業(yè)預(yù)測(cè)確定生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃，收購(gòu)戰(zhàn)略，并在工廠庫(kù)存的決定。* Logistics forecasts determine product transportation and storage. 物流預(yù)測(cè)確定產(chǎn)品的運(yùn)輸和儲(chǔ)存。Demand forecasting enables managers to allocate th

25、eir resources (budgets) effectively to meet demands. Forecasting can be difficult given the market uncertainties. However, the company should undertake demand forecasting and communicate the results to other departments. Sophisticated computer models,trend analysis, sales force estimates, or other m

26、ethods can help develop such forecasts.使管理人員需求預(yù)測(cè)分配其資源（預(yù)算）有效地滿足需求。預(yù)測(cè)可能很難獲得市場(chǎng)的不確定性。不過(guò)，該公司應(yīng)進(jìn)行需求預(yù)測(cè)和溝通的結(jié)果向其他部門。先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)模型，趨勢(shì)分析，銷售人員的估計(jì)，或其他方法可以幫助制定這樣的預(yù)測(cè)。(6) Transportion. The goods glow is depended on transportation process, it includes selecting the method of shipment(rail, water, truck, air and pipeline),

27、choosing a specific path (routing); complying with various local, state and federl transportation regulations; and being aware of both domestic and international traffic requirements. Transportation is often the largest part in the logistics cost.運(yùn)輸。貨物輝光是取決于運(yùn)輸進(jìn)程，它包括選擇的方法，貨物（鐵路，水路，卡車，空運(yùn)和管道） ，選擇一個(gè)特定的路

28、徑（路由） ;遵守各種地方，州和federl交通法規(guī);和正在認(rèn)識(shí)到國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際交通的需求。交通往往是最大部分的物流成本。(7) Warehousing and storage. Products must be stored at any places unless consumers need them immediately. Warehousing and storage are activities that manage the space needed to hold the inventories. Specific storage activities include: deci

29、ding whether the storage facility should be owned, leased, or rented; warehouse layout and design; product mix considerations; safety and maintenance; security systems; personal training;and productivity measurement.倉(cāng)庫(kù)和儲(chǔ)存。產(chǎn)品必須存放在任何地方，除非消費(fèi)者需要立即。倉(cāng)庫(kù)和儲(chǔ)存的管理活動(dòng)的空間需求舉行清單。特定儲(chǔ)存活動(dòng)包括：決定是否儲(chǔ)存設(shè)施應(yīng)擁有，租借，或租用倉(cāng)庫(kù)的布局和設(shè)計(jì);

30、產(chǎn)品組合的考慮;安全和維修;安全系統(tǒng);個(gè)人培訓(xùn);和生產(chǎn)率衡量。(8) Plant and warehouse site selection. The strategic site near the specific markets can improve the customer service levels and lower transportation costs. When making a site decision, we need to research the product market, customer demands, location of raw materials

31、, component parts and subassemblies. Other major considerations include labor rates, transportation, taxes, security , laws, local community (such as the attitude towards a new industry) land cost, and infrastructure.工廠和倉(cāng)庫(kù)選址。附近的戰(zhàn)略地點(diǎn)的具體市場(chǎng)可以提高客戶服務(wù)水平和降低運(yùn)輸成本。當(dāng)一個(gè)網(wǎng)站的決定，我們需要研究產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)，客戶需求，位置的原材料，部件和組件。其他主要考慮因

32、素包括勞動(dòng)力成本，運(yùn)輸，稅收，安全，法律，地方社區(qū)（如態(tài)度，一個(gè)新的行業(yè)）的土地成本和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。(9) Material handling. It is concerned with handling of all materials, parts, fittings, inventory, and finished goods within a plant or warehouse. Its objectives are 物料搬運(yùn)。它關(guān)注的是搬運(yùn)所有材料 ，零件，配件，庫(kù)存和成品在工廠或倉(cāng)庫(kù)。其目標(biāo)是* Reduce handling possibly 處理可能減少* Minimize tr

33、avel distance 盡量減少旅行距離* Minimize goods in process 盡量減少貨物在進(jìn)程* Provide uniform flow without any negtive element 提供統(tǒng)一的流動(dòng)沒(méi)有任何負(fù)元素* Minimize losses (damaged or stolen goods) 盡量減少損失（損壞或被盜貨物）Handling or carrying is the most frequent activities in the logistics, but generally adds no value to a product, thes

