2022閱讀技巧之詞義猜測

1、2022高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解解題技巧閱讀理解解題技巧一、一、 詞義猜測詞義猜測 （word-guessing） How can you guess the meaning of a word? 1.Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My teacher was an older woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. “圓胖的圓胖的, 豐滿的豐滿的” 1.synonym 同義詞同義詞Skill 1 A good boss can tell the adept worke

2、rs from the unskilled ones easily. 熟練的熟練的1.antonym 反義詞反義詞Skill 1通過通過對比和比較找出對比和比較找出 同義詞、同義詞、反義詞反義詞 (synonym) (antonym)來猜測詞義來猜測詞義解題技巧一：解題技巧一：表示對比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語表示對比關(guān)系的詞匯和短語: unlike，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast 和和similarly ，just as，also等等。1.）Andrew is one of the most arrogant men I know. His brothe

3、r, in contrast, is quite modest.傲慢的傲慢的Skill 12.）Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 健談的健談的Skill 1 She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. “修剪修剪”2以因果關(guān)系為線索以因果關(guān)系為線索 cause and effectSkill 2以以因果關(guān)系因果關(guān)系為線索猜測詞義為線索猜測詞義 cause and effect解題技巧二：解題技巧二：

4、1）The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 永久的永久的Challenge yourself !Challenge yourself !1. Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road. 不貴的不貴的3.prefix 前綴前綴S

5、kill 3可預(yù)見的可預(yù)見的3.suffix 后綴后綴Skill 32.This possibility was foreseeable，because it always happened.根據(jù)根據(jù) 構(gòu)詞法（前綴構(gòu)詞法（前綴prefix、后綴后綴suffix）來猜測詞義）來猜測詞義解題技巧三：解題技巧三：1.They took care not to prejudge the issue.預(yù)先判斷，過早判斷預(yù)先判斷，過早判斷2.We should attach importance to the problems of childrens non-attendance at school.

6、缺席、不到場缺席、不到場1.It will be very hard but also very brittle.that is, it will break easily Skill 4脆的脆的4.定義法定義法根據(jù)根據(jù) 定義（定義（definition）來猜）來猜測詞義測詞義常用提示詞：常用提示詞：that is，be defined as, be known as , be called, mean 等等.解題技巧四：解題技巧四：1.) The young man was bashful that he did not dare to speak to the pretty girl. s

7、kill4羞怯的羞怯的 2. ） The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.1.You can take any of the periodicals: Reader, English Salon , or English Learning. Skill 5 期刊期刊5.以列舉的事例以列舉的事例根據(jù)根據(jù) 列舉的事例來猜測詞義列舉的事例來猜測詞義解題技巧五：解題技巧五：2.）家用電器家用電器1.This kind of flower thrives in this area because the weat

8、her is warm, the soil is excellent and there is a lot of rain. A. grows well B. makes a few flowers C. dies D. fails to growSkill 66.語境判斷語境判斷通過上下文語境來猜測詞義通過上下文語境來猜測詞義 context解題技巧六：解題技巧六：At the age of 77，John was still playing a skillful game of tennis，ran four miles everyday and seldom missed his dai

9、ly swimFor a man of his age he was extremely robust According to the short passage，the word“robust”，probably means_. A. strange Bweak C. Strong D. interestingSkill 6What skills have we learnt?1.通過對比和比較找出反義詞，近義詞通過對比和比較找出反義詞，近義詞來猜測詞義（來猜測詞義（synonym，antonym）2.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義（根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義（cause and effect）3.根據(jù)根

10、據(jù) 定義來猜測詞義（定義來猜測詞義（definition）4.根據(jù)根據(jù) 構(gòu)詞法：前綴、后綴來猜測詞義構(gòu)詞法：前綴、后綴來猜測詞義5.根據(jù)根據(jù) 列舉的事例來猜測詞義列舉的事例來猜測詞義（example）6.通過上下文語境來猜測詞義（通過上下文語境來猜測詞義（context）1. When Andrea Peterson did her first teaching job, she faced the daunting task of creating a music program with almost no money for equipment or supplies .The unde

