外研版高中英語必修三知識點(diǎn)-語法總結(jié)材料超全超值

1、實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案必修三知識點(diǎn)匯總文檔Module 1 Europe 重要短語： because of 因?yàn)?thanks to 由于； due to/owing to as a result of be covered by/with be known for/as/to make A out of B多虧了由于由于的結(jié)果用B制成Amake A into B/be made ofcompare A with/and B 比較 A 和 compareto把比作一 .compared with/to與比較起來belong to increase(reduce) to/bywork on從事/做工作；忙

2、于have - in commonrefer to 參考/指的是/涉及/適用于have control over/of對,有控out of controlin the control of負(fù)責(zé)lose control of失去控制由一控制/管理/對失去控制制權(quán)Beyond control under control無法控制 被控制住have a population of口little by littlein one s thirties有多少人漸漸地in the long/short term就長 / 短期而言come to terms=make terms達(dá)成協(xié)議， 和好bring sb.

3、 to terms使某人接收條件in terms of根據(jù)/從方面來說/從的觀點(diǎn)face to facealong the coastoff the coast在（離開海面的）海岸上be on good/bad terms with sb.好be faced with 面臨，面對與某人交情好/不ever since 自從/一直 on the one /other hand方面/另一方面be located in=lie in=be situated inThere+be/exist/lie/stand/appear+坐落于 主有存在(be) opposite to 在對面，與相反 just t

4、he opposite恰恰相反keep a cool head保持頭腦清醒lose one s head驚慌失措，失去理智head for 朝著前進(jìn)get into a difficult situation況get out of a difficult situation狀況save the situation挽回局勢陷入困難的狀擺脫困難的方向+of B方向+of B+方向+of B重要句型：1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. one of the + 形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)2. Portugal is to t

5、he west of Spain.表示位置：A is/lies in/on/to/off the+A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+位置+距離：A is (about)+ 距離+ (to the in ,on 和to表地理方位的區(qū)別(1)表示A在B的范圍內(nèi)（2）之外，兩者之間沒有所屬關(guān)系時(shí)用to。如:院的西面。3. on the coast 和 off the coast強(qiáng)調(diào)A和B兩地接壤時(shí)，用 on. (3)Our school is to the west of the hospital.A在B的范圍 我們學(xué)校在醫(yī)on表示“位于河畔或鐵路，公路及

6、海岸等沿線上”4.表示倍數(shù)的四種句型：1 ) This bridge is 3 times longer than that one.2 ) This bridge is 4 times as long as that one;off表示“稍離陸地，在沿岸的海里。如:這座橋比那座橋長 3倍。這座橋是那座橋的 4倍長。3 ) A is times the size/length/width/height/depth of BThis room is 3 times the size of that one.這間房間的大小是那間的3倍。4 ) A + v. -times as many/much

7、+ n.+ as B實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案這個廠今年的汽車產(chǎn)量是make efforts/ an effort to do sth.費(fèi)力地/毫不費(fèi)力地get(be) close to 靠近，接近， 即將發(fā)生as a result of 由于as a result 結(jié)果result in 導(dǎo)致result from 由弓I起in/during the last ten years receive a good educationbe willing to do sth.make comparisons 作比較文檔努力做某事spare no effortbe connected withat the top

8、 of /at the bottom oflive with 與.住/忍受up to直到/到為止/多達(dá) make progress 進(jìn)步 be similar to 與相似 encourage sb to do sthtake measures to do 采取措 施不遺余力 with/without effortbe crowded with充滿,滿是in exchange for交換achieve one s goal on a high/low income 高/ 低 收入income tax ( 個人)所得稅with the development of under developme

9、nt 在發(fā)展中 figure out 算出/解決/理解/弄 明白The factory has produced 3 times as many cars as it did last year.去年的3倍。語法要求：一：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)由“ be+及物動詞的過去分詞（+by） ”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)態(tài)變化時(shí)只變be形式，過去分詞不變?，F(xiàn)在時(shí)被動語態(tài)：am/ is/ are +過去分詞過去時(shí)被動語態(tài)： was/ were +過去分詞二：主謂一致：本單元主要強(qiáng)調(diào)第二個原則語法一致原則。句子的主語是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。注意：（1） so

