人教版高一英語必修三Unit-4全套課件

1、Lead-inLead-inThe background picture is the whole cosmoskzms/universe (宇宙宇宙).What do you know about it?Its the Galaxy(銀河系銀河系).Theyre planets(行星行星) and stars(恒星恒星).Its the black hole.Its the solar system. Can you enumeratenju:mret(列舉列舉) the planets?，History of the UniverseUnit 4Unit 4Physics Physics

2、ChemistryChemistryBiologyBiologyGeology Geology MathematicsMathematicsMedicineMedicineBiochemistryBiochemistryGeophysicsGeophysicsAstronomyAstronomyWarming upWarming upHawking and his theoriesCan you name them in English?Mercurym:kjriVenusvinsEarthMarsJupiterdu:pt(r)Saturnst:nUranusjrnsNeptuneneptju

3、:nPlutoplu:tuThe SunThe Solar SystemA Black HoleThe MoonThe Big BangAtomThe Globe Our EarthAtmosphere (大氣層大氣層)Reading Reading 1. Fast Reading, and analyze its structure. Write down the main idea for each paragraph.Answer key for question 1:Paragraph 1: A widely accepted theory about the formation of

4、 the universe.Paragraph 2: The formation of water for life.Paragraph 3: The importance of water for life.Paragraph 4: The development of plants and animals on the earth.Paragraph 5: The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.3. Detailed Reading: Read the text loudly for a second time and th

5、en complete the fills in the following pictures according to the evolution(進(jìn)化，演進(jìn)化，演變變) order of life on the earth.12345678Answer key for question 3:1) small plants in water2) shellfish and all sorts of fish3) green plants on land4) insects (on land)5) amphibians (on land and in water)6) forests7) re

6、ptiles (on land)8) dinosaurs (on land)9) mammals (on land)天文學(xué)天文學(xué) n. n. Astronomy is the scientific study of the stars, planets, and other natural objects in space.1. astronomy1. astronomy相關(guān)短語相關(guān)短語radar astronomy 雷達(dá)天文學(xué)雷達(dá)天文學(xué) radio astronomy 電波電波( (無線電無線電) )天文學(xué)天文學(xué) 2. star2. star(1)名詞名詞 (pl. stars)1）星星,

7、,恒星恒星;(;(日、月等日、月等) )天體天體; ;星形物星形物; ; 2）星號(hào)星號(hào);(;(表示等級等的表示等級等的) )星級星級; ;星形勛章星形勛章, 如如： While in Taipei she stayed at a four star hotel. 她在臺(tái)北逗留期間住在一家四星級旅館。她在臺(tái)北逗留期間住在一家四星級旅館。 3）命運(yùn)命運(yùn); ;星象星象 4）( (電影、體育等的電影、體育等的) )明星明星, ,杰出人物杰出人物 His wish to become a football star has come true. 他想當(dāng)足球明星的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。他想當(dāng)足球明星的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。

8、(2)動(dòng)詞（及物）動(dòng)詞（及物） ( starred; starred; starring)1）用星形物裝飾用星形物裝飾 2）用星號(hào)標(biāo)出用星號(hào)標(biāo)出 3）使成明星使成明星, ,由由.主演主演 Yesterday we saw a film starring Charlie Chaplin. 昨天我們看了一部查理昨天我們看了一部查理卓別林主演的電影。卓別林主演的電影。 3. 動(dòng)詞（不及物）動(dòng)詞（不及物） ( starred; starred; starring)1）當(dāng)明星當(dāng)明星, ,主演主演。如：。如：She has starred in some thirty films. 她主演過大約她主演過大

