初二年級上學(xué)期（8A）

1、初二年級上學(xué)期（8A）Unit 1-3重 點(diǎn) 詞 組as slim as 和一樣苗條be ready to help people 樂于助人travel around the world 周游世界have poor eyesight 視力差make him look smart 使他看起來神氣feel bored 感到無聊a true friend 一個忠實的朋友tell funny jokes 講笑話knock over 撞翻think of my good friend 想起我的好朋友say a bad word about sb.說的壞話one of the nicest boys最好的

2、男孩之一give me some advice給我一些建議bright, smiling eyes 明亮笑瞇瞇的眼睛wear a smile on ones face 面帶微笑a mixed school 一所男女混合的學(xué)校how to cook and sew 如何煮飯縫紉healthy and tasty meals 健康美味的飯bring in books and magazines帶來書和雜志feel sick 感到暈車/ 不舒服give seats to people in need 給有需要的人讓座as well 也have driving lessons 上駕駛課during l

3、unchtime在午餐時間spend a lot of time practicing 花許多時間練習(xí)the same as 和一樣What if it rains? 如果下雨怎么辦different from 不同的my ideal school 我理想中的學(xué)校wear school uniform 穿校服need to exercise 需要鍛煉enjoy oneself過得愉快at the beginning 在開始的時候get on a coach 上長途汽車arrive at the world park 到達(dá)世界公園be made of metal 由金屬制成get off qui

4、ckly 很快下車places of interest 名勝all over the world 遍布全世界an amazing day 令人驚訝的一天the song and dance parade 歌舞游行g(shù)o and see for oneself親自去看看take place 發(fā)生cheer for our team 為我們隊歡呼50 yuan per person 每人五十元as soon as possible 盡可能快straight, shoulder-length hair 齊肩長的直發(fā)have a good sense of humour 很有幽默感half an hou

5、r of homework 半小時的回家作業(yè)help me with my homework 在作業(yè)方面提供幫助go on a school trip to museum 學(xué)校旅行去博物館have a great time talking to each other 互相交談十分愉快teach oneself how to make a home page 自學(xué)如何制作主頁have lots of time for after school activities 有許多時間進(jìn)行課外活動a big library with lots of useful books 一個有許多有用書籍的圖書館in

6、vite me to join in their school trip 邀請我參加他們的學(xué)校旅行be willing to share things with her friends 愿意與她的朋友分享東西語 法 精 解1. There is nothing else in the fridge. 冰箱里沒有什么別的東西了。else的意思是“別的”，“另外的”，用于修飾特殊疑問詞或不定代詞，并且常放在被修飾詞的后面。如：What else shall we do to help the sick boy? Is there any thing else you want to tell me

7、?I am too busy now. Someone else will help you to solve the problem.2. What about the pizza in you bowl? 你碗里的比薩餅怎么樣？What about + sth./dong sth. (用于表示建議)。如：What about sharing the cake with your cousin? What about the dress with colourful patterns?3. Do you believe what he/she says? 你相信他/她說的話嗎？what he

8、/she says在這里是believe 的賓語從句。賓語從句有三種情況：(a) 陳述句：用that連接，如：We know (that) he lied to us.(b) 一般疑問句：用if/whether連接，如； Please tell me if they won the game.(c) 特殊疑問句：用特殊疑問詞連接，如：Do you know when we shall have the meeting? Can you teach me how to make a poster?4. We have been best friends for a long time. 我們是好

9、朋友已經(jīng)很久了。Have/has done（過去分詞）是現(xiàn)在完成時的基本形式，用法如下：(a) 表示動作或狀況發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在以前的某個未經(jīng)指出的過去時間內(nèi)，目前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，給現(xiàn)在留下了結(jié)果或造成了影響。He has closed the window. (The window is closed.)She has learned to cook. (Now she is able to cook.)(b) 可用來表示動作或狀況發(fā)生在以前的某個未經(jīng)指出的過去時間內(nèi)，但這個動作或狀況直到如今尚未完成或結(jié)束，它還可能繼續(xù)下去，也可能停止。The old man has lived here sinc

10、e he was a child.She has practiced playing piano for an hour.5. She is willing to share things with her friends. 她愿意和她的朋友分享東西。(1) share something with somebody的意思是“與分享”。如：The two girls often share their secrets.(2) be willing to do something. / be ready to do something意為“愿意做/準(zhǔn)備好做”。Are you willing to

