人教版英語必修五知識點

1、U5(BX5)FirstaidLanguagepoints1 Aid(v)幫助；援助=helpsb幫助某人去做.aidsbtodo在事幫助某人aidsbinHeaidedmeinbusiness.Iaidedhertocontinueherstudy.AtChristmas,manyorganizationsaidthepoor.n/U/幫助；援助在某人的幫助下withtheaidof為了幫助inaidofTeachersgivetheirlessonswiththeaidofcomputers.Heraisedmoneyinaidofthesick.知識拓展：give/offeraid援助c

2、ometosb.'said幫助某人cutoffaid(突然)終止援助ahearingaid助聽器teachingaids教具medicalaid醫(yī)療救護(hù)2 .temporary暫時的，臨時的temporaryrelieffrompain短暫的解痛temporarywork/solution臨時工作/解決辦法3 .fallillfall+adj.illasleepawakesicksilentHiswifesuddenlylastweek.Shehasforaweek.fellillbeenill4 get+過去分詞表被動或狀態(tài)Thecomputergotdamagedwhenwewer

3、emoving.Mybikeisgettingrepairednow.MyglassesgotbrokenwhileIwasplayingbasketball.PeterandMarygotmarriedlastyear.getdonegetinjured受傷getdressed穿衣服getdamaged遭到破壞getchanged改變getmarried結(jié)婚getinfected被感染getbroken被弄破getlost迷失，走失5injurev.n.adj.injurytosth.(部位)的傷Hegotatwork.他干活時腿受了重傷。(injury)Heintheaccident.他在

4、意外事故中受了傷。(injure)injuriestothelegsgotinjuredinjuryinjuredhurt肉體，精神上的傷害(一般用語)，疼痛injure意外或事故而受傷wound指外傷(刀、槍、僉U傷)woundedinjuredhurthurtinjuredHegotinthefighting.Hewasbadlyinacaraccident.Herwordsmedeeply.ImybackwhenIfell.Myfeet.6.bleed-blood-bloody(v.)(n.)(adj.)Hisnosewasbleeding.=Hewasbleedingatthenose

5、.=Hehasabloodynose.他在流鼻血。bleedfor為而流血，悲痛bleedtodeath出血過多而死loseblood流血、失血fleshandblood血肉之軀7.chokevi.&vt.窒息；阻塞Shechokedwithemotion.她激動得說不出話來。Thesmokealmostchokedme.煙嗆得我?guī)缀醮怀鰵鈦?。Atthebadnews,hecouldn'tchokebackhistear聽到這則噩耗，他抑制不住自己的眼淚。Themangaveafewchokesandthengothisbreath.刃B個男人噎了幾下才喘過氣來。adj.最重

6、要的，不可缺少的，本質(zhì)的1)Sunandwaterareessentialtothegrowthofcrops.陽光和水是農(nóng)作物生長不可缺的。2)Itisessentialforustosetourstudygoal.我們有必要來設(shè)定我們的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。3)Itisessentialthatyou(should)winthevoter'shearts.贏得選民的信任是至關(guān)重要的。當(dāng)用it充當(dāng)主語而用它充當(dāng)表語時，that從句的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形9.Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease,actas作為.

7、barrier屏障，障礙物，隔閡Youshouldshowtheticketatthebarrier.Thelanguagebarrieragainst反對，阻止whichactasbarrier定從10poisonn./vt.毒藥，毒害；毒害，使中毒eg:1)Poisonsmustbeputoutofchildren'sreach.毒藥一定要放在孩子們夠不到的地方。2)Thismatterwillmakesomepoisontothecrops.這種物質(zhì)會對莊稼造成毒害。3)Booksofthiskindcanmakepoisontochildren.這類書會對兒童造成毒害。4)He