11、rlined word “daunting” means _.（ 2007山東卷) A. challenging B. interesting C. creative D. easy-goingA3.Some family names were made by adding something to fathers name. English- speaking people added s or son . For example, the Johnsons are descendants of John.(2010 江蘇)A. later generations B. friends an

12、d relatives C. colleagues and partners D. later sponsorsThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(參議院參議院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever. 真題再練真題再練 (2017全國全國卷卷29) Gray

13、 wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where

14、there were fewer humans around. What does the underlined word “displaced” in the paragraph mean?A. Tested. B. Separated.C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.C 推斷單詞含義。推斷單詞含義。由畫線詞的前一分句可知由畫線詞的前一分句可知“灰狼灰狼在黃石和美國大陸的大部分地區(qū)曾經(jīng)隨處可見在黃石和美國大陸的大部分地區(qū)曾經(jīng)隨處可見”，但但but話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，“但是由于人類的發(fā)展，它們漸但是由于人類的發(fā)展，它們漸漸地漸地”；漸漸地怎么了？；漸漸地怎么了？“

15、到到20世紀(jì)世紀(jì)20年代在黃石年代在黃石幾乎消失了幾乎消失了”；去哪了？；去哪了？“去了人口稀少的加拿大去了人口稀少的加拿大森林了。森林了。”由此推斷，它們因人類的發(fā)展而由此推斷，它們因人類的發(fā)展而“被迫被迫離開離開(forced out)”美國大陸，故選美國大陸，故選C項(xiàng)。其他選項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。其他選項(xiàng)“被測試被測試”“”“被分開被分開”“”“被跟蹤追捕被跟蹤追捕”均與語境無均與語境無關(guān)。關(guān)。取代取代, ,替代替代測試測試分開分開追查到追查到 (2016全國全國卷卷30) There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditi

16、ons. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. A practical idea.B. A vain

17、 hope.C. A brilliant plan.D. A selfish desire.B 推斷短語含義。推斷短語含義。由畫線詞所在句由畫線詞所在句“but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it”可知，它需要在溫暖的氣候、肥沃可知，它需要在溫暖的氣候、肥沃的土壤下才可以種植，因此，對相信可以種植它的的土壤下才可以種植，因此，對相信可以種植它的大多數(shù)蘋果愛好者都大多數(shù)蘋果愛好者都“希望落

18、空希望落空”，故選，故選B項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。 (2017全國全國卷卷33) Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now be

19、comes lunch. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in the paragraph?A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.A 推斷句子含義。推斷句子含義。畫線處前一句提到一些被襲擊畫線處前一句提到一些被襲擊的植物發(fā)出香味來吸引襲擊者的天敵，畫線處的植物發(fā)出香味

20、來吸引襲擊者的天敵，畫線處后一句提到那些本來打算去吃午餐的襲擊者變后一句提到那些本來打算去吃午餐的襲擊者變成了午餐，換句話說，這些襲擊者就變成被襲成了午餐，換句話說，這些襲擊者就變成被襲擊者了。因此選擊者了。因此選A項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。 (2017全國全國卷卷29) Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. Its Jason

21、Morans job to help change that爵士樂愛好者正在減少并逐漸變老，且不受年輕爵士樂愛好者正在減少并逐漸變老，且不受年輕一代歡迎一代歡迎 What does the underlined word “that” in the paragraph refer to?A. Jazz becoming more accessible.B. The production of jazz growing faster.C. Jazz being less popular with the young.D. The jazz audience becoming larger.C 代

22、詞指代題。代詞指代題。指代上一段的指代上一段的“the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”，爵士樂愛好者正在減少并逐漸變老，且爵士樂不爵士樂愛好者正在減少并逐漸變老，且爵士樂不受年輕一代歡迎。故選受年輕一代歡迎。故選C項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。 (2019全國全國1卷卷) But hes nervous.Im here to tell you today why you should shouldChris trips on

23、 the-ld,a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.Vote for me Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise

24、him.25. What does the underlined word stumbles in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes. (2019全國全國2卷卷) I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need

25、 a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, Alright. Yes, Ill do it.25. What does the underlined phrase tug at the heartstrings in para