10、mething, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each等不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語需用單數(shù)。（2） 當(dāng)主語后面跟有 with, together with, along with, as well as, like, including, except, ratherthan, but, 等時(shí)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式仍然要與這些詞語前面的主語保持一致。3）表示時(shí)間，重量，長度，價(jià)格等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作主語從整體來看時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。4）非謂語動詞，從句或其他短語作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： Early to bed and early to rise

11、 is healthful.5）如果主語是由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞，但前面有each, every, no 等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。例如：Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.6）謂語動詞用單數(shù)的情況：many a ，more than one ，Every and every / , noand no /each and each one and a half , a - or two , a/the （ and）指同一人、事物或概念the number of a great deal of / a la

12、rge amount of2.意義一致原則。1） 一些集合名詞，如：family, enemy, class, population, army等作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)實(shí)際含義而定。當(dāng)表示整體意義時(shí)，用單數(shù)；當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)個體成員時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)。如：2）由there或here引起的主語，而又不止是一個時(shí)，采取就近原則。例如：Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.3.鄰近性原則。neither - nor, either - or, not only - but also, or連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)；由there, her

13、e引導(dǎo)的句子，并且主語不止一個時(shí)，謂語動詞通常與鄰近它的主語保持一致。Module 2重要短語：agree to the plan （suggestion, proposal） 同意（建議，安排） measure sth in/by sth 用來 衡量agree with sb.同意某人的觀點(diǎn)或看法，適合agree on/upon sth達(dá)成協(xié)議一致意見實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案be up to=be fit for適合于勝任,share sth. with sb. 與某人分享share (in)sth. 共享life expectancy預(yù)期壽命；平均壽命重要句型：1.be be important to

14、 sb.of+抽象名詞=be+該名詞的同根形容詞eg. His advice is of value to us. = valuable This dictionary is of great use. =usefulWhat he said is of importance for you. = important1.1. till：直到up to sth be fit for: 勝任 Li Ping is not up to his job.I be busy in doing sth : 忙著做be up to sb=be left to sb to decide:由決定 / 負(fù)責(zé)3.

15、sure1) make sure 表示務(wù)必，確信，弄明白，后面常接of/about sth. 或that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 Make sure(that) you will arrive there on time.你務(wù)必準(zhǔn)時(shí)至 U這。I know there s a train this afternoon, but I must make sure of the time.2) be sure of, be sure that 對一有把握，對一確定，確信Can we be sure of his honesty. /Can we be sure that he is honest? I m

16、sure of winning the game.3) be sure to do說話人推測主語“一定；必然會”或 (常用于祈使句)務(wù)必做某事He is sure to be back soon.他一定會很快回來。Be sure not to forget it.千萬別忘了。注意： be sure of 與 be sure to do 的區(qū)另U：.He is sure of his success. =He is sure that he will succeed.他確信他會成功。.He is sure to succeed.他一定會成功。(說話人白看法).Be sure to write a

17、nd tell me all your news.務(wù)必來信把你所有情況都告訴我。另外，常見的與sure相關(guān)的短語還有：be sure of oneself 有自信心，for sure的確；確實(shí)地，sure enough 果真，果然。 用于口語，此時(shí)的“Sure.相當(dāng)于Of course.與Certainly.。4. From the agreement came the Human Development Report.表示方位或方式的副詞和介詞短語放在句首用完全倒裝，即謂語動詞完全置于主語之前。At the foot of the mountain lies a small village.

18、 Out rushed the children.孩子們沖了 出去。Here comes the bus. 車來 了。 (To the) south of our school stand many shops. 【部分倒裝】only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句，放于句首否定副詞 never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom等放于句首 so+adj/adv+( 倒裝)+ that1. Only when he returned did we find out the truth (We found out the truth only when he retu

19、rned.)2. Never before have I seen such a moving film.(I have never seen such a moving film before)3. So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.(He speaks English so clearly that)5. S.+ be + adj. + to do easy/ good/ safe/comfortable/ dangerous/hard/ difficult1) .The

20、water is not pure to drink (drink)2) .He needs a chair comfortable to sit on.(sit )3) .The young man felt the room cold to live in (live)語法要求：1. but和however的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別however作副詞用時(shí)，表示“然而；但是”，可以位于句首、句中和句末；位于句首時(shí)，要用逗號與句子其它部分隔開；位于句中時(shí)，其前后都要用逗號；位于句末時(shí)其前用逗號分開however與but兩者都做“但是，然而”講,而且都引出并列句.從語義上看，but所表示的是非常明顯的對比

