高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)精編教學(xué)案選修8Unit1Alandofdiversity人教新課標(biāo)

1、選修八Unit 1 A land of diversity單元要點預(yù)覽詞匯部分詞語辨析1. means / way / method 2. percent / percentage 3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear 4. hire / employ / rent詞形變化1. elect vt.選舉，推舉；選擇vi. 進行選舉，作出選擇election n.選舉，推舉，當(dāng)選elective adj.可任意選擇的n.選修科目2.immigrate vi. 移入immigration n. 移民入境immigrant n.移民，僑民3. race n.賽跑

2、；競爭；人種 v. 參賽racial adj. 人種的，種族的racism n. 種族歧視，種族偏見；種族主義4. apparent adj. 顯然的，明白的，表面上的apparently adv. 顯然，表面上地5. punishment n. 罰，刑罰punish vt. 懲罰，處罰重點單詞1. majority n.大多數(shù)；大半2. applicant n. 申請人3. occur vi. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在4. indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明5. slip vi.滑動；滑行；滑跤n. 滑倒；小過失；失誤6. insert vt.插入，嵌入重點詞組1. live on 繼續(xù)生活或

3、存在2. make a life 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等3. keep up堅持；維持；沿襲古老的風(fēng)俗傳統(tǒng)等；使某人不能去睡覺4. team up with（與某人）一起工作（尤指為一共同目標(biāo)）；合作5.mark out 劃線標(biāo)出界線6.take in 包括；吸收；接納；欺騙7. a great/good many 相當(dāng)多，很多重點句子1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.2. Exactly when the first people arrived in wh

4、at we now know as California, no one really knows.重點語法名詞性從句（見語法部分）語言要點.詞語辨析 1. means / way / method【解釋】means “方法、方式、工具”，著重于具體的手段。（單復(fù)數(shù)相同）way “一般的方法、方式或個人的特殊方法方式”，與技巧或效果的好壞無關(guān)。method “有系統(tǒng)的、有效率的精心擬定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“條理”。短語搭配：做的方法：a way to do sth.a way of doing sth. / a method of doing sth.；用這種些方法：in this wa

5、y / with the method / by this means；用方法，借助：by means of. 無論如何：by all means；一點也不，決不(用于句首句子需倒裝) ：by no means；by the way順便問一下；on one s way to在去的路上；in the way 擋住路【練習(xí)】用means，way，method填空。1). These vegetables can be cooked in different _.2). Only in this _ can you find out the truth.3). By this _ I get in

6、touch with him.4). We express our thoughts by _ of words.5). _ _ _ shall I lend him money! 6). The methods of _ (teach) need _ (improve).Keys: 1). ways 2). way 3). means 4). means 5). By no means 6). teaching; improving / to be improved 2. percent / percentage【解釋】percent 表示“百分之”，相當(dāng)于“”，其前面往往是一個具體的數(shù)字。

7、percentage 表示“百分比；百分率”，前面不能是具體數(shù)字，只能被high，low等修飾?！揪毩?xí)】用percent，percentage填空。1). I am a hundred _ in agreement with you.2). This company only supply 30 _ of what we need.3). The numbers are small, in _ terms, but significant.4). There used to be a high _ of babies that diet scarlet fever every year.Key

8、s: 1). percent 2). percent 3). percentage 4). percentage what percentage3. obvious / apparent/ evident / clear【解釋】obvious意為“某東西具有顯著特點，不需費力就可覺察到，常用于一目了然的事物”。apparent意為“表面看起來很明顯，而實際情況未必如此”。evident意為“有證據(jù)作出合理判斷，考慮到各種事實、條件后而顯得明顯”。clear意為“不存在使人迷惑或使問題復(fù)雜化的因素”?！揪毩?xí)】用obvious，apparent，evident，clear填空。1). It was

9、 an _ mistake for him to have gone alone.2). The situation is _ to everyone.3). It was becoming increasingly _ that he disliked me.4). The applause made it _ that the play was a hit. Keys: 1). obvious 2). clear 3). apparent 4). evident 4. hire / employ / rent 【解釋】hire是日常用語，指按工作量或時間雇用人或租借東西，有“花錢使用某物”