9、約30部影片。部影片。 star star2）表現(xiàn)出色表現(xiàn)出色 。如：。如：He didnt star at that job. 那份工作他干得并不出色。那份工作他干得并不出色。 (4) 形容詞形容詞 1）星的星的; ;星形的星形的 2）明星的明星的, ,主角的主角的 3）出色的出色的, ,優(yōu)秀的。優(yōu)秀的。如：如：Tony is the star player on our team. 托尼是我隊(duì)的主力。托尼是我隊(duì)的主力。 star star3. globe3. globe（1） 名詞名詞 (pl. globes)1) 球球; ;球狀物球狀物 2) 地球儀地球儀; ;地球地球。如：。如：Thi

10、s plant can grow in many parts of the globe. 這這種植物能在地球上的許多地方生長。種植物能在地球上的許多地方生長。 3) 眼球眼球 （2） 動(dòng)詞（不及物）動(dòng)詞（不及物） ( globed; globed; globing) 成球狀成球狀 （3） 動(dòng)詞（及物）動(dòng)詞（及物） ( globed; globed; globing) 使成球狀使成球狀 Then are you clear now about the evolution of life?When the dust settled into a solid globe, the earth was

11、 so violent.4.6 billion years ago3 billion years ago540 million years ago250 million years ago65million years agoThe Evolution of Life on the earthi:vlu:nplzkmeszksi:nzuikShellfishAmphibianReptile DinosaurPrimitive(原始的原始的) People1 1. What it was to become . What it was to become was was uncertainunc

12、ertain ( (when the dust when the dust settled into a solid globesettled into a solid globe) ). .be to dobe to do的用法的用法(1)be to do.用于第一人稱疑問句中，表示征求對方意見。用于第一人稱疑問句中，表示征求對方意見。如：如：Am I to go on with the work？要我繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作嗎？要我繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)工作嗎？What are we to do next？我們下一步該怎么辦？我們下一步該怎么辦？ (2)表示按約定、計(jì)劃，或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這是將來時(shí)表示按約定、計(jì)劃

13、，或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這是將來時(shí)的一種用法。如：的一種用法。如：They are to pay a visit to the teacher together at 10 am. tomorrow.他們約定明天上午他們約定明天上午10點(diǎn)一起去看這位老師。點(diǎn)一起去看這位老師。bebeWe are to meet at the station at four this afternoon. 我們今天下午我們今天下午4點(diǎn)在車站見面。點(diǎn)在車站見面。 (3)表示必須或應(yīng)該，在意義上等于表示必須或應(yīng)該，在意義上等于must，should，ought to 或或have to。如：如：You are to f

14、inish the work before five this afternoon.你們必須在今天下午五點(diǎn)以前完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。你們必須在今天下午五點(diǎn)以前完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。This medicine is to be taken three times a day. 這種藥一天要服三次。這種藥一天要服三次。 (4)用來表示注定要發(fā)生或不可避免要發(fā)生的事。用來表示注定要發(fā)生或不可避免要發(fā)生的事。如：如：His theory was to change the views on the universe. 1. It 1. It explodedexploded loudly with fire and

15、rock, loudly with fire and rock, which were which were in timein time to produce carbon, to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths which were to make the earths atmosphere.atmosphere.loud, aloud, loudly 這三個(gè)副詞詞義很接近

16、，但含義有所不同。這三個(gè)副詞詞義很接近，但含義有所不同。 aloud 的意思是的意思是“出聲地、高聲地出聲地、高聲地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)能讓人，強(qiáng)調(diào)能讓人聽得見。如：聽得見。如： Read aloud so that we can all hear you. 讀大點(diǎn)讀大點(diǎn)聲，以便我們大家都能聽見你。聲，以便我們大家都能聽見你。 They are shouting aloud. 他們在大聲感叫。他們在大聲感叫。 loud 意思是意思是“大聲地、高聲地、響亮地大聲地、高聲地、響亮地”，強(qiáng)調(diào)聲音響，強(qiáng)調(diào)聲音響亮。常與動(dòng)詞亮。常與動(dòng)詞speak, talk, say, laugh等連用。等連用。如：如： Dont