8、roinhaspoisonedalotofpeople.海洛因毒害了彳艮多人。5)Thepollutedwaterintheriverpoisonedpeoplehere.污染了的河水使這兒的人中毒。poisonousadj.有毒(害)的eg:Thismedicineispoisonousiftakeninlargequantities.against/from保護(hù)不受的損害preventfromdoing阻止.Wearsunglassesto.Youneedwarmclothes.Nobodycan(阻止他們結(jié)婚).protectyoureyesfromstronglighttoprotec

9、tyouagainstcoldpreventthemfromgettingmarriedItismydutytomystudentsfrombeinghurtwhentheyareindanger.DA.preventB.saveC.stopD.protectpreventsb.(from)doingstopsb.(from)doingkeepsb.fromdoing12.sense(n.&v.)fivesenses：senseofsmellsenseofhearingthesixthsensesenseoftouchsenseofsightsenseoftastesenseofhum

10、our、duty、directionThemanhasnocommonsense.(無常識)Whathesaidmadenosense.股道理)sense(v.)感覺到Althoughshedidn'tsayanythsegsedthatshedidn'tliketheidea(我感覺到她不喜歡這個主意)asyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious.該句是個主從復(fù)合句,主句為：Soifyourskingetsburned,itcanbeveryserious;從句為：asyoucanimagine.as引導(dǎo)非限制

11、性定語從句，指代后面的內(nèi)容，有芷如”或就象”的意思；它所引的從句位置較靈活，可以位于句首、句中或句末。另外，該句的主句中還含有一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。請看類似的句子：Asyoucansee,iftheyarenotproperlyprotected,thefarmlandswillbecomedessertssoonerorlater.正如你所看到的，這些農(nóng)田如果保護(hù)不當(dāng)遲早會變成沙漠。asweallknow=asisknowntoallasweexpect=asisexpectedaseverybodycanseeasyoucanimagine不同的，各種各樣的Therearevario

12、uscolorstochoosefrom.varyvi1.(insth)bedifferentinsize,volume,strength,etc(體積、容積、力量等)呈現(xiàn)不同Opinionsvaryonthispoint.15.vary(withsth);(fromsthtosth)change,espaccordingtosomefactor改變，變動，變化(尤指伴隨某種因素而產(chǎn)生)Pricesvarywithseasons.物價隨季節(jié)而變動Hermoodvariedfromoptimismtoextremedepression.她的情緒由樂觀變而為極度消沉varietyn.變化，多樣性，

13、種類Weallneedvarietyinourdiet.我們都需要飲食多樣化Theshoppingcentersellsavarietyofgoodsavarietyof+名詞，謂語動詞的數(shù)和后面的名詞保持一致on取決于，依賴，依靠，信賴，信任Hiswholefamilydependsonhim他全家都靠他養(yǎng)活.Heisamantobedependedon他是個可以信賴的人dependent(adj.)dependence(n.)independent(adj.)independence(n.)17 .mild-milder-mildest-mildlyExamplesincludemilds

14、unburnandburnscausedbytouchingahotpan,d在這個句子中的意思是輕微的、不嚴(yán)重的”。如：Edwardsufferedfromamildheartattack.愛德華犯了輕微的心臟病。mild還可以表示溫和的、暖和的；味淡的”如：She'sthemildestpersonIhaveevermetinmylife.她是我平生見到過的最溫柔的人了amildclimate溫暖的天氣mildcheese淡味奶酪gentle/soft/mildThepunishmentisvery.Theweatheris.Ili

15、keapillow.Hewasapersonofbirth.(身世良好)Hdmildgentlesoftgentle/soft/mild18 .詞語辨析：electric電的,發(fā)電的，由電產(chǎn)生的，用于導(dǎo)電的.electrical有關(guān)電的，與電有關(guān)的.electricity電，電力.電力學(xué)electricgenerator發(fā)電機(jī)，electriccooker電爐，electriciron電熨斗,electricengineer電機(jī)工程vt./vi.Swellswelled/swelledswollen使膨脹，使（力量，數(shù)目等）增長，使壯大，Thewindswe