21、轉(zhuǎn)折的意味較 however要強(qiáng).從語序上看,but總是位于所引出的分句之首，而however卻可位于句首、句中和句末，同時(shí)從標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號上看,but之后一般不得使用逗號，而however則必須用逗號與句子其它部分分開.2. although引導(dǎo)狀語從句Module3重要短語：pick upat sea 迷茫on averagenatural disastercatch fire 失火/著火pour down傾瀉而下 set fire to 放火燒 manage to do sth.in ruins 嚴(yán)重受損，破敗不堪 fall into ruin 已成廢墟put out 熄滅report on報(bào)

22、道一fall downfrom side to sidein all 總共，合計(jì)not at all一點(diǎn)也不，別客氣after all above allfirst of all 首先come to an end 結(jié)束, 完結(jié) turn over 移交； 翻轉(zhuǎn) according to take place a total of 總數(shù)為bring sb. to ruin 毀滅某人end up到達(dá)或來到某處end up with sth.以某事作為結(jié)束end up doing sth.以做某事為結(jié)束bury oneself in sth.埋頭于、專心致志于某事畢竟，終究首先，尤其是sth.occ

23、urs to sb.某事被某人想起it occurs to sb. + that-clause 某人突然想到 it occurs to sb. to do sth.某人突然想到做某事on the same latitude 在同一緯度warn sb. （not）to do sth. 警告某人（不）干某 事warn sb. of sth.警告某人當(dāng)心某事文檔be buried in 埋頭于，專心致志be experienced in/at在方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)重要句型：1 .A good idea suddenly struck me.我忽然想到一個好主意strike sb.+ 介詞+the +具體部位

24、打某人的某個部位eg. strike him on the back打某人的背hit sb in the face打某人的臉pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀 be struck by被所打動，被迷住【注意區(qū)分】strike, hit, beat, knockstrike （鐘）敲打，撞擊，襲擊”，表示有力的打一下。beat連續(xù)地打，心臟的跳動，在游戲、競賽或戰(zhàn)爭中擊敗對方，也可表示毆打，體罰。hit瞄準(zhǔn)某物而擊中。也可表示“襲擊”knock用拳頭或硬的東西“敲、擊、打2 .實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案wordsmeaningsoccur偶然發(fā)生；突然想起 It occurred to

25、 sb. that.happen隅然發(fā)生；碰巧 It happened that / sb. happen to do sth.break out（戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病、爭吵）突然爆發(fā)take place（有計(jì)劃地）發(fā)生；舉行3 .There was the possibility of It is possible that 語法要求：1. by the time 意為“到時(shí)候（為止）”，是一個介詞短語，在句中經(jīng)常起連詞作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從 句。它的主要用法如下：1） .如果從句中的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)，那么主句中的謂語動詞通常用過去完成時(shí)，表示“截止到從句動 作發(fā)生時(shí)，主句動作已經(jīng)完成，即過去

26、的過去”。By the time did ，sb. had done sth.By the time he returned home , the rain had stopped.2） .如果從句中的謂語動詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（表示將來），那么主句中的謂語動詞常為將來完成時(shí)，表示“截止到將來某一時(shí)間為止，主句動作將已經(jīng)完成”。By the time do/does ，sb. will have done sth.By the time you get back , I shall have finished the work.3） .如果主句動作不強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成，只是說明某個時(shí)候的狀況

27、，（主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know,find, believe等表示認(rèn)知的持續(xù)性動詞，則往往用一般時(shí)態(tài)，不用完成時(shí)態(tài)。）此時(shí)主句不用完成時(shí)，而應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際需要選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)，此時(shí) by the time 相當(dāng)于when。例如：He was out of breath by the time he reached the top.登上頂端時(shí)，他氣喘吁吁。2 .過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)：had+過去分詞3 .間接引語。英語中常用兩種方式引用別人的話。一種是直接引述別人的原話，把它放在引號內(nèi)，叫直接 引語；另一種是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語。如果把直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，從句中的人稱、 時(shí)

