北京交通大學(xué)2016年博士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題

1、考生答意須知：1 .所有尊目（包括偵空、及齊、圖我等類型題口答題答案必須依在考點(diǎn)發(fā)4ft的答卷紙上.做在本試電刑上無收.詁考生務(wù)期在省座匕馬消劇號(hào)2 .過卷時(shí)不過閱本試S8M.冷翅如ff的在不次坦附上而影響成埔的.H里由學(xué)生自己做擊。3 .答虺時(shí)一件使用苴黑色基水盤或昌珠笆作答（盤圖可用鉛筆）,用我它這谷咫不給分.4 .答題時(shí)不準(zhǔn)便川涂?jī)匆旱染哂忻鳌?尿記的涂氏刖叢，PART I Vocabulary （15points）Section ADirections： Choose the word that is the closest synonym to the underlined word

2、.1. The government slated new elections in the spring, largely as a result of the public damor.A. demandB. viewC. requestD. opinion2. The most 0roiific writer is not necessarily the best.A. written，aboutB. productiveC. artfulD. religious3. Imagine my vexation when they said they would come to dinner

3、 and then didnt show.A. enlightenmentB. astonishmentC. annoyanceD. contrariness4. Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily,A. fearlesslyB. confidentlyC. silentlyD. prudentty5. There is little learning invoked when one is reprimanded Mo or three months after the deed.A. recommended B. re

4、proached C. recompensed D. reversed6. Archaeologists are interested in pottery, figurines and other vxtites of ancient civilizations.A. tracesB. shardsC. productsD. artifacts7. Packaging is designed so as to encourage impetuous shopping.A. extravagantB. carefulC. impotentD. impulsive8. Pan of his ge

5、neral thrift is to be meticulous in verifying monthly expenses.A. painstakingB. dilatoryC. meretriciousD. gaudy9. The jurors came to a deadlock in the defendants trial for murder.A. a decision of guiltyB. a decision to punish by electrocutionC. an impasseD. an unusual verdict10. Among the lowest of

6、the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise iurisdictinn over a variety of misdemeanors.A. guidanceB. sovereigntyC. authorityD. suzerainty11. A mistake is rarely atoned for by a single apology, however profuse.A. extravagantB. producedC. divergentD. repetitious12. Her

7、office in the First National Bank building is provisiocaLA. permanent B. temporary C. corruptD. craven13. The burglars ransacked the room taking anything of value they found.A. demolished B. took over C. inhabited D. thoroughly searched14. The whole of the endowment was used to refurbish the school

8、gymnasium.A. millionairesB. endorsementsC. governmentsD. donations15. The massacre of innocent people cannot ever be condoned.A. overlookedB. praiseC. condemnedD. satisfiedSection BDirections： Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.16. When he realized the true nature of the proposal, he

9、 all communication with the group.A. convertB. avertedC. severedD. make17. The worsening financial situation made it obvious that an economic depression was.A. attainableB. remoteC. imminentD. eminent18. All of the dental instruments need to be before the next patient is seen.A. heatedB. scaldedC. s

10、terilizedD. burned19. Rock climbing is so popular now that many people are able to the steepest face with greatagility.A. scale8. surpassC overcome D. mount20. If you call the 911 emergency number, they will firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately.A. assignB. detachC. attachD. dispatch21. His

11、 evident to his wife despite her indiscretion proved him to be a man of integrity.A. personalityB. characterC. fidelityD. morality22.1 dont know why he has been given. It wasnt his accomplishment but his wifes.A. acclaimB. confidence C. reimbursementD. robustness23. After a concert tour in Asia, Can

12、ada and the U. S,he will work on a five-language opera.A. confineB. indulgeC. resume D. undergo24. When Ph. D candidates their impending professorships, they consider housing benefits offeredby the prospective universities.A. anticipateB. assumeC. applyD. demand25. My supply of confidence slowlyas t

13、he deadline approached.A. withdrewB. eliminatedC. exterminatedD. diminished26. The battle is of great significance when viewed in the of the progress of the war.A. prospective B. respectiveC. perspective D. prescriptive27. It has long been known that total sleep is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, up

14、on examination of thedead bodies, the animals look completely normal.A. deposition B. destructionC. deprivation D. reduction28. In that country, hospital doctors don*t go sightseeing very often because their work almost alltheir time.A. takesup B. takes offC. takes apart D. takes over29. According t

15、o the law of that country, the Parliament will have to be before the General Election.A. decomposed B. dispersedC. dissolvedD. disintegrated30. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to the consequences.A. answer for B. run intoC. abide byD. step intoPART II Gr