17、 talk so loud. 講話聲音不要這么大。講話聲音不要這么大。 Facts speak louder than words. 事實(shí)勝于雄辯。事實(shí)勝于雄辯。loudly 的意思是的意思是“高聲地高聲地”，有時(shí)可與，有時(shí)可與loud通用，但含通用，但含有有“喧鬧喧鬧”的意味。的意味。如：如： Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人在大聲敲門。有人在大聲敲門。 Dont talk so loudly/loud. 說話聲音不要這么大。說話聲音不要這么大。 在現(xiàn)代英語中有時(shí)在并不喧鬧的場合也用在現(xiàn)代英語中有時(shí)在并不喧鬧的場合也用loudly. 如：如： Wi

18、ll you please read the text loudly? 你能不能大聲讀你能不能大聲讀這篇課文？這篇課文？ explodeexplode1)1)（使某物）炸開，爆炸（使某物）炸開，爆炸。如：如：The firework explodedexploded in his hand and he was hurt seriously. 2)2)（指感情）激發(fā)（指感情）激發(fā)。如：如： I was frightened when she exploded exploded into loud laughter. 3)3)（指人口）突然或迅速增加（指人口）突然或迅速增加。如：如：Now it

19、 is not easy to find jobs with the exploding exploding population. explosion n.n. 爆炸（聲）爆炸（聲） explosive adj.adj. 爆炸性的，易爆炸的爆炸性的，易爆炸的 n.n. 炸藥，炸藥，爆炸物爆炸物in timein time (for sth(for sth. ./to do sth/to do sth. .):): 最終；及時(shí)，最終；及時(shí)，如如She will be back in timein time to prepare dinner. 她會(huì)及時(shí)趕回來準(zhǔn)備晚飯。她會(huì)及時(shí)趕回來準(zhǔn)備晚飯。3

20、. What many science believe is 3. What many science believe is that the continued presence of that the continued presence of water water allowedallowed the earth to the earth to dissolve gases and acids which dissolve gases and acids which are harmful toare harmful to the plants into the the plants

21、into the oceans and seas.oceans and seas.allow v. 允許、許可、容許允許、許可、容許allow + n ./ pron. / doing allow sb. to do sth. be allowed to do sth.2.2.continuous 連續(xù)不斷的（強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作沒有間連續(xù)不斷的（強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作沒有間斷過）斷過）continual 反復(fù)的，頻繁的（強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作在反復(fù)的，頻繁的（強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作在某個(gè)時(shí)期反復(fù)出現(xiàn)）某個(gè)時(shí)期反復(fù)出現(xiàn)）continued和和continuing可以互換，都表示可以互換，都表示“連續(xù)不斷的連續(xù)不斷的”“”“繼續(xù)不變

22、的繼續(xù)不變的”，但是它們只能，但是它們只能用于名詞前。用于名詞前。總的來說，其差異正逐漸消失，特別是總的來說，其差異正逐漸消失，特別是continual亦含有亦含有continuous相同的意義，尤指不相同的意義，尤指不愉快的事：愉快的事：Life was a continual struggle for them. 生活對他們來說是不斷的掙扎。生活對他們來說是不斷的掙扎。 Present1 presence n.出席，到場，存在出席，到場，存在形容詞形容詞 a. 1.出席的出席的,在場的在場的How many people were present at the meeting? 到會(huì)的有多

23、少人到會(huì)的有多少人? 2.現(xiàn)在的現(xiàn)在的,當(dāng)前的當(dāng)前的Im not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我對目前的情況一點(diǎn)都不滿意。我對目前的情況一點(diǎn)都不滿意。 名詞名詞 n. 1.現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在,目前目前There is no time like the present. 機(jī)不可失機(jī)不可失,時(shí)不再來。時(shí)不再來。 present2名詞名詞 n. 1.禮物禮物,贈(zèng)品贈(zèng)品CHe often gave his neighbors kids little presents. 他常常送些小禮物給鄰居的孩子。他常常送些小禮物給鄰居的孩子。 Present3 p