28、態(tài)、代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等一般都要作相應(yīng)的改變。4 .定語從句。Module 4重要短語cut out剪除；切掉；割掉cut of切斷；停掉；隔絕cut up 切碎；使傷心cut in 插嘴be caught in 被困在（風(fēng)、雨、雪）中 catch up with趕上；跟上catch sight of 看見walk up to認(rèn)識至U /意識至U刮走take in 吸入（空氣）；欺騙；體彳take away 帶走take off 脫下，拿掉，起飛take on 承擔(dān)complain to sb 向訴苦/發(fā)牢騷complain about/of sth 抱怨某;收容give outtake

29、 up舉起，開始做；占據(jù)give up 放棄give in 屈服；讓步，投降事one after another一個接一個look through仔細(xì)檢查cut down砍掉;消減 dig up 挖出catch hold of 抓住,握住 sweep away掃除/清除/沖走/分發(fā)；發(fā)出（氣味、熱氣）；用盡 give off 送出；發(fā)出（光等） give away贈送；放棄；泄漏；出賣 have an effect on be part of成為的一部分masses of/a mass of 許多,大量 the masses 群眾，平民文檔in the mass 大體而論，總體上 a weat

30、her forecast 天氣預(yù)報(bào) give/make a forecast 預(yù)言,預(yù)報(bào) solve problems prevent/stop/keep (from)doingin a nutshell/ in a word/ in brief/ in short一言以蔽之if possible 如果可能if any 如果有的話if necessary如果需要的話if so如果是這樣的話if ever如果曾經(jīng)有的話if not不這樣的話think seriously about 認(rèn)真考be concerned with/in與有關(guān)as far as sth.is concerned就某事而言

31、be concerned for/about/over對關(guān)心 ,擔(dān)心,憂慮重要句型1. appear to 彳以乎，好像 / It appears that He is only forty , but appears to be (be) quite old. It appears to me thatThe girl appears to have known (know) it.這女孩好像已經(jīng)知道了這件事。 It appears to me that you are all mistaken.我覺得你們?nèi)e了。2.wordsmeaningsstrength著重指人的力氣，物的強(qiáng)度。for

32、ce自然力量；暴力，勢力；法律，道德，感盾力量；軍事力#等energy主要指人的精力；自然界的能量power用途最廣，包括能力，功能；事物的力量；職權(quán)，權(quán)力或政權(quán)3. sothat 7 such that .引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句 【注意】1)such與so 2)little 少/小3)當(dāng)so或such置于句首時(shí)，主句要用倒裝語序。The boy was so frightened that he didn t know what to do.改為倒裝句：So frightened was the boy that he didn t know what to do.4.I couldn t agr

33、ee with you more / it couldn t be worseif possible語法要求:一：to do 不定式（一）結(jié)構(gòu)：to do （ 否定）not to do（二）不定式的各種時(shí)態(tài)主動語念被動語態(tài)一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing元成式to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing（三）用法1） .主To see is to believe.It s important to learn . 用 it 作形式主語.2） .表My job is to help the patient

34、. Your task is to clean the classroom.3）賓I want to go home.think/ consider/ find /make/feel it + adj.+ to do常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan.4） .賓warn, tell, allow, help, ask, forceThe teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to giv

35、e me some help.五看 watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have二聽 listen to hear一感覺:feel不定式用在介詞 but, except, besides 后時(shí)，如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to. She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to go. What do you like to do besides sleep.注：在 can t but , can t help but , can t c

36、hoose but（意思是不得不，只能，只好） ，的結(jié)構(gòu)后，不定式不帶to5） .定語I have something to say.（如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞，則不定式中要有介詞.）不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：?動賓關(guān)系I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。?主謂關(guān)系He is always the first to come. 他總是第一個來。?同位關(guān)系We all have a chance to go to college.我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會。不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是

37、不定式動作的地點(diǎn)工具等，即使是及物動詞，不定式后面仍須有相應(yīng)的介詞。不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place 或way,不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。He had no money and no place to live.他沒錢沒地方住。 something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。注意比較：I Do you have anything to send?你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式 to send 的動作執(zhí)行者是 you）n Do you have anything to be sent?你有什么要（我或別人）寄的