16、ammar (15 points)Section ADirections: Choose the letter that indicates the error in the sentence.31. Switzerland is best known for its majesty mountain range and thousands flock to the Alps ABCeach year to take advantage of their ideal skiing conditions. D32. Police were sent to disperse the crowds

17、but ended up by shooting down protesters and it ABwas in this chaos that the seeds of political liberation were sown. CD33. Even today, through the hu$tle and bustle of Nevsky Prospect, St Petersburgs main street, ABthe classical beauty of the city mesmerizes the eye. CD34. She is furious of her son

18、s grades in school, which explains why Mark is jealous of Julia,s high A BCmarks on the exam. D35. Smc-choked Southern California demands them, It*s a car for people who never want to go Atoagas station again. But the fact Is, for all the talk, selling gas-lcs$ machines has been aBChardsull.D36. Peo

19、ple thought: Hey, eat a carp and you will be taking in what it is that gives you these fish ABtheir long lifpan. Of course, it hasnt done a lot of good for these carp.CD37. In deciding to undertake dangerous pursuits, people usually strive for their maximum Apersonal ability rating, when they are ch

20、allenaed but can he victorious, rather than merely BCsurmountinRthe mediocre. D38. In proposing such philanthropic donations, the director of the company certainly spoke froma genuine concern for the needy and not any desire for personal accolades.CD39. The armor, infantry and other military forces

21、were held ud by the enemy counter attack, ABCthus caused the delay in the advance.D40. Just as children the world over like Christmas rooming, adults so like Christmas evening ABCwhen peace and calm return to the household. D41. Each employee with a modicum of intMigenca would be able to undertake s

22、uch a basic process. ABCD42. The economic situation will improve given that there is forecast to be less unemployment ABand closures than in previous years.CD43. The three most important issues of concern to citizens today are prison reform, ABabusinu children and toxic waste.CD44. 1 was on th verR

23、ofMr. Rochesters wrath by not listening to his prohibitions,ABwhile a ray once more shone almost imperceptibly on the hallway wall and I heard his muffled CDstep on the carpet.45. The above is the most important aspect which apes can be told from more Drimitive social ABCDgroupings.Section BDirectio

24、ns: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.46. that the earth was flat?A. Used it to be thoughtB. Did it used to be thoughtC. Was it need to being thoughtD. Does it used to be thou曲t47. It is most inappropriate in the college VIP lounge.A. for any students to be thereB. for there to be any s

25、tudentsC. to be any students thereD. to have there any students48. She much more accurate responses now, had she taken more pains in devising the questions.A. gotB. would have got C. had gotD. would be getting49. An extensive foundation in the basic sciences should be required of all science student

26、s,.A. whether they are future physicists or chemists.B. be they future physicists or chemists.C. they are future physicists or chemists.D. they should be future physicists or chemists.50. The general opinion is that he is to complain.A. so much a milquetoastB. too a milquetoastC. too much of a milqu

27、etoastD. so much of a milquetoast51. Although of course there are exceptions, it seems reasonably dear that in certain countries - Rwanda, Somalia and parts of the former Yugoslavia come to mind-hunger is less a result of an absolute food52. The ozone layer plays as great a role in the suability of

28、spaceship Earth as the waters of its lakes,ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.A. doB. doesC. playD. are53. Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was last week.A. to be started B. to have started C to have been starting D. start54. Despite an overlay

29、 of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic,its grammatical structure.A. the some are B. and so are G as didD. and so were55. Although money is always useful, it isnt all.A. what there is to life B. to which there

30、is In life C. there is to life D. that is in life 56.ever so humble, theres no plane like home.A. It beB. Be itC. It wasD. Was it57. all customs, no matter how sacrosanct, are essentially learned reactions appropriate, perhaps only to the holders thereof is a basic assumption of anthropologists.A. N

31、earlyB. It is nearlyC. That nearly D. When nearly58. Although women cluster to him like moths around a flame, he is none happier for it.A. butB. theC. matchD. any59. The major reason why Americans enjoy an abundant food supply is that the arable land at their disposal for food production is.A. three

32、 times more the world averageB. three times as much the world averageC. three times the world averageD. the world average is three times60. The sound of the roaring of a tiger is heard by jungle dwellers feelings of unease, for ayear does not elapse without victims falling to the tigers ferocity.A.