10、和“把某物使用權(quán)出讓給別人以收取費用”之意；多指臨時租用某物。如：hire a boat，a car，a camera，a bicycle，an evening dress，a hall for a meeting等，指人時，有“雇用”、“受雇”兩種含義。employ較正式，多指商店或公司長期雇用人手；受雇人員較廣，甚至包括社會地位較高的職業(yè)人員，有“聘請”之義；也可以解釋為“忙于，從事”常用于be employed in sth. / doing sth. 短語中。注：要弄清 employ 幾個名詞的用法：employee (雇工，雇員)，employer (戶主，東家)，employmen

11、t (就業(yè)，雇用)。rent一般指租借房屋、地產(chǎn)(租借出去)；也有“花錢使用某物”和“把某物使用權(quán)出讓給別人以收取費用”之意；多指用于長時間的場合。如：rent a house，a flat，a TV等。rent還可作名詞，意為“租金；租費”?！揪毩?xí)】用hire，employ，rent填空。1). Our house has been _ by a newly-married couple.2). It s important to _ proper words in writing poem.3). They _ _ in writing when I came. 4). They _ ou

12、t boats by the hour. 5). We _ a driver to take us on a tour of the city.Keys: 1). rented 2). employ 3). were employed 4). hire 5). hired.詞性變化1. elect vt.選舉，推舉；選擇vi. 進行選舉，作出選擇election n.選舉，推舉，當(dāng)選elective adj.可任意選擇的n.選修科目2.immigrate vi. 移入immigration n. 移民入境immigrant n.移民，僑民3. race n.賽跑；競爭；人種 v. 參賽raci

13、al adj. 人種的，種族的racism n. 種族歧視，種族偏見；種族主義4. apparent adj. 顯然的，明白的，表面上的apparently adv. 顯然，表面上地5. punishment n. 罰，刑罰punish vt. 懲罰，處罰【練習(xí)】用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1). In America, presidential _ (elect) are held every four years. 2). They deserve to _ (punish) for putting passengers at risk. 3). She had to tidy the

14、 classroom as _ (punish) for being late. 4). She was the daughter of Chinese _ (immigrate) to America. 5). There was a sudden increase _ (immigrate) in from Eastern Europe. 6). He is a victim of _ (race) discrimination. 7). She turned to face him, her anger _ (apparent) gone. 8). Their motives, as w

15、ill soon become _ (apparently), are completely selfish. Keys: 1). elections 2). be punished 3). punishment 4). immigrants5). immigration 6). racial 7). apparently 8). apparent .重點詞匯1. majority n.大多數(shù)；大半 major adj.&n. 較大的，主要的；主修，專攻(反義詞minority少數(shù)；少數(shù)民族) 典例1). A / The majority of doctors agree that s

16、moking is extremely harmful to health. 大多數(shù)醫(yī)生認(rèn)為吸煙對健康極為有害。2).The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多數(shù)人贊成這個建議。重點用法be in the/a majority 構(gòu)成大部分/大多數(shù) a majority over sb 超過對方的票數(shù)練習(xí) 按要求填空或翻譯。1). English speakers form the _ (大多數(shù)) of the population.2). Among the members of the committee those who favo

17、ur the proposed changes are _ (介詞) the majority.3). They had a large majority _ (介詞) the other party at the last election. 4). The majority of people _ (prefer) peace to war.5). The majority of the damage _ (be) easy to repair.Keys: 1). majority 2). in 3). over 4). prefer / prefers 5). is2. applican

18、t n.申請人 application n.申請(書)；應(yīng)用；用途 apply v. 申請；運用，適用典例1). We had 250 applicants for the job. 有250人申請這份工作。2).As the wages were low, there were few applicants for the job. 因為工資低, 沒有什麼人申請這份工作。重點用法apply for. 申請 apply to. 適用fill in the application form for sth. 填寫申請表練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。1). Successful

19、_ (apply) will receive notification within the week. 2). This rule can t be applied _ (介詞) every case.3). You should _ _(申請) the job immediately, in person or by letter. 4). The question in the second half of the form _ _ (適用) married men only.Keys: 1). applicants 2). to 3). apply for 4). apply to3.