11、 be the monitor of our class?The girl isnt willing to do any extra work. She is selfish.I am ready to leave now.6. She helps me with my homework and she always gives seats to people in need on the bus.她幫助我做家庭作業(yè)，而且她在公交車上總是給有需要的人讓座。help somebody with something的意思是“在方面幫助某人”。如：Tom often helps his deskma

12、te with Maths.in need是介詞短語后置作定語。如：They held a charity show to raise money for people in need.7. He always makes me laugh. 它總是使我大笑。make somebody do something的意思是“使某人干某事”。如：His words made me realize that I made a mistake.The round glasses make Max look smart.8. I thought of my good friend May when I r

13、ead your advertisement. 當(dāng)看了你的廣告后，我想起了我的好朋友梅。think of 想起, 記起, 考慮；think about思考, 考慮；think over仔細(xì)考慮。如：They think of a wonderful idea.We are thinking about when to go to Paris.Think it over; you can solve this problem very soon.9. 形容詞形容詞(Adjective)是用來描寫或修飾名詞或代詞，說明人或事物的歸屬性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、大小或數(shù)量的詞。1）形容詞在句中的作用：A做定語, 常

14、放在名詞前。如：They are comfortable trainers.I heard the terrible noise last night.B表語, 常放在系動詞之后。如：I was alone in the house. The news sounds exciting.2)A形容詞的原級: 形容詞的原級形式與形容詞本身形式相同,用來描述人余人、事與事之間在某方面的相同或不同。 as+adj.+as的意思是“和一樣”；not as/so+adj.+as 是它的否定形式, 意思是“不如”。 He is as clever as his father. 他和他的父親一樣聰明。 You

15、 are not as active as your sister. 你不如你的妹妹活躍。 B形容詞的比較級和最高級:大多數(shù)形容詞的比較級和最高級采用在詞尾加-er和-est的形式，或在單詞前加more和most構(gòu)成的，形容詞最高級前要加the。具體變化見下表:單音節(jié)單詞單詞形式構(gòu)成方式原級比較級最高級一般形式詞尾加-er和-estcleanstrongcleanerstrongercleaneststrongest以-e結(jié)尾的詞詞尾加-r和-stwidebravewiderbraverwildestbravest閉音節(jié)雙寫最后一個輔音字母,加-er和-estthinslimhotthinne

16、rslimmerhotterthinnestslimmesthottest部分雙音節(jié)單詞以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i, 再加-er和-estheavyangryheavierangrierheaviestangriest以-er結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-er和-estclevercleverercleverest以-ow結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-er和-estnarrowshallownarrowershallowernarrowestshallowest以-le結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加-r和-establesimpleablersimplerablestsimplest大部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)單詞在單詞前加more和

17、mostdifficultcarefulmore difficultmore carefulmost difficultmost careful3）形容詞比較級的用法: 用于描述兩種事物或人的比較This storybook is cheaper than that fashion magazine.He is much taller than his best friend.形容詞最高級的用法: 表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比較 the+最高級+比較范圍 She is the most beautiful girl in the model team.This is the best fil

18、m that I have ever seen.10. I like learning how to cook and sew. 我喜歡學(xué)習(xí)怎樣做飯和怎樣做縫紉。有些動詞之后可以接疑問詞how, what, when, where, which, who再加動詞不定式(why沒有這種用法)。這類動詞常用的有ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show sb., think, understand, want to know, wonder。如:The young man knows how t

19、o look after his grandfather.I was shown how to solve the puzzle.We cant decide where to have a picnic.I wonder when to visit the house to the elderly.11. Reading week is always too short because we want to read all our friends books as well. 閱讀周總是太短。因為我們也想要讀我們所有朋友的書。 as well 相當(dāng)于too，是副詞短語，一般放在句末。如：S

20、andy is able to dance. She is able to sing as well. Simon is an actor and a director as well.12. I meet my fiends and we always have a great time talking to each other. 我和朋友們相聚聊天，過得很愉快。 have a great time = enjoy oneself=have fun “過的愉快,玩得開心” Last month we had a school trip and we had a great time hik

21、ing in the hills.13. It means someone (who/whom)you admire very much. 意思是某個你很崇拜的人。 You admire very much 是定語從句。someone 是先行詞，關(guān)系代詞who/whom 在從句中作admire的賓語，所以可以被省略了。14兩者之間的比較和兩者以上的比較:1) more 是many 和much 的比較級，可以與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用，如：morethanHe knows more skills than other workers.The adviser offered us more a