16、lledthesails.風(fēng)使船帆鼓起。Hisinjuredwristbegantoswell（up）.他那受傷的手腕開始腫起。Herfaceswelledupwithtoothche.Thewindswelledintoastorm.風(fēng)力漸增，終于形成一場暴風(fēng)雨。asmallbusinessswelledintoabigcompany.壯大4）Neverswellwithpridewhenyoumakesomecontributions.有了貢獻(xiàn)不要沾沾自喜。swellwithpride/anger得意洋洋、怒氣沖沖Thedoctorexaminedtheswellingonmyback.s

17、wollenadj.腫脹的Hiseyelidisswollen.他眼皮腫了。sticksth.tosth.粘住Stickthegluetomyfingers.sticktodoingsthstickto堅持sticktoone'sivew己的觀點21. jewellery=jewelry珠寶（總稱）不可數(shù)jewel可數(shù)，珠寶，珍視的人、物Thewerekeptinthesafe.Manywomenliketobuyasmuchaspossible.FatheralwayssaysIamhis.jeweljewelleryjewelsSheappearedatthereceptionwe

18、aringherfinestjewels.Shelockedherjewelsinthejewellerybox.Mysisterhas_.A.apieceofjewelleryB.ajewelleryC.alittleofjewelsD.abitjewelleryburnsimmediatelywithcoolbutnoticywater.立即用涼水給傷口沖涼，但不要用冰水-y是個形容詞后綴。如：windy有風(fēng)hilly多小山的sleepy困倦的greeny略呈綠色的spicy辛辣的woody樹木茂密的23.unbearable不能忍受的un一不能.，無法.unforgettableunwi

19、llingunusualuncertainunfairunfitunbelievableunfortunateunlikeuncomfortable24. squeeze擠；壓；塞osth.把塞進(jìn)sth.from/outofsth.擠出through擠過sth.outofsb.敲詐逼某人說出sbin擠出時間見某人crocodilesqueezedatear.Isqueezedmyselfontothecrowdedtrain.Hesqueezedeverythingintoasuitcase.Shewatchedhergrandmasqueezethejuiceoutofalem

20、onattentivelyAlthoughIambusy,Istillcansqueezeyouinat10oclock'Thoseblackmailersintendedtosqueezemoremoneyoutofhim.那些勒索者打算向他榨取更多錢。I'llnevergiveintoyou,andyoucansqueezenothingoutofmeThelittleboyissqueezingthetoothpastefromthetubeontothetoothbrush25. overandoveragainListsomephrasesorwordsthathav

21、esimilarmeaningoverandoveragainandagainoverandagainmanytimesrepeatedlyfromtimetotimenowandthennowandagainSometimesAttimesOnoccasions26. Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.用膠布把繃帶固定。inplace在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤?。如：Thelibrarianputthereturnedbooksinplace.圖書館員把還回的圖書放到原處。You'dbetterputthingsbackinplace!最好把你的東西放回原位。Herdres

22、swasoutofplaceattheceremony.(不得體，不適當(dāng))inplace還有準(zhǔn)備就緒”的意思。如：ThearrangementsfortheconcertnextSaturdayareallinplace.周六的音樂會已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備就緒。Witheverythinginplace,shestartedtheslideshow.1 .倒，灌，注Shepouredherselfanothercupoftea.她為自己又倒了一杯茶。2 .傾注;大量投入；大量生產(chǎn)Theyhavepouredmoneyintothetouristindustry.他們已經(jīng)把大筆錢投入了旅游業(yè)。3傾吐，訴說Sh

23、eoftenpourshertroublestofriends.她經(jīng)常向朋友們傾訴自己的苦惱。不及物動詞vi.1 .傾7寫，涌流Thecrowdpouredoutoftheconcerthall.人群從音樂廳涌出來。SweatpouredfromMartin'sface.馬丁臉上汗如雨下。2 .斟茶ShallIpour我來斟茶好嗎3 (雨)傾盆而降(+down)Therainpouredsteadilydown.大雨不停地傾盆而下。Pourcoldwateron/over對一潑冷水Pouroilontheflames火上澆油Pouroilontroubledwaters平息風(fēng)波I.用括