33、alwayswithB. everwithoutC. ever.withD. never.withoutPART III Clone test (10 points)Directions: Choose the word that best completes the meaning.One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the pnvate ownership of the major means of productioncapital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can

34、 bring 61 profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists, 62 have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of 63 that they call postindustrial” society. One important change in such society is that the ownership of 64 amounts of capital is no longer the only or even

35、the most important 65 of profits and influence; knowledge as well as 66 capital brings profits and influence.There are many 67 wrth the thesis above, not the least of 68 is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not 69t

36、heimportance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the 70 of some new industries indicates.71 ,genetic engineering and the new computer technology have 72 many new fines and made some scientists quite rich. In 73 with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must also

37、 be 74_ that those already in control of huge amounts of capital major corporations) soon 75 to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly 76 . Many new high-tech jobs are being created at the uppe

38、r-skill, low-paying service 77 . Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge, individuals who fall too far behind in the 78 of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in English language has been a sever

39、e 79 for marry years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and 80 them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.61. A. quantitativeB. extensiveC. comprehensiveD. sophisticated62. A. moreoverB. howeverC. thereforeD. neverthele

40、ss63. A. aggressionB. proficiencyC. productivityD. evolution64. A. dominantB. impressiveC. magnificentD. significant65. A sourceB. factorC. componentD. dement66. A. adequateB. profitableC. materialD. spiritual67. A. advantagesB. consequencesC. problemsD. potentials68. A. themB. thoseC. whichD.that69

41、. A. denyB. refuseC. admitD. acknowledge70. A. emergenceB. innovationC. extinctionD. discovery71. A In additionB For exampleC. Above allD. In short72. A. producedB. createdC. improvedD. faalitated73. A. lineB. needC. doubtD. match74. A. IdealizedB. recognizedC. supervisedD. summarized75. A. stepped

42、inB. settled downC. leaned overD. mined out76 A accessibleB. importantC. popularD. abundant77. A. enterprisesB. employmentC. professionsD. industries78. A. controlB. masteryC.searchD. pursuit79. A. handicapB. penaltyC. inconvenienceD. shortcoming80. A. enforceB. punishC. confineD. condemnPART IV REA

43、DING COMPREHENSION (30 points)Directions: Answer all questions based on the information in the passages below.Passage 1Let us assume, for the moment, that labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or oth

44、erwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labor? Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor

45、, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum money-wage and not for a minimum real

46、wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would involve no significant change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply of labor is not a function of real wages as its sole variable, their argument breaks down entirely and leaves the question of what the actual employment

47、 will be quite indeterminate. They do not seem to have realized that unless the supply of labor is a function of real wages alone, their supply curve for labor will shift bodily with every movement of prices. Thus their method is tied up with their very special assumptions, and cannot be adapted to

48、deal with the more general case.Now ordinary experience tells us, beyond doubt, that a situation where labor stipulates (within limits) for a money-wage rather than a real wage, so far from being a mere possibility, is the normal case. Whilst workers will usually resist a reduction of money-wages, i

49、t is not their practice to withdraw their labor whenever there is a rise in the price of wage-goods. It is sometimes said that it would be illogical for labor to resist a reduction of money-wages but not to resist a reduction of real wages. For reasons given below, this might not be so illogical as

50、it appears at first; and, as we shall see later, fortunately so. But whether logical or illogical experience shows that this is how labor in fact behaves.Moreover, the contention that the unemployment which characterizes a depression is due to a refusal by labor to accept a reduction of money-wages

51、is not clearly supported by the facts. It is not very plausible to assert that unemployment in the United States in 1932 was due either to labor obstinately refusing to accept a reduction of money-wages or to its obstinately demanding a real wage beyond what the productivity of the economic machine

52、was capable of furnishing. Wide variations are experienced in the volume of employment without any apparent change either in the minimum real demands of labor or in its productivity. Labor is not more truculent In the depression than in the boom-fax from it. Nor is its physical productivity less. Th

53、ese facts from experience are a phma facie ground for questioning the adequacy of the classical analysis.81. Labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage. The sentence means.A. a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of laborB. a rise in the price of wage-go

54、ods would lead to a withdrawal of laborC. the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wageD. the demand of labor is for reduction in the value of real wages82. The classical school refers to.A. those scholars with traditional ideaB. the traditional schoolC. the experts who hold to the standa

55、rd theory D. all of the above83. According to the author, the supply curve for labor depends on the.A. red money wages B. movement of price C. function of money-wages D. both A & B84.叮heir“ method cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case because they have not realized that A. a fall in t

56、he value of real wages would lead to a withdrawal of the labor from market of laborB. a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead to a withdrawal from the labor market of laborC. the supply of labor is not a function of real wagesD. the demand of tabor is only for a minimum money-wag

57、es85. How dose labor usually behave?A. Labor would stipulate for money-wage.B. Labor would violently resist a reduction of real wages.C. Labor would strenuously resist a reduction of both money-wages and real wages.D. Labor would stipulate for real wages.86. The last paragraph of thus passage indicates that.A. labor resisted a reduction of money-wages, which characterized the depression of the 1930s in the U.S.B. labor demanded a real wage, which characterized the depression of 1930s in the U.S.C. neither labor refusing to work for a lower money-