22、dvice than he had done before.2) most 是many 和much 的最高級: most最多的She has the most stamps in her class. We spend the most time on Maths.3) few 的比較級是fewer 最高級是fewest，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞My friend has fewer football stickers than me. Tom has the fewest oranges of the three.4) little 的比較級是less最高級是least, 用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞We t

23、ry to spend less money than the other team. The bottle with the least water is Kittys.15like 和alike1) like 表示 “像”,可以作介詞,也可以作連詞。它的位置往往在句子的中間,在名詞或名詞性從句之前。如：This coat is like that one. You are like a teacher.The man in the picture looks like Mr. Wang. You should do it like what you said.2) alike 是形容詞，一

24、般只作表語，用于系動詞之后The two songs sound alike. My boots and Sandys are alike.還可以作副詞，如：Teachers must treat all the students alike.Great minds think alike. 英雄所見略同。16The number of 和a number ofthe number of (的數(shù)量)作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)；a number of (大量)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The number of the cranes is becoming less. 鶴的數(shù)量在減少。A nu

25、mber of monkeys are jumping happily. 許多猴子高興地跳著。17She has to stay in the hospital for a month. 她不得不住院一個月。have to 和must 都表示必須，have to 往往是客觀外界情況造成 “不得不”，must 表示說話人主觀上認(rèn)為 “應(yīng)該” “有必要”。如：It is late now. We have to leave, or well be late.I must finish my task this afternoon.18. Kittys teacher Mr. Wu invited

26、me to join in their school trip. Kitty的老師吳老師邀請我參加他們的學(xué)校旅行。 1) invite somebody. to do something. 的意思是“邀請某人做某事”；invite somebody. to something的意思是“邀請某人”。 The artist invited us to visit the gallery. He was invited to dinner by the headmaster. 2)join作及物動詞，是 “參加”一群人的活動，或 “加入”某個組織成為其中一員。 join in something.

27、/ join somebody. in something.的意思是“參加某一活動”。如:Harry joined his friends last weekend./ He joined the League in 2004.Hell join us in the painting.19. The trip from Kittys school took about two hours by coach. 從Kitty的學(xué)校出發(fā)的行程乘長途車花了大約2小時。 1) take 表示 “花費(fèi), 消耗”,此時主語一般是物。常用于 “It +takes/took/will take somebody

28、 to do something.”中。如：The long journey took us half a year. It took us half a year to take the long journey. 2) 乘坐交通工具用by+交通工具。如:by coach / car / bus / tram / boat / ship (sea) / train / plane (air)20. It is made of metal and really tall. 它由金屬制成，而且真的很高。 1) be made of 由制成, 所制成的產(chǎn)品能看出原材料。 The shoes are

29、 made of leather. The tie is made of silk. 2) be made from由制成, 所制成的產(chǎn)品看不出原材料。 The beer is made of wheat.The paper with good quality is made of bamboo.21. There are over a hundred places of interest from all over the world. 有來自全世界的超過一百個名勝。 1）places of interest 的意思為“名勝”。如：Tiger Hill is one of the place

30、s of interest in Suzhou. 2）over= more than的意思是“超過”。如：There are more than fifty students in our class.22. Daniel taught himself how to make a home page. 丹尼爾自學(xué)如何做主頁。1) teach oneself to do something. /how to do something.的意思是“自學(xué)(如何)作某事”，而teach oneself somehting的意思是“自學(xué)”。如： She can sing well, but she tau

31、ght herself. Though his father is old, he is teaching himself how to use computers. 2）how to make a home page 是疑問詞+不定式, 在句中作賓語。如： Can you tell me how to get to the post office? She knows where to buy this CD. They have to decide when to start charity walk.23. 并列連詞: and, but, or的用法1) and 用來連接語法作用相同的詞

32、，表示 “和”。如：He can speak Chinese and French. (表并列, 連接兩個名詞)They shook hands and began to talk at once. (表順序, 連接兩個短語)His mother cleans the house and he plays the piano. (連接兩個句子)2）but 表示轉(zhuǎn)折,意思 “但是, 然而, 卻”,可用來連接有對立或?qū)φ招缘脑~短語和句子。如：He is energetic but strange.They have three envelopes but on stamps.He works ha

33、rd every day, but it seems to have no improvement.3）or 意思是 “或者, 還是” 表示二者選擇其一。如：Is it green or blue?Simon or Daniel can work it out. You can stay at home or go out for a trip.注意：or連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由or后面的主語決定，即 “就近原則”。Either you or she went to the park yesterday.You or I am right.24. 反身代詞反身代詞:是表示 “自己;