38、東西嗎？（不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someone else ）6）狀I(lǐng) came here to see you.in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,（7）.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)To tell the truth, I don t agree with you.實(shí)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文案to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth不定式與疑問詞 who,which, when, how, what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。He didn t know

39、 what to say.他不知道說什么。（賓語）How to solve the problem is very important. 如何解決這個問題很重要。（主語） My question is when to start.我的問題是什么時(shí)候開始。（表語）注意：在與why連用時(shí)，只用于why或why not開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶to oWhynot havea rest?固定句型：had better/had best + （not） do sth.最好（不）做某事 Why （not） do sth.? - prefer to do/prefer doingpref

40、er n./doing to n./doing prefer to do rather than （to） do - would rather （not） do sth.would rather do than （do） - would rather sb. did（虛擬語氣）要做.They pretended not to see us.（一般式表示與謂語的動作同時(shí)/幾乎/發(fā)生在它之后.）（2） . He pretended to be sleeping.（在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時(shí)，不定式的動作也正在進(jìn)行）（3） .She pretended to have known it before.（完

41、成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前）（4） .We re happy to have been working with you.（完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前，不定式的動作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)）Module 5重要短語：be related to 與.有關(guān)be equal to 等于human beingbe born good 人之初，性本善a sense of responsibility 責(zé)任感tell the time 報(bào)時(shí)bring up 養(yǎng)育，教育；提出；嘔吐bring down 使倒下,消減bring back 恢復(fù)，使想起 make sense 有意義，講的通 make

42、 sense of 懂,理解There is no sense in doing sth 做某事不明智 / 沒意義 reach /arrive 得出結(jié)論in conclusion 最后，總之put stress on sth.make a contribution to in some ways 在某些方面 lay stress on sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)某事be influenced travel from state to state The reason why is that The reason for sth. is that argue with sb about/over sthpla

43、ce stress on sth.stress the importance of have an influence on/upon sth.It is/was a time when周游列國的理由是某事的理由是某人爭論bring in 收(莊稼);引進(jìn)be at war with 與.交戰(zhàn)live a (n)-lifefollow / take one s adviceat/ draw/ cometo a conclusion對某事有影響influence sb. to do sth. 影響某人做某事那是一個一的時(shí)期argue for 據(jù)理力爭argue against 反對in good

44、/ poor condition 狀況良好 （不好） on one condition 有一個條件on condition that如果，條件是，只要no faster than 和樣不快 =as slowly ason no condition 決不 重要句型：l.order n. & v. 秩序，順序，命令，訂購，eg.1）Then they called out our names in order and we answered yes or no .（翻譯）然后他們按順序點(diǎn)我們的名字，我們回答對錯。out of order無序的，雜論無章的in order （of） 以順序in or

45、der to 為了in order that 為了 place an order with sb for sth向某人訂購某putin order 按順序排列，整齊擺放2. If ,then 3. No more than語法要求：一：限制性定語從句：用來修飾某個名詞或代詞的從句，叫定語從句。弓I導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞：that , which , who, whom, whose, as關(guān)系副詞： when, where, how, why注意：1.介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時(shí)，介詞賓語只能用which代物，用whom代人。2. 在限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任介詞賓語而介詞在句尾時(shí)，關(guān)系

46、代詞可省略。3.有時(shí)為了行文需要，定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞和部分謂語動詞可省略。Module 6重要短語：provide sth. for sb. /sb. withsthdate from /back to 起源于out of date 過時(shí)up to date 最新fix a date for sth給某事約定日期have a date with sb和某人約會hold back阻擋，忍住，抑制（情感 freezing point 冰點(diǎn) in a sense就某種意義而言hold one s breath 屏住氣 hold up耽擱；妨礙（交通等） hold on堅(jiān)持；（電話）請等一下 dre

47、am of 夢想dream a dream做一個夢work outcome trueglobal warmingof all time有史以來think ofhear fromnow that .make a note /notes作筆記bring an end to 結(jié)束 a large amount ofon the spot be pleased with crash into 撞上，墜毀重要句型： 1.It takes sb. Time to do sth. 2.be of + n. = be + adj.3.accommodate sb. with sth. 提供某人某物 accommodate to sth. 適應(yīng)，順應(yīng)accommodate oneself to sth. 使自 己適應(yīng)于accommodate sb.