24、號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Thereareover115differentkindsof(poison)snakesinAustralia.2. Doctorsinthathospitalaredevelopinganew(treat)forcancer.3. Heisa(mildly)personwhonevershouts.poisonoustreatmentmild4. Thismachinehasan(electric)fault.(與電有關(guān)的)5. Hisfacewas(swell)upwithtoothache.6. Ifhe(blood)toomuch,hislifewil

25、lbeindanger.7. Hisfootwasburnedbyhotwaterandtherewereseveral(water)blistersonit.swollenbleedswateryelectricalII.根據(jù)句意，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。1. protect;defenda. Takinganumbrellacanyoufromrain.b. Stectprotect/defend2. wound;injure;hurta. Shewasbadlywhen

26、shefelloffherbike.b. Hislegwhenhewalks.c. Thesoldiergotaseriousinthewar.hurt/injuredwoundhurts3. insiston;sticktoa. Onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshouldit.b. Theyleavingthatday.c. Healwayshispromise.stickstosticktoinsistedon4. cutoff;cutout;cutupHewasthemeatandwantedtomakedumplings.b. Youcantheuni

27、mportantdetails.c. Thevillagewasbyheavysnowforamonth.cutoffcuttingupcutoutIII.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1. Wedon'twanttohearyouropinions;stick_thefacts.2. Therobberrobbedthebank_force.3. Whetherwewillhaveapicnictomorrowdepends_theweather.4. Hewasgreatpainafterhebrokehisarm.tobyonin/of5. Theydecidedtojointofightt

28、heenemyanddefendtheircountry.6. Assoonasallthechairsare_place,wecanletthepeoplein.Don'ttakeanynotice_whathesays.8.theaidofourteacher,wegotthroughallthedifficulties.WithagainstinofV.下列各句均有一處錯誤，請指出并改正.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroom,you'llhavetopayQthyuan.another2. Firstthecurtaincaughtafirean

29、dthenthebedclothes.it3. Ilikethatintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.4. Tomydisappointment,noneofmyparentsansweredthetelephone.neither5. Sheknewtherewasnodoubtwhetherhewaslyingtoher.that6. ItwasinthestreetwhereImetJohn.that7. Thespeechisintheplaceforthisoccasion.VI.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)所給的提示將下列句子翻譯成英語。1 .他被年輕

30、人擠出了人才市場。(squeezeoutof)Hewassqueezedoutofthejobmarketbyyoungpeople.2 .我一次又一次地警告過你不要再做那么傻的事。(overandoveragain)I'vewarnedyouoverandoveragainnottodosuchsillythings.3 .用膠帶固定好繃帶。(inplace)Holdthebandageinplacewithtape.4 .風(fēng)暴對莊稼沒造成多大的破壞。(dodamageto)Thestormdidn'tdomuchdamagetothecrops.5 .我不懷疑他能按日完成任

31、務(wù)。(doubt)Idon'tdoubtthathecanfinishthetaskontime.6 .堅持做完一件事。(stickto)Sticktoataskuntilitisfinished.7 .法律一旦被制訂，就應(yīng)該被認(rèn)真執(zhí)行。(carryout)Lawsmustbecarriedoutseriouslyoncemade.8 .正是那個護(hù)士的快速反應(yīng)和急救知識挽救了男孩的生命。Itwasthenursequickactionandknowledgeoffirstaidthatsavedtheboy.Reading21 baward,reward,prizeaward指正式地或