34、本身; 親自”的意思的詞。反身代詞表示動作發(fā)出者將動作反射到自己身上，即句子的主語和賓語指的是同一對象。其基本形式：第一人稱: myself, ourselves第二人稱: yourself, yourselves第三人稱: himself, herself, itself; themselves如：My aunt is teaching herself a new language.The little girl is old enough to take care of herself.We enjoyed ourselves in the cinema.If you are not ca

35、reful, its easy to hurt yourself. ( 作賓語, 表示自己)I can finish it myself. (親自, 本人)My mother worried not about herself, but me. (作介詞的補(bǔ)充成分)Unit 4-6重 點(diǎn) 詞 組10 days old 十天大look like a little mouse 看起來像小老鼠weigh 100 grams 重100克start to go outside 開始外出for the first time 第一次up to 14 hours a day 一天長達(dá)十四小時kill it f

36、or its fur 為了皮毛而屠殺它c(diǎn)ut down forests 砍伐森林have nowhere to live 沒有居住的地方on ones own 獨(dú)自的，獨(dú)立的be in danger 處于危險中stay alive 活著hunt for food 捕食a terrible snowstorm可怕的暴風(fēng)雪live as a family 以家庭形式居住live in family groups 群居lose ones lives 失去生命c(diǎn)ontinue to build road 繼續(xù)建路at a time 一次keep taking the land 不斷地占據(jù)土地go bi

37、rdwatching 觀鳥white and grey feathers 灰白相間的羽毛northern countries 北方國家broad wings 寬的翅膀all year round 終年for a short stay 短期停留an important living area 重要的居住區(qū)域less and less space 越來越少的空間the Chinese Government中國政府do a bird count 數(shù)鳥frighten the birds 嚇唬鳥類prevent flood 預(yù)防洪水watch the birds closely 仔細(xì)地觀察鳥類drop

38、 litter carelessly 隨意扔垃圾talk softly 輕聲地交談sing nicely 動聽地歌唱lose the game 輸了比賽several accidents 幾起事故kill thousands of people殺死數(shù)以千計的人crash into a tree 撞到一棵樹wash the village away 沖走村莊fall from a tree 從樹上摔下來look at each other in fear驚恐地互相看著attack people 襲擊人run in all directions 四處奔去run wildly 瘋狂地逃竄fall d

39、own 掉下來come down 倒下來calm down 冷靜下來be trapped 被困住say to myself 心里想a moment of fear 片刻的恐懼shout for help 呼救a packet of chocolate 一袋巧克力hear excited shouts 聽見激動的喊叫聲see the bright daylight 看見明亮的日光move away the bricks 搬開磚塊walk through a rainforest 穿過熱帶雨林make excuses 找借口bombs below the ground 像地下的炸彈an earth

40、quake in Taiwan臺灣的一次地震mop it up/ mop up the floor 拖地be in a great hurry to do something. 十分匆忙地做write to newspapers and magazines 寫信給報紙雜志a nature reserve in north-east China 在中國東北的自然保護(hù)區(qū)one of the worlds most important wetlands 世界上最重要的濕地之一provide food and shelter for them 為他們提供食物和棲息地make more space fo

41、r farms and buildings 為農(nóng)場和建筑物騰出空間protect these endangered birds 保護(hù)這些瀕危鳥類study the different kinds of birds 研究不同種類的鳥the changes in their numbers 他們數(shù)量方面的變化understand the importance of wetlands 明白濕地的重要性tell us not to make any noise 叫我們不要發(fā)出噪音feel a slight shaking through my body 感覺一陣輕微的震動通過全身hear a big

42、noise like thunder 聽到象雷聲的巨大噪音The temperature will drop a little. 溫度會稍有下降.The temperature will drop to -5 溫度會降到零下五度take actions to protect giant pandas 采取行動保護(hù)大熊貓make giant panda reserves bigger 擴(kuò)大大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)good eyesight, hearing and smell 好的視力，聽力和嗅覺grow into a healthy young giant panda 長成一頭健康的年輕的大熊貓encou

43、rage farmers to leave the giant panda reserves 鼓勵農(nóng)民離開保護(hù)區(qū)語 法 精 講1. I first saw the baby panda when she was only 10 days old. 我第一次看到她時，她只有十天大。 1) 10 days old的意思是“十天大”。數(shù)詞+ days/months/years + old的意思為“幾天/幾個月/幾歲大”。如：The baby is nine months old, and she is able to talk.He graduated from the university whe