24、resentation n.授予，頒發(fā)，呈現(xiàn)授予，頒發(fā)，呈現(xiàn)及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 vt. 1.贈(zèng)送贈(zèng)送,呈獻(xiàn)呈獻(xiàn)(+to/with)They presented him with a bunch of flowers. 他們獻(xiàn)給他一束鮮花。他們獻(xiàn)給他一束鮮花。 2.引起引起(問題問題),造成造成(困難困難)(+to/with)All this presented new safety problems. 所有這些都造成了新的安全問題。所有這些都造成了新的安全問題。 3.提出提出,提交提交,呈遞呈遞(+to)Some 300 papers were presented at the conferen

25、ce. 會(huì)上提出了大約三百篇論文。會(huì)上提出了大約三百篇論文。 4.呈現(xiàn)呈現(xiàn);描述描述;出示出示(+to)He had to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted. 雖然憂心忡忡雖然憂心忡忡,但他還得露出一副笑容。但他還得露出一副笑容。 My father doesnt allow smoking at home. In fact he doesnt allow us to smoke anywhere at any time. 父親不允許在家里吸煙。實(shí)際上，他不允許父親不允許在家里吸煙。實(shí)際上，他不允許我們在任何地方任何時(shí)候吸煙。我們在任何地方

26、任何時(shí)候吸煙。Are we allowed to use the computer?我們可以用電腦么？我們可以用電腦么？be harmful to 對對有害有害 do harm to sb. = do sb. harm 傷害某人，對某人傷害某人，對某人有害處有害處 1) Pollution is especially harmful to animals. 2) Smoking will do you a lot of harm. 4. They produced young 4. They produced young generally generally by laying by lay

27、ing eggs.eggs.Its generally believed that一般認(rèn)為一般認(rèn)為generally speaking 一般而言，概括來說一般而言，概括來說 1) Its generally believed that girls work harder than boys do. 2) Generally speaking, women cry more easily than men. by doing用于說明做某事的手段、方式。用于說明做某事的手段、方式。如：如：I dont think she can help him by just giving him money.

28、 我認(rèn)為她光靠給錢是幫不了他的。我認(rèn)為她光靠給錢是幫不了他的。5. They are putting too much 5. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which atmosphere, which preventsprevents heat heat from escapingfrom escaping from the earth into from the earth into space. space. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事 : :p

29、revent sb. (from) doing sth. stop sb. (from) doing sth. keep sb. from doing sth. 1) We must prevent them from making trouble. 2) You should prevent the child from injuring himself. If nothing prevents, 如果沒有什么阻礙的話如果沒有什么阻礙的話 , , 6. Whether life will continue on the 6. Whether life will continue on the

30、 earth for millions of years to come earth for millions of years to come will will depend ondepend on whether this whether this problem can be solved. problem can be solved. depend on : 相信，信賴相信，信賴, , 依靠依靠, ,依賴依賴, , 視視而定，取決而定，取決于于 Depend on it. 沒問題，請放心（句末或句首）沒問題，請放心（句末或句首） That /It (all) depends. 那得看

31、情況而定那得看情況而定. . 1) Depend on it, youll succeed. 2) He may support me, but it depends . 賓語從句可以分為三類(1).動(dòng)詞的賓語從句1.1大多數(shù)位于動(dòng)詞后面Eg：Ihopeyoucanjoinusinthegame.1.2有些是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”后Findout/pointout/figureout/turnout/figureoutEg：Canyoufigureoutwhatthepoetreallymeansinthispoem?1.3有些動(dòng)詞短語后面Makesure/makeuponesmind/keepinm