32、官方地頒發(fā)，授予，給予；也可以指法庭裁決給予。如：Theschoolprincipalawardedaprizeinhistorytothebeststudent.學(xué)校校長將歷史獎授予最出色的學(xué)生。reward報答，報償，獎賞”，表示由于做了某事而應(yīng)該得到的東西。如：Thefiremanreceivedarewardforsavingthechild'slife.因救了小孩的命，消防員提到一筆獎金。prize獎賞，獎金，獎品”，尤指在比賽中獲得的榮譽。如：Hundredsofprizescanbewoninournewspapercompetition.參加我們報紙的競賽可以贏得數(shù)以百

33、計的獎品。iswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadtoA.rewardsB.prizesC.awardsD.results2. Themayorthepoliceofficeramedalofhonorforhisheroicdeedinrescuingtheearthquakevictims.A)rewardedB)awardedC)creditedD)prized一.award與reward詞義辨析AB3.Thepolicehaveofferedalarge_forinformationlead

34、ingtotherobber'sarrest.A.awardB.compensationC.prizeD.rewardn.(U)榮譽，尊敬；名譽It'sapointofhonorwithmetoreplyallmydebtspromptly.(C)引以為榮的人/事，只用單數(shù)。(D)Thesuccessfullaunchofthe“ShenzhouVI"isanhonortoourcountry.dosbanhonor/thehonor(ofdoingsth)使某人有特殊的榮幸，賞光Willyoudomethehonorofdiningwithme可否賞光和我一起吃飯i

35、nsb's/sth'閾版址的敬意WeareplanningabigChristmaspartyinyourhonor.我們正籌備為你舉行一次盛大的圣誕晚會。inhonorof，一為紀(jì)念，為慶祝Amonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftheheroeswhogaveuptheirlivesduringthewar.為了名己念在戰(zhàn)爭中獻(xiàn)身的英雄們，建立了一座紀(jì)念碑。Honorv.給予表揚(或獎勵、頭銜、稱號)1honorsb/sth(withsth)ThePresidenthonoreduswithapersonalvisit.2behonoredfor因而受到尊敬Dr

36、Bethunewashonoredforhisselflesswork.白求恩大夫由于他無私的工作而受到贊譽。3 be/feelhonoredthat很榮幸育總做Iamhonoredthatyoushouldnoticeme.我很榮幸您能注意到我。4 be/feelhonoredtodo很榮幸能做。Iamhonoredtobeherewithyou.能和你在這里我感到很榮幸。anhonoredguest貴賓3presentv.Joanwaspresentedwithhisawardataceremonywhichrecognizedthebraveryofthelifeofanother.1

37、.贈送present+sth.+to+sb.把某物送給某人present+sb.+withsth.贈送某人某物2 .introduce(sb)formally正式介紹Shepresentedherboyfriendtous.她把男朋友介紹給我們。3 .show顯示，呈現(xiàn)asmilingface顯出一張笑臉4 .描述Thecharactersinthenovelarevividlyed.小說中人物被描寫得很生動adj.作前置定語，目前的，現(xiàn)在的”作后置定語，出席的在場的thepresentmembersthememberspresentn.gift禮物相關(guān)短語：thepresentday今天(=

38、today)atpresent/atthepresenttime=now現(xiàn)在forthepresent暫時thepresent現(xiàn)在（相當(dāng)于名詞）bepresentat出席例場4） .ceremonyn.（C）典禮；儀式（U）禮節(jié)；禮儀；客套Theweddingceremonywasbeautiful.Thereisnoneedforceremonybetweenus.Expressions:standonceremony拘泥禮節(jié)；講究客套withceremony正式；隆重withoutceremony不拘禮節(jié)地；隨便地Theheadofstatewaswelcomedwithfullcerem

39、ony.人們以最高規(guī)格的儀式歡迎國家首腦。5） .Johnwasstudyinginhisroomwhenheheardscreaming.此句型中when作并列連詞相當(dāng)于andthen意為"正當(dāng)時突然”常用于以下句型：bedoingwhen正在做突然beabouttodowhel將做突然beonthepointtodowhefe做.突然has/have/haddonewhe第U剛這時（突然）例題（06,?胡南）Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusydryingmyselfwithatowel,_Iheardthesteps.A.while