44、n he was twenty five years old. 2) a 10-day old giant panda 數(shù)詞-day/month/year-old+ 被修飾的名詞Cathy is a fourteen-year old girl who loves painting.The eighty-year-old man is a great scientist.2. At four months, she weighed about 10 kilograms and started to go outside her home for the first time.四個月大時，她重十

45、公斤，并且第一次開始出門。 1) weigh v. 稱重 weight n. 重量 The cat weighs about 2 kilos.= The weight of the cat is about 2 kilos. 2) start to do something., start dong something, begin to do something., begin doing something的意思均為“開始做”。如： She started/began to learn how to drive at the age of thirty. She started/began

46、 learning how to drive at the age of thirty. 3) for the first time 第一次 for the second/third/ fourth/fifthtime3. At the very beginning, Xi Wang drank her mothers milk for up to 14 hours a day. 一開始，希望每天喝母乳長達(dá)14個小時。1)at the very beginning在一開始的時候，at the beginning of 在開始的時候， 如：We dont know each other at t

47、he beginning of the first term.2) in the middle of 在的中間的時候 In the middle of last month we had a picnic.3) at the end of 在結(jié)束的時候 They got married at the end of last year and moved out of the flat.4) up to 意為“直到” She used to work up to twelve hours a day.4. Sadly, it is difficult for giant pandas to su

48、rvive in the wild. 可惜的是, 大熊貓很難在野外存活下來。 1) It is +形容詞+ for somebody+ to do something。it 代替不定式作句子的主語。如： It is necessary for use to learn something about the world around us. It is impossible for you to get success without working hard. 能夠接for somebody. 的形容詞是對不定式中的動作進(jìn)行評價的, 如: hard, difficult, easy, imp

49、ortant , unimportant, interesting, boring, necessary, possible, impossible等。 2) It is +形容詞 + of somebody +to do something 如： It is generous of him to pay for the meal for us. It was careless of the girl to leave her bag on the bus. 能夠接of somebody 的形容詞是用于描述人的性格特征的, 如: good, nice kind, clever, smart,

50、bright, wise, silly, foolish, stupid, selfish, generous, careful, careless, thoughtful, right, wrong, honest, dishonest, typical等。5. Mothers often leave baby pandas for two whole days on their own. 大熊貓經(jīng)常把自己的孩子單獨(dú)留下兩整天。 on ones own = by oneself = alone，其意思為“獨(dú)立的；獨(dú)自的”。如： The old man is very lonely becau

51、se he lives on his own. You should work out the problem by yourself. Man cannot live alone on an island.6. If people find baby pandas alone, they will often take them away. 如果人們發(fā)現(xiàn)熊貓崽單獨(dú)待著,他們通常會把它們帶走。 1)“ find somebody / something + 形容詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如： He found the sentence wrong. I found it interest

52、ing to read the comics. 2) take them away 把他們帶走。代詞it/them必須放在兩詞之間，類似的短語有：take it/them off(脫)，put it/them on(穿), think it/ them over(考慮)，look it/ them up(查字典)等等。7. If the giant pandas are in danger, what can we do? 如果大熊貓?zhí)幱谖ｋU中，我們能做些什么？ 1)in danger的意思為“在危險中”；be dangerous的意思為“對別人或物造成危險”。如： The number of

53、 tigers is getting smaller do they are in danger. Tigers are dangerous because when they are hungry the attack people. 2) 類似用法的短語有: in trouble, in need。如： Their house caught a fire and they were in trouble. / We should help those who are in need.8. encourage farmer to leave the giant panda reserves

54、鼓勵農(nóng)民離開熊貓保護(hù)區(qū) encourage somebody to do something的意思為“鼓勵某人做某事”。如： My parents encourage me to be an inventor. My best friend encourages me to take up the hard job.9. I will see some beautiful birds if I walk through a rain forest. 如果我走過雨林的話，我會看見一些美麗的鳥兒。 through 意為“穿過,通過”，著重從空間穿過；across也為“穿過”，但指從平面的一端到另一端或十字交叉。如：The train is running through the tunnel. When you see the bank, walk across the road. The post office is right there.10. If I dont buy them someone else will buy them. 如果我不買，其他人也會買的。 else 可以作形容詞或