32、indEg;weshouldkeepinmindthatsportscanbeagreatboosttoourhealth.(2)it作形式賓語代替賓語從句第一類動(dòng)詞;find/feel/think/consider/make/believe/guess/suppose/assume等后面有賓語不足語時(shí)，需要用it作形式賓語而將that引導(dǎo)的真正的賓語從句后置。Eg：Ithinkitnecessarythatwedosomesporting.第二類動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在從句前面加it。這類詞：hate/like/dislike/appreciate/dependon/seeto/Eg:Ihat

33、eitwhentheytalkwithoutconsideringothersfeeling.7. I 7. I cheered upcheered up immediately and immediately and floated weightlessly around in our floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin spaceship cabin watchingwatching the the earth earth become become smaller and the smaller and the moon

34、larger.moon larger.cheer up 歡呼；喝彩；感到高興；使高興。歡呼；喝彩；感到高興；使高興。如：如：The crowd cheered up when they saw the teams arrive. 觀眾看到運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)進(jìn)場時(shí)歡聲雷動(dòng)。觀眾看到運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)進(jìn)場時(shí)歡聲雷動(dòng)。He took her to the concert to cheer her up. 為使她高興起來，他帶她去聽音樂會(huì)。為使她高興起來，他帶她去聽音樂會(huì)。Astronomerstrnm(r)astronautstrn:twatch do /doing 觀看；注視。觀看；注視。 如：如：We watched

35、the sun setting behind the trees. Evening fell. 我們看著太陽一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地落在樹后，我們看著太陽一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地落在樹后，夜幕降臨了。夜幕降臨了。Every day as they watched the plant grow, their hearts were filled with hope. 他們每天都在觀察他們每天都在觀察這棵植物生長，心里充滿了希望。這棵植物生長，心里充滿了希望。Weigh1.表示“稱的重量”,是及物動(dòng)詞,如：Heweighedthefish.他稱了這條魚.Doyouoftenweighyourself?你經(jīng)常稱體重嗎?2.表示“重

36、(多少)”,是不及物動(dòng)詞Heweighs60kilos.他體重60公斤.Themeatweighsfivepounds.這肉重五磅.2.比較byweight/inweight：前者表示“按重量”,后者表示“重量上”.如：Dotheychargecarriagebyweight?他們是按重量收取運(yùn)費(fèi)嗎?Itssmallerinsizebutgreaterinweight.它體積比較小,但分量比較重.3.對重量提問,特殊疑問詞用Howmuch?orHowheavy?Whatistheweightof.Howmuchitweighs?What=howmuchdoyouweigh?Whatisthew

37、eightofthebaby?倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式共：四種1.表示“幾倍大?。ㄩL短；數(shù)量）”,由“倍數(shù)+thesize（length,amount）”結(jié)構(gòu)組成.例如：Theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月亮的49倍大.2.表示“比大幾倍”,由“倍數(shù)+形容詞（副詞）比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)組成.例如：Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.這個(gè)盒子比那個(gè)盒子大三倍.Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%.3.表示“是倍”,由“

38、倍數(shù)+as+形容詞+as+”結(jié)構(gòu)組成.例如：Ourfactoryistwiceasbigastheirs.我們的工廠是他們的三倍.Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多.注一倍用once,兩倍用twice.4、還可以用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍.Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍.9. We watched, 9. We watched, amazed amazed as as fire fire broke outbroke out on the outside

39、 of the on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity spaceship as the earths gravity increased.increased. 此處的此處的amazed是過去分詞作狀語。過去分是過去分詞作狀語。過去分詞經(jīng)?？梢宰鳡钫Z，這是一種特定用法。詞經(jīng)?？梢宰鳡钫Z，這是一種特定用法。如：如：He came in unnoticed. 他神不知鬼不覺地走了進(jìn)來。他神不知鬼不覺地走了進(jìn)來。Many heroes lie buried in the churchyard.許多英雄埋葬在教堂的墓地里。許多英雄埋葬

40、在教堂的墓地里。 break out （戰(zhàn)爭，爭吵，疾病等）爆發(fā)。（戰(zhàn)爭，爭吵，疾病等）爆發(fā)。如：如：A quarrel broke out suddenly at midnight. 半夜，（他們）突然大吵起來。半夜，（他們）突然大吵起來。8. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking 8. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice does need a bit of practice now now thatthat gravity has changed.” gravity has changed.