20、 occur vi. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在典例1). The tragedy occurred only minutes after take-off. 這一悲劇在起飛后幾分鐘內(nèi)就發(fā)生了。2). Didn t it occur to you that he might be late? 你當(dāng)時沒有想到他可能會遲到嗎?重點用法occur to. (主意) 浮現(xiàn)于腦海中；被想到；被想起；（某人）想到練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的意思填空或翻譯。1). The possibility that she might be wrong never even _ _ her.2). A good idea _ _ him.

21、3). _ (他從沒想到) he might be falling in love with her. Keys: 1). occurred to 2). occurred to 3). It had never occurred to him that4. indicate vt. 指出；標(biāo)示；表明indication n. 指出；表明indicative adj.指示的；暗示的典例1). I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 我問他握姐姐在哪，他指指對面的商店。2). Research ind

22、icates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 研究表明男人感到比女人更容易戒煙。重點用法 indicate sth (to sb) 指示；指出；標(biāo)示indicate that/wh-表示；示意練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的意思，在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。 1). The government has _ (表明) that it intends to cut taxes.2). A flashing red light _ (標(biāo)示) that a stretch of road was undergoing repairs.3). T

23、here is every _ (indicate) of a change in the weather.Keys: 1). indicated2). indicated3). indication5. slip vi. 滑動；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑倒；小過失；失誤 slippery adj. 滑溜的 典例1). My foot slipped and I nearly fell. 我的腳一滑，差點跌到。2). She slipped into the room when no one was looking. 她趁無人注意的時候溜進了房間。重點用法let slip. 錯過；無意中說出 let

24、 sth. slip through your fingers錯過(機會)，失去(機會)a slip of the tongue 口誤練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或翻譯。1). She _ _ (無意中說出) that she was intending to leave the company.2). As the years _ by, I thought more and more about him. 3). Drive very carefully; the roads are wet and _ (slip). Keys: 1). let slip 2). slippe

25、d 3). slippery 6. insert vt.插入，嵌入典例He inserted a key into a lock. 他把鑰匙插進鎖中。重點用法insert sth (in/into/between sth) 插入、放入、置入或嵌於某物或某兩物間練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1). She inserted an additional paragraph _ an essay.2). Insert your fingers _ the layers and press them apart. Keys: 1). in 2). between .重點詞組1. live

26、 on 繼續(xù)生活或存在 典例She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死后她繼續(xù)活了多年。短語歸納 live短語：live on sth 以某物為食；靠某種經(jīng)濟來源生活live by doing sth 靠做某事物為生live for sth 以某事物為生活目標(biāo)live through sth 經(jīng)歷某事物而幸存live together 在一起生活；同居live up to sth 依照某事物行事；表現(xiàn)出符合某事物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)live with sth 接受或容忍某現(xiàn)象 live to be. = live to the age of

27、. 活到歲live a. life 過著的生活練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)膌ive短語。1). The lonely old man _ _ charity. 2). Mozart is dead but his music _ _. 3). My grandfather _ _ both world wars. 4). We should work hard and try to _ _ _ our parents expectations.5). The brave girl is learning to _ _ her disability.Keys: 1). live on

28、2). lives on 3). lived through 4). live up to 5). live with 2. make a life 習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等典例They settled down in Canada and made a life for themselves. 他們在加拿大定居下來，習(xí)慣新的生活方式。短語歸納 life短語：bring sb/sth (back) to life 給某人/事物的活力；使復(fù)活lay down one s life (for sb/sth) 為獻身；犧牲生命lead a dog s life 過狗一般的生活（長期憂慮、痛苦或悲傷

29、）make one s way in life 在生活中有所成就take one s (own) life: commit suicide 自殺put an end to one s life: kill oneself 自殺take sb s life: kill sb 取某人性命a/sb s way of life（某人的或某些人的）生活方式a walk of life 行業(yè)；職業(yè)；階層to the life 逼真 end one s days/life (in sth)（處於某狀況下或在某處）度過余生練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的意思在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或翻譯。1). He laid down hi

30、s life _ the cause of freedom. 2). They interview people from _ _ _ _ (各行各業(yè)的人). 3). She adapted easily to the French _ _ _ (生活方式). Keys: 1). for 2). all walks of life 3). way of life 3. keep up堅持；維持；沿襲古老的風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等；使某人不能去睡覺典例1). You re all doing a splendid job; keep up the good work! 你們干得都很出色, 要堅持下去!2).