40、B.whenC.sinceD.after6） cutone'sfinger割破手指haveone'shaircut理發(fā)cutexpenses減少費用cutaclass逃學(xué)Wasyoursalarycut你的薪水減少了嗎習(xí)慣用語：becutoutfor有做某事的天賦；適合于；與相配合shortcut捷徑，近路（一般和make,take連用；有時用作定語）drawcuts抽簽cutabout亂切，亂砍亂跑cutat向.砍去猛打毀掉cutaway切除，剪掉匆匆跑掉cutback（on）減少；剪短；倒敘；縮減；中斷；cutdown削減，壓縮砍倒使喪命比.強；使.遜色cutin插進(jìn)來說，

41、插嘴夾進(jìn)來，夾塞干預(yù)超車cutinto插進(jìn)來，參加（談話），打斷（別人的話）；減少，縮減；切開；侵犯（利益）cutoff切斷，停掉隔絕，擋住死掉使電話中斷切剪下來剝奪（繼承權(quán)）cutout刪掉停止（機(jī)器）失靈numberof+可數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，意為許多，大量的，thenumberof+可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，意為".的數(shù)量”eg:1）Anumberofproblemshavearisen.已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了彳艮多問題。2）Thenumberofcollegeshasincreasedinthepast10years.在過去的十年里，大學(xué)的數(shù)量有所增加。-其他表示許多，大量”的短語：agre

42、at/goodmanyalarge/great/good/smallnumberof+可數(shù)名詞agoodfew/quiteafewmanyamuchagreat/gooddealofagreat/largeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞quitealittlealotof/lotsofagreat/largequanitityof+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞largequanititiesofplentyofone'shandson找至Ueg:Fewofthestudentshaveputtheirhandsonthematerialsfortheircompositions.沒有幾個學(xué)生找到適合

43、他們作文的素材。vt.1）對待；看待，把.看作：treat虐待某人treatdistinguishdedguest把某人待為上賓treatsb.withconsideration對待某人很體貼Donottreatthisseriousmatterasajoke.2）討論；探討；詳述；（文學(xué)，藝術(shù)作品中）描繪，描述；表現(xiàn)：Hetreatsthissubjectthoroughlyinhisbook.他在書中詳盡透徹地討論了這個問題。3）醫(yī)治，治療：treatsb.forinfluenza給某人醫(yī)治流行感冒treatsb'stoothciche某人的牙痛4）款待，請客（to）:treats

44、b.toanice-cream（atheatre）請某人吃冰激凌（看戲）Illtreatmyselftoasunbath要好好地享受一次日光浴。Let'sgooutfordinne-mytreatthistime.這次由我請客。10.applyVt.涂，敷;應(yīng)用；適用Application-applicant-applicance-applicable1）涂，敷她在臉上濃妝艷抹Sheappliedheavymakeuptoherface.2）我們應(yīng)該把理論應(yīng)用于實踐。Weshouldapplytheorytopractice.Thisrulecannotbeappliedtoevery

45、case.vi.申請applytosbforsthapplyforajob申請就業(yè)Applyforascholarship申請獎學(xué)金applytodosth申請做某事TheyappliedtoreturntoChina.3)適用Schoolregulationsapplytoeverystudent.校規(guī)適用于每位學(xué)生。Thisrulecannotapplytoeverycase.這條規(guī)則并不是在每種情況下都能適用的。applyoneself/sthtosth使致力(于)，使專心從事HeappliedhimselftolearningFrench.他致力于學(xué)習(xí)法語。專心于，致力于：BuryoneselfinAbsorboneselfinInvolveoneselfinloseoneselfincommitoneselftodevoteoneselftokeepone'smindonisnodoubtthatJohn'squickthinkingandthefirstaidskillshelearnedatschoolsavedMsSlade'slife.