41、”Now that : 既然，由于既然，由于。如：如：Now that everybody is here, we can begin the meeting.10. the Paleozoic era: 10. the Paleozoic era: 古生代，是地質(zhì)古生代，是地質(zhì)時(shí)代的第三個(gè)代（第一、第二代分別是太古時(shí)代的第三個(gè)代（第一、第二代分別是太古代和元古代）。約代和元古代）。約5.445.44億年前至億年前至2.482.48億年前億年前. . the Mesozoic era: the Mesozoic era: 中生代，包括：中生代，包括：三疊紀(jì)、侏羅紀(jì)、白堊紀(jì)。三疊紀(jì)、侏羅紀(jì)、白堊

42、紀(jì)。 the Cenozoic era: the Cenozoic era: 新生代，約開始新生代，約開始于于65006500萬年前，現(xiàn)仍在持續(xù)。萬年前，現(xiàn)仍在持續(xù)。11. Big Bang: 11. Big Bang: 宇宙大爆炸理論宇宙大爆炸理論Learning about Language Learning about Language 1. Words 1. Words astronomy, atmosphere, system, violent, solid, explode, carbon, dioxide, oxygen, surface, planet, harmful, de

43、velopment, spread, method, depend, exist, presence, telescope, disappoint, disappointed, publish, publishing, gravity, force, gradually, cheer, float, massUse the correct prefix or suffix for each word. Write out the new word and explain the difference between the two.presentviolentconfidentdifferen

44、tpatientpresenceviolenceconfidencedifferencepatiencecertainfairpaidlikekinduncertainunfairunpaidunlikeunkind-(en)ceun-cultureglobeuniverseagriculturemathematicsculturalglobaluniversalagricultralmathematicalartphysicschemistrybiologyscienceartistphsicistchemistbiologistscientist-al-ist2. Expressions2

45、. Expressionssolar system, in time, now that, prevent.from, depend on, cheer up, get the hang of, break out, lay eggs, give birth to, in ones turn, carbon dioxide, watch out, block out surface, explode, develop, prevent, float, spread, violent, astronomy, force, publish, disappoint, solid 1. The _ o

46、f gravity makes things fall to the earth.2. The robbers kicked the door _ and broke into the stars house.3. Nothing can separate the two, because they have a _ friendship foundation.4. In World War II, two atomic bombs _ in Japan, killing a large number of people.5. With the _ of our countrys econom

47、y, peoples living standard has been greatly raised.forceviolentlysolidexplodeddevelopment6. More than 70% of the earths _ is covered by water.7. In the last few years the city has _ out rapidly in all directions.8. That he failed the examination _ his lover very much.9. They _ the canoe out into the

48、 middle of the river.10. Mark Twain _ a lot of popular novels in that _ firm.spreaddisappointedfloatedsurfacepublishedpublishing1.他以前是靠畫畫為生的。他以前是靠畫畫為生的。 He used to _his living _.2.爆竹在他手里爆炸了，他傷得很嚴(yán)重。爆竹在他手里爆炸了，他傷得很嚴(yán)重。The firework _ and he hurt seriously.3.鄉(xiāng)村生活與都市生活是非常不同的。鄉(xiāng)村生活與都市生活是非常不同的。Country life is

49、_ city life.4.瑪麗之所以沒有通過這次考試，是因?yàn)樗饲艾旣愔詻]有通過這次考試，是因?yàn)樗饲安×藘蓚€(gè)星期。病了兩個(gè)星期。 Mary _ in the exam, _she had been ill for two weeks.5. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是年爆發(fā)的。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是年爆發(fā)的。 World War II _in 1939.6.我擔(dān)心是否傷害了她。我擔(dān)心是否傷害了她。 I worry _ I hurt her feelings.7.為使她高興起來，她丈夫帶她去聽音樂會(huì)。為使她高興起來，她丈夫帶她去聽音樂會(huì)。Her husband took her to the concer