31、 I do hope we re not keeping you up. 我希望我們沒有耽誤你睡覺。短語歸納 keep短語：keep up with sb/sth. 跟上（某人/某事物）；（與某人/某事物）同步前進或保持聯(lián)系；跟上（形勢）keep (on) doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事物；重復(fù)做某事物keep away from（使某人/事物）不靠近某人/事物 keep sb back from sb/sth（使某人）與某人/事物保持距離keep sth. back 阻止某事物keep oneself/sb from sth/doing sth 使自己/某人不能做某事物keep sth f

32、rom sb 不將某事告訴某人keep off (sb/sth) 不接近或不接觸某人/事物keep sb/sth out (of sth) 不讓某人/物進入（某處）keep in touch with保持與某人的聯(lián)系keep fit 保持健康練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。 1). The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices _ (副詞). 2). She likes to keep up _ (介詞) the latest fashions. 3). The house is becoming too expensive for

33、 them to _ _ (維修). 4). We should try to _ _(沿襲) our old customs.5). Police warned bystanders to _ _(不靠近) the blazing building.6). I think we ought to _ _ _ _ (不把實情告訴他) until he s better.Keys: 1). up 2). with 3). keep up 4). keep up 5). keep away from 6). keep the truth from him 4.team up with（與某人）一起

34、工作（尤指為一共同目標(biāo)）；合作典例The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. 那兩個公司已合作研制新型賽車。練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。He _ _ _ (與某人一起工作) his brother in the doubles.Keys: teamed up with5. mark out 劃線標(biāo)出界線典例Please mark out the sentences that you don t understand with a red pen. 請用紅筆標(biāo)出你不懂的句子。重點用法be marked

35、with. 標(biāo)記著練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的要求在括號里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。1). I ve lost a case _ _ (標(biāo)記著) “IX” on its back.2). She carefully _ _ (劃線標(biāo)出) the important phrases and sentence patterns.Keys: 1). marked with 2).marked out 6.take in 包括；吸收；接納；欺騙典例1). The students find it easy to take in what you teach. 學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)你的課很好懂。2).He had nowhere to s

36、leep so we offered to take him in. 他沒地方可以睡，我們于是就提出讓他留宿。短語歸納 take 短語：take apart拆開；剖析，抨擊(論點等) take down拿下，取下；拆卸；記下take back取回，帶回；收回說過的話；使回憶起昔日 take care of 照料，保管take up開始從事；占用(時間或空間)；著手處理 take medicine服藥take it easy別緊張，慢慢來 take over繼承，接收，接管take off脫下(衣服等)；起飛 take on承擔(dān)，從事；呈現(xiàn)take one s place入座；代替某人的位置 t

37、ake one s time不急，慢慢干 練習(xí) 用與take相關(guān)的短語填空。1). Don t be _ _ by his promises.2). Who do you think will _ _ now that the governor has been dismissed? 3). These boxes of yours are _ _ too much space. 4). 1 was really _ _ when seeing old photos. 5). Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now _ _ _.The opera is soo

38、n to begin.6). Tom carefully _ _what the teacher saidKeys: 1). taken in 2). take over3). taking up 4). taken back 5). take your place 6). took down7. a great/good many 相當(dāng)多，很多典例It all happened a good many years ago. 這發(fā)生在很多年前。重點用法a great/good manya large number ofscores ofdozens ofmany/few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)many

39、 a 修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)a good/great deal ofa large/great amount of large amounts of much / little / a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞a lot of = lots ofplenty ofa large/great quantity of = quantities ofa supply of = supplies of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的要求翻譯。1). I ve known her for _ _ _ (很多) years.2). I imagine if one day I had _ _ _ _

40、(很多) money, I would go traveling round the world.Keys: 1). a great/good many 2). a good/great deal of 或a large/great amount of .重點句子 1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加利福尼亞是美國第三大洲，但有著最多的人口。解釋 形容詞的最高級前面可以被序數(shù)詞以及by far，much，almost，nearly，not quite等詞修飾。練

