數(shù)量增加或減少的翻譯

1、一、數(shù)量增加的翻譯（一）數(shù)量的增加表達(dá)數(shù)量的增加必須拿原來的數(shù)量作底數(shù)。 “增加增加”（了）（了） 、增長、增長”（了）（了） 、上升、上升（了）（了） 、提高（了）、提高（了）” 表示凈增數(shù)，不包括底數(shù)。 “增加到（為），增長到（為），上升到增加到（為），增長到（為），上升到（為）（為）” 指增加后的總數(shù)，包括底數(shù)。 by- to to + 數(shù)量：表示具體增加多少。數(shù)量：表示具體增加多少。Forest cover rose from 18.21% in 2003 to 20.36% in 2011. 2. Our per capita GDP rose from 1,000-plus US

2、dollars to 5,432 US dollars. by +數(shù)量：表示凈增數(shù)。數(shù)量：表示凈增數(shù)。The project increased the transmission line by five miles.2. In the first half of this year, Chinas GDP grew by 7.8% year-on-year.(二)倍數(shù)的增加（1）“n times/ n-fold +表示增加意義的形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than” 譯：比（高，大，長）n-1倍 或“是的n倍” 例1:This red dress is exactly five times more

3、 expensive than that blue one. 例2: The Yangtze River is almost 2-fold longer than the Pearl River. (2) “n times +as +表示增加的意義的形容詞或副詞+as” 譯：是的n 倍，或比大/高/長 (n-1) 倍例1：The damage caused by the earthquake is four times as huge as the flood.例2：The book is twice as long as that one.（3）“表示增加意義的動(dòng)詞（如：increase,

4、grow, rise, exceed, improve, go up to）+n times”譯：增加了（n-1）倍；增加到原來的n 倍。例1：The new technique improved the working conditions and raised efficiency four times.例2：Her income has increased three times since the year before. (4)“ 表示增加意義的動(dòng)詞+to+ n times 譯：增至原來的n倍。例1：The equipment will increase the efficiency

5、 to three times. 例2：The speed exceeded the average speed to three times.（5）比較級(jí)）比較級(jí)+by+ n times/ by a factor of n. 是的n倍 或增加了n-1倍例1：The weight of this suitcase is heavier than that one by 3 times.(6) “n times +the size(length/height)/ that of ”大小/長度/高度等是的n 倍 例：Shanghai is about 4 times that of Changsh

6、a.(7) n times +upon （over/ as against）增加到增加到n 倍倍例：The temperature in summer may be 5 times over against winter.（8）“n-fold +increase/growth in size/number” 譯：增加到譯：增加到n倍倍例：There is a 4-fold growth in the number of stamps I have collected. two-fold increase in size.（9）“double, triple, quadruple, duplic

7、ate”例1：The African athlete doubled the score of his opponent.例2：He has tripled his income during the last few years.二、數(shù)量減少的翻譯（一）“to+數(shù)量” 表示具體減少到多少 decrease to “by+數(shù)量” 表示凈減數(shù)。（二）英語習(xí)慣是表示成倍的減少，漢語里沒有減少了多少倍之說； 漢語說法：減少了幾分之幾，減少到原來的幾分之幾；，（1）“n times/nfold +表減少到形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than”譯：減少為原來的1/n；減少了(n-1)/n This kind o

8、f material is three times thinner than ordinary paper.(2) “n times +as +表減少意義的形容詞+asThe old lady walks twice as slow as her son.(3) “表減少意義的動(dòng)詞+to/by +n times.(4) decrease/decline/ fall + n times.(5) “be +n-fold+形容詞(比較級(jí)) +than” The house is 3-fold small than that one.(6) “n-fold +表減少的名詞decrease, reduc

9、tion The principal advantage over the old-fashioned machine is a four-fold reduction in weight.百分?jǐn)?shù)增減n% +比較級(jí)+thann% +比較級(jí)+名詞 Increase/decrease by +n%A +n%+ increase/decreaseDecrease to + n%n% +(of)+ 名詞代詞 John works 50 percent faster than Susan The new truck wasted 10 percent less gas. The energy suppl

10、y has increased by20%. There is a 15 percent increase of applicants as compared with last year. The cost is about 50 percent that of last year. The price of farm tools has decreased to 80%. “increased 3 times/folds”， “increased by 3 times”， “increase to 3 times”以及 “increase by a factor of 3”， 均應(yīng)譯為均應(yīng)

11、譯為“增加到增加到3倍倍”，或者，或者“增加增加2倍倍”， A is 3 times as great（long，much，）as B”， “A is 3 times greater （longer， more，）than B”， “A is 3 times the size （length， amount，）of B”， 均應(yīng)譯為；均應(yīng)譯為； “A的大?。ㄩL度，數(shù)量，的大?。ㄩL度，數(shù)量，）是）是B的的3倍倍”，或者，或者“A比比B大（長，多，大（長，多，）2倍倍”， 而不應(yīng)譯為而不應(yīng)譯為“A比比B大（長，多，大（長，多，）3倍倍”。 “decrease 3 times/folds ”； “d

12、ecrease by 3 times”； “decrease by a factor of 3” 均應(yīng)譯為“減少到1/3”，或者“減少2/3”。 “A is 3 times as small （light，slow，）as B”， “ A is 3 times smaller （lighter， slower，） than B”，均應(yīng)譯為“A的大?。ㄖ亓?，速度，）是B的1/3”， 或者“A比B?。ㄝp，慢，）2/3”， 而不應(yīng)譯為“A比B小（輕，慢，）3倍”。 需要注意的是，增加用倍數(shù)表示，減少用分?jǐn)?shù)表示。增加用倍數(shù)表示，減少用分?jǐn)?shù)表示。數(shù)字翻譯練習(xí)1.The Asia Pacific regi

13、on accounts for almost 60 percent of the worlds GDP. 2.The operational mileage of railways increased by 13,500 kilometers. The mileage of highways was extended by 376,000 kilometers, including the 24,600 kilometers of expressways. 3. From 2002 to 2011, Chinas GDP grew at an average annual rate of 10

14、.7%, and moved up from the sixth to the second place in the world. Our per capita GDP rose from 1,000-plus US dollars to 5,432 US dollars. 4. Chinas foreign trade volume also climbed from the sixth to the second place in the world, and foreign exchange reserves exceeded three trillion US dollars.5.

15、Our budget deficit and outstanding government debt in 2011 were 1.8% and 15.28% of the GDP, both lower than their 2002 levels of 2.57% and 16.07%.6.The ratio of non-performing loans in the banking sector went down from 15.2% at the end of 2003 to 1.8% in 2011.7.Forest cover rose from 18.21% in 2003

16、to 20.36% in 2011.8.Our current account surplus as a percentage of GDP came down to 2.8%9.The number of granted patents increased by 18.2 times.10. Over 100 million new urban jobs were created in the past ten years, including more than 10 million jobs annually for the past five consecutive years.11.

17、 More than 1.3 billion urban and rural residents subscribed to the programs and the coverage of basic medical insurance programs topped 95%. 12.Basic pension for enterprise retirees increased at an average annual rate of 10% for eight consecutive years.13.The per capita urban disposable income and p

18、er capita rural net income increased at an average annual rate of 9.2% and 8.1% respectively in real terms.14.We scaled up input in building low-income housing and raised its coverage from less than 4% in 2008 to the current 11%.15.The Consumer Price Index (CPI) in July rose 1.8% over the same period o