英語句子成分精講精練

1、句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？ 主語：主語：主語是在句子中說明全句中心主題的主語是在句子中說明全句中心主題的部分一般由名詞，代詞，不定式，動名詞或從部分一般由名詞，代詞，不定式，動名詞或從句充當(dāng)它的位置一般在句首句充當(dāng)它的位置一般在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.（習(xí)慣性的動作）（習(xí)慣性的動作）To see is to believe.（一次性動作）（一次性動作）They are good friends.1. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will

2、 be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動名詞動名詞不定式不定式疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式從句從句It作形式主語，作形式主語，that從句是真正的主語從

3、句是真正的主語當(dāng)當(dāng)不定式、動名詞或從句不定式、動名詞或從句在某個句子中作主語在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用因此常用it作形式主語作形式主語置于置于句首句首，而將真正的，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。身無詞義。什么情況下用什么情況下用it作形式主語？作形式主語？謂語：謂語： 謂語謂語說明主語做什么，是什么，怎么樣說明主語做什么，是什么，怎么樣，由，由簡單動詞或者動詞短語構(gòu)成簡單動詞或者動詞短語構(gòu)成1. They are teachers.2. Sh

4、e looks well.3. He studies hard.4. He laughed at his classmates.5. He can speak English.6. Fog gathers at the sea.7. He practices running every morning.8. We plant trees in spring every year.9. The earthquake happened last night. 10. He likes watching TV.11. She worked out this problem. 劃分出下列句子的謂語：劃

5、分出下列句子的謂語：1. I wont do it again. 2. The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer. 3. He seemed rather tired last night. 4. Keep quite and listen to me. 5. He looked worried. 6. I am answering your question. 劃分出下列句子的謂語劃分出下列句子的謂語1. Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.2. Ill go when I have h

6、ad my dinner.3. I want to help him.4. I dont know what to do.5. I dont think (that) he is right.6. I enjoy living here.賓語賓語 賓語是賓語是謂語動作的承受者謂語動作的承受者，由名詞，代詞，短，由名詞，代詞，短語，不定式，動名詞，從句充當(dāng)它和及物動語，不定式，動名詞，從句充當(dāng)它和及物動詞一起詞一起說明主語做了什么說明主語做了什么，在謂語之后，在謂語之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She lik

7、es to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.1.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to t

8、ake good care of them.( )名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動名詞動名詞不定式不定式疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式從句從句It作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語劃分出下列句子中的賓語劃分出下列句子中的賓語1. My parents bought me a computer 2. We all like to go to school. 3.She is playing the piano now. 4. He told me that he would go to the college the next year 5. I dont know if the

9、re will be a bus any more. 劃分出下列句子中的賓語劃分出下列句子中的賓語7. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 8. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 9.I dont know whom you should depend on. 定語定語 定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形容詞，代詞，數(shù)定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，分詞，詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，分詞，從句都可以充當(dāng)定語從句都可以充當(dāng)定語 The black bike i

10、s mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool. Its a red car.( ) They live in the room above.( ) My brother is a teacher.( ) We belong to the third world.( ) Lucys father is

11、a poor worker.( ) Mother made a birthday cake for me.( ) The man under the tree is my teacher.( )1.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother. ( )形容詞形容詞副詞副詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞名詞所有格名詞所有格名詞名詞介詞短語介詞短語現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at

12、 home.( ) There are two things to be discussed today.（ ） Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（ ）9.This is the very book that I need. （ ）過去分詞過去分詞不定式不定式動名詞動名詞從句從句狀語狀語 狀語用來狀語用來修飾動詞修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞形容詞或副詞它它表示行為發(fā)表示行為發(fā)生的時間，地點，目的，方式，程度生的時間，地點，目的，方式，程度一般由副詞，一般由副詞，介詞短語，不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)，介詞短語，不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)，

13、也可由從句來充當(dāng)也可由從句來充當(dāng)He did it carefully.Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen. He is often late for class.( ) We saw that picture at the cinema.( ) He sat there smoking.( ) They

14、returned tired and hungry. （ ） They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ） Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( ) The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副詞，程度副詞，程度介詞短語，地點介詞短語，地點分詞，伴隨分詞，伴隨不定式，目的不定式，目的形容詞，狀態(tài)形容詞，狀態(tài)讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句 He is often late for class.( ) We saw that

15、 picture at the cinema.( ) He sat there smoking.( ) They returned tired and hungry. （ ） They did everything they could to save the boys life. （ ） Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( ) The box is so heavy that I cant lift it. ( )副詞，程度副詞，程度介詞短語，地點介詞短語，地點分詞，伴隨分詞，伴隨不定式，目的不定式，目的形容詞，狀態(tài)形容詞，狀態(tài)讓步狀語從句讓步狀語

16、從句結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句 While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. （ ） He was angry because we were late( ）9. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ) 時間狀語從句時間狀語從句原因狀語從句原因狀語從句條件狀語從句條件狀語從句賓語補足語賓語補足語 在英語中，有些句子在英語中，有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思，還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意還必須在賓語后面家上賓語補足語才能表達完整的意思

17、思它起補充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的作用它起補充說明賓語干什么，怎么樣的作用 它可以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，現(xiàn)它可以由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞充當(dāng)在分詞和過去分詞充當(dāng) If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name

18、 called.形容詞形容詞名詞名詞介詞短語介詞短語過去分詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞省略掉省略掉to的不定式的不定式不定式不定式表語：表語： 表語表語說明主語是什么，或者怎么樣說明主語是什么，或者怎么樣，由名詞，由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動名詞，短語，或者從句充當(dāng)表語位于系動詞后面短語，或者從句充當(dāng)表語位于系動詞后面I am a teacher. She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.My advice is that he should give up smoking.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么成分指出下列句子劃線部分是什么成分指出下列句子劃線部分是什么成分