50、t _.8.他們乘坐宇宙飛船穿越太空到月球上去。他們乘坐宇宙飛船穿越太空到月球上去。 They _ to the moon in a spaceship.9.天上有朵朵白云。天上有朵朵白云。 There were _ white clouds in the sky.1. He used to make/earn his living by painting.2. The firework exploded in his hand and he hurt seriously.3. Country life is quite different from city life.4. Mary fai

51、led in the exam. This was because she had been ill for two weeks.5. World War II broke out in 1939.6. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.7. Her husband took her to the concert to cheer her up.8. They traveled through space to the moon in a spaceship.9. There were masses of white clouds in the

52、 sky.Answer Key:3. Grammar3. GrammarNoun Clauses as the subject 做主語用的名詞性從句，因其在復(fù)合句中做主做主語用的名詞性從句，因其在復(fù)合句中做主語，又稱語，又稱主語從句主語從句(Noun Clauses as the subject) ，引導(dǎo)主語從句的有從屬連詞引導(dǎo)主語從句的有從屬連詞that、whether，連接，連接代詞代詞who、what、which，連接副詞，連接副詞when、where、how、why等等。1. 連接詞：連接詞：1）從屬連詞：）從屬連詞：that， whether等等. that 引導(dǎo)主語從句只起引導(dǎo)作用

53、，本身無實(shí)際引導(dǎo)主語從句只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無實(shí)際意義，在主語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。意義，在主語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，但不能省略。That she left him cut him to the heart.That he will come is certain. 由由whether及其他連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句及其他連詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首，句后都可。首，句后都可。 Whether it will please them is not easy to say.It doesnt matter too much whether shes coming or not.2)連接代詞連

54、接代詞who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Which side will win is not clear.3)連接副詞連接副詞when，where， how， why等。等。Why he did it remains a mystery.When they will start is not known yet.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.2. 位置

55、：主語從句可以前置，也可以后置。用位置：主語從句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末，常用下面幾種形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末，常用下面幾種句型。句型。 1）It + be + 表語表語 +主語從句主語從句表語：（名詞，表語：（名詞， 形容詞，過去分詞）形容詞，過去分詞）It is a pity that we cant go.It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.It is c

56、ertain that she will do well in her exam.It is true that I told her everything.It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit. 2）It+不及物動(dòng)詞或短語不及物動(dòng)詞或短語+主語從句主語從句It seemed (happened, doesnt matter, has turned out) that It hap

57、pens that they were absent.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 3） It+及物動(dòng)詞（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）及物動(dòng)詞（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）+主語從句主語從句It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.注意注意: 主語從句在句首時(shí)，必須

58、由連接詞引導(dǎo)，不能主語從句在句首時(shí)，必須由連接詞引導(dǎo)，不能省略這些連接詞；但是如果用省略這些連接詞；但是如果用it做形式主語，而把做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時(shí)，從屬連詞主語從句放在句末時(shí)，從屬連詞that可以省略。可以省略。誤：誤：They should like each other is natural.正：正：That they should like each other is natural.正：正：It is natural that they should like each other. 4)如果主語從句放在句首，不能用如果主語從句放在句首，不能用if引導(dǎo)，但引導(dǎo)，但是如

59、果用是如果用it 做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時(shí)，做形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時(shí)，也可以用也可以用if引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo).誤：誤：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：正：Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful正：正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.1._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2._ well go cam

60、ping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 3._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee. A. That B. Why C. How D. Who 4._well finish translating the book depends on the time. A. When B. Why C. What D. That 5._he wont go there is clear to all of us. A.