41、習(xí) 翻譯句子。1). 黃河是中國第二長河。 _2). 亞洲是世界上最大的洲。 _Keys: 1). The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.2). Asia is by far the largest continent in the world.2. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 沒有人知道確切在什么時候第一批移民者到達我們今天所稱為加利福尼亞的地方。解釋 what w

42、e now know as California是一個由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，做arrive in的賓語, what是復(fù)合關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于the thing(s)that，因此，在名詞性從句中可以用the thing(s)that取代的，應(yīng)該用what。注意1：名詞性從句中what與that的區(qū)別：that在名詞性從句中不起句子成分的作用，what必須起句子成分的作用。注意2：名詞性從句中what與which的區(qū)別：指代前文已經(jīng)提到過的對象或范圍時，用which，否則用what。What he said sounds reasonable. (what作said的賓語)That our t

43、eam has won the game has been proved. (That在主語從句中不起句子成分的作用)There are many books available. I don t know which to read. (which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本)What book do you want to buy ? (前文沒有提及買什么書或哪一類書)練習(xí) 根據(jù)句子的意思填詞。1). This is_ he wanted.2). This is the thing _ he wanted.3). She is no longer _ she used to be.

44、4). She is no longer the person _ she used to be.Keys: 1). what 2). that 3). what 4). that課文要點.課文詞匯等填空根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法：California is the _1_(three)largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It has _2_ (attraction) people from all over the world. No one really knows when the f

45、irst people arrived in _3_ we now know as California. Now there are more Native Americans _4_ in California than in any other state. California _5_(統(tǒng)治) by Spain and there is still a strong Spanish _6_（影響） in the state. People began _7_（settle） in California when gold _8_(發(fā)現(xiàn))there. But people from Af

46、rica have been living there. It is believed that before long the mix of _9_（國籍） will be so great that there will be no major racial of cultural groups, but simply a _10_（mix） of many culture答案： 1.third 2.attracted 3.what 4.living 5.was ruled 6.influence 7.settling 8.was discovered 9. nationalities 1

47、0. mixture.課文大意概括 閱讀課文，試著用30來個單詞概括課文大意或翻譯下面短文。整篇文章分別介紹了美洲土著人，西班牙人，俄羅斯人，金礦工人，后來移民與未來移民及解釋為什么加州是一個多民族，多文化的地方。 The whole passage introduced _答案：The whole passage introduced the native Americans, the Spanish, Russians, gold miners, later arrivals and future immigrants and explain why California is a mul

48、ti-ethnic, and multi-cultural place.課文佳句背誦與仿寫1.【原句】Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具體是在什么時候來到我們現(xiàn)在了解的加利福尼來地區(qū)的，誰也說不清楚。模仿要點 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：狀語從句 + what從句，+ 主句 【模仿1】當(dāng)我們把它和我們稱之為 “大哥大”相比，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)新的移動電話攜帶輕便，小巧，價格便宜。_答案： When we compared it to what we call

49、ed “Da Ge Da”, we found new mobile phones are light and small to carry with a low price.【模仿2】當(dāng)我們到達人們稱之為小鳥天堂的地方時，我們興奮地發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)千種鳥類定居在那。_答案： When we arrived at what people call Bird Paradise, we were excited to find thousands of kinds of birds are settling there. 2【原句】Although Chinese immigrants began to a

50、rrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in 1860s. 雖然中國移民在淘金熱時期就開始來到（美國），但是更大批量的中國移民卻是在19世紀(jì)60年代為了修建貫穿美國東西海岸的鐵路而來的。模仿要點 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：讓步狀語從句+強調(diào)句 【模仿1】雖然他妹妹和他沒有血緣關(guān)系，但是洪戰(zhàn)輝他自己堅持背她上大學(xué)，這件事感動了整個中國。_答案：Although his young sister has no blood relationship with him, it is Hong Zhan Hui himself that insists on carrying her on his back to college, which moves the whole China. 【模仿2】雖然我的日常生活十分單調(diào)，但是我的努力使我適應(yīng)新的校園生活。_答案：Al