34、e operations should be kept to a minimum. Material handling plays a vital role in reducing inventory, lowering costs, and increasing productivity.處理或攜帶是最常見(jiàn)的物流活動(dòng)，但一般說(shuō)沒(méi)有價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品，這些行動(dòng)應(yīng)保持在最低限度。材料處理方面起著重要作用，降低庫(kù)存，降低成本，并提高生產(chǎn)力。(10) Procurement. Procurement is the acquisition of materials and services from othe

35、r companies. Procurement includes selecting supply locations, determining forms of the material to be acquired, timing, price, quality control, and many other activities. 采購(gòu)。采購(gòu)是購(gòu)買材料和服務(wù)的其它公司。采購(gòu)包括選擇供應(yīng)地點(diǎn)，確定形式的材料將予收購(gòu)，時(shí)間，價(jià)格，質(zhì)量控制，以及許多其他活動(dòng)。(11) Parts and service support. Logistics is heavily connected with

36、 many activities involved in repair and servicing of products. After sales service is usualy part of the transaction. Such as replacing parts when products break down or malfunction. Adequate supplies of spare and replacement parts should be available to customers in need. If the product fail to per

37、form due to malfunction, the supplier of spare parts must respond quickly to avoid extra cost.零件和服務(wù)支持。物流是很大與許多活動(dòng)參與修理和服務(wù)的產(chǎn)品。售后服務(wù)通常是交易的一部分。如更換部件時(shí)，產(chǎn)品打破或故障。充足的備件和更換零件應(yīng)提供給客戶的需要。如果產(chǎn)品未能履行因發(fā)生故障，供應(yīng)商的零部件必須迅速作出反應(yīng)，以避免額外的費(fèi)用。(12) Packaging. Packaging performs two basic functions-marketing and logistics. Inmarketi

38、ng the package acts promotion and advertising. Its size, weight, color, and printed information attract customers and convey knowledge of the product. When firms are involved in international marketing, packaging becomes even more important. Products sold to foreign countries travel greater distance

39、s and undergo more handling operations. The logistics package is to protect the products during the process of logistics.包裝。包裝執(zhí)行兩個(gè)基本職能，營(yíng)銷和物流。 Inmarketing一攬子促進(jìn)和廣告行為。其大小，重量，顏色和印刷信息吸引顧客，并轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)知識(shí)產(chǎn)品。當(dāng)企業(yè)參與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷，包裝變得更加重要。產(chǎn)品遠(yuǎn)銷國(guó)外旅行更遠(yuǎn)的距離，并進(jìn)行更多的處理操作。物流包裝是保護(hù)產(chǎn)品的過(guò)程中的后勤工作。(13) Scrap disposal. The logistics process m

40、ust effectively and quickly handle, transpot, and store waste products. If they can be reused or recycled, logistics company should arrange and move them to the re-production and re-processing locations.廢料處置。物流過(guò)程中必須有效和迅速地處理， transpot ，并儲(chǔ)存廢品。如果可重復(fù)使用或循環(huán)再造，物流公司應(yīng)安排并將其移動(dòng)到重新生產(chǎn)和重新加工的位置。(14) Return goods ha

41、ngling. The handling of return goods is often called reverse distribution. Buyers may return items to the seller for a number of reasons. Most logistics system are not good enough to handle such cases. In many industries, consumers return products for warranty repair, replacement,or recycling, rever

42、se distribution costs may be very high. Reverse distribution will become more important as customers demand more flexible and favorable return policies.退貨處理 。退貨處理往往被稱為逆向物流。買家可能返回項(xiàng)目賣方有許多原因。大多數(shù)物流系統(tǒng)是不夠好，處理這類案件。在許多行業(yè)，消費(fèi)者的產(chǎn)品保修返回修理，更換，或回收，逆向物流費(fèi)用可能會(huì)非常高。逆向分布將變得更為重要，因?yàn)榭蛻舻男枨蟾屿`活的政策和良好的回報(bào)。Reading Material 閱讀材料International Logistics 國(guó)際物流An increasing number of companies are involving in international markets through exporting, licensing, joint ventures, and ownership. This trend