被動語態(tài)知識點講解更全面思路清晰

1、被動語態(tài)一、 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的概念：語態(tài) - 說明主語和謂語之間的關系英語動詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的承受者(常常沒在有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者情況下使用) 例：They speak English. （主動語態(tài)） 主 謂 賓English is spoken by them. （被動語態(tài)） 主語 謂語 介詞短語注：及物動詞有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞必須帶有介詞才可以有被動語態(tài)。 例：We listen to the teacher carefully in class.主 謂 賓The teacher is listened to by us ca

2、refully in class. 主語謂語介詞短語e laughed at him . He was laughed at by us.二、 被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構與應用情況：1 基本結(jié)構：肯定句式：be +done (及物動詞的過去分詞) 如果是不及物動詞 + 相應的介詞或副詞否定句式：be +not +done疑問句式：be動詞（情態(tài)動詞）放句首 被動語態(tài)中的be為助動詞，無意義。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。注：被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是由be的時態(tài)決定的，be是什么時態(tài)，全句就是什么時態(tài)，be后面的過去分詞不變。 Eg: 、 he song is liked

3、 by young people. (肯定句)、 he song isnt liked by young people（否定句）、 Is the song liked by young people ?（一般疑問句）、 Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?（特殊疑問句）2 各種時態(tài)的構成（動詞以do為例）：時 態(tài) 動詞的被動形式 例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is /are done He is asked to do this.一般過去時was/were done The story was told by her mother.一

4、般將來時will /shall be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow.Is/are going to過去將來時should/would be done He said the trees would be planted soon.Was/were are going to現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are being done The novel is being written.過去進行時was/were being done At that time the desk was being made.現(xiàn)在完成時has/have been d

5、one The house has been built.過去完成時had been done They said that their work had been finished.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):情態(tài)動詞+be+ done Your homework must be handed in today.其它幾種特殊句型：It is said that .         It is well known that .       It is reported that 例：Hi

6、story is made by the people. (一般現(xiàn)在時)The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般過去時)The tree will be cut down next year.(一般將來時)The room must be kept clean.（含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)）The door is being opened.（現(xiàn)在進行時）The film has been seen by me.（現(xiàn)在完成時） 注：不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的差異主要體現(xiàn)在助動詞be的變化上,同時助動詞be還要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。 （三）應用情況l 行為的

7、執(zhí)行者不明確或不必說出來。Eg: A stranger was killed last night.l 用于強調(diào)動作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者。Eg: The story is told everywhere in the city.三、 主動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)的方法：方法分為三步：把原主動句中的賓語改成主語 （如果是人稱代詞同時應把賓格改為主格）謂語動詞改為被動形式be done(時態(tài)不變，人稱和數(shù)必須和新主語一致)把原主動句的主語，如果需要的話放在介詞by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果沒有必要則省去 （by短語 是代詞，要用賓格形式）例：1）The man killed a tiger. A tig

8、er was killed by the man .(改的過程中要注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面) 2）They are repairing the machine. The machine is being repaired by them. 3) The workers have done the job. The job has been done by the workers.四、 特殊句型的被動語態(tài)：含有使役動詞（make /let /have）或感官動詞（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch, feel, notice, observe等）的

9、句子，在主動語態(tài)中這些詞后常跟不帶to的動詞不定式，但是在改成被動語態(tài)時，則一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help這一個詞在主動語態(tài)中后面的動詞不定式可以帶to,也可不帶to, 但在被動語態(tài)中也必須把to加上去。例：Mother often makes me do some housework. I am often made to do some housework by mother.We saw him run into the classroom. He was seen to run into the classroom by us.teach ,give ,pass ,show

10、,buy, tell等動詞常常帶有兩個賓語（雙賓語：直接賓語和間接賓語），改為被動語態(tài)時，兩個賓語可以選其中任一個作主語。如果直接賓語被提前作主語，那么間接賓語（一般是人）前要加相應的介詞to/for。例：he gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me. I was given a pen by her. A pen was given to me by her.My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me. I was bought a new bike by my fa

11、ther. A new bike was bought for me by my father.由不及物動詞（vi）+介詞/副詞賓語的句子改成被動語態(tài)時，介詞或副詞不能丟掉。(前面已舉過兩例) 常見的這類短語動詞有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up等。例：e should speak to old people politely. Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us).He took away the box. The box was take

12、n away by him.含有賓語補足語的句子改為變動語態(tài)。（賓補放在原來位置不變）例：We call him Xiao Ma. 主謂賓 賓補e is called Xiao Ma by us.He found the book very interesting. The book was found very interesting by him. (5)主動表示被動 Want, need, require 表“需要”時有兩種被動語態(tài)形式。 The room requires cleaning. requires to be cleaned. Worth doing 表示被動。 The b

13、ook is well worth reading.五、 沒有被動語態(tài)的動詞1. 表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動詞 如: sell, study, grow, begin, read, cost, fit, have, suit等沒有被動形式， 2. 不及物動詞或動詞短語 如: appear,die ,disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（傳播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, rise,. result from(緣于)，belong to, consist ofhappen = t

14、ake place, break out(爆發(fā))，break down(壞了)3.大多數(shù)系動詞：be ,feel (摸起來)，sound(聽起來)，look(看起來)，smell(聞起來) taste（嘗起來）,prove(證明)， turn, become, remain, stay等詞無被動語態(tài)，它們的主動形式表示被動意義。例：The skirt feels very soft. 這件裙子摸起來很柔軟。Many changes have happened in our hometown. The film lasted for 3 hours. The book sells well. T

15、he kind of cloth cleans/washes easily.被動語態(tài)考點歸納主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時，被動語態(tài)應和主動語態(tài)的時態(tài)保持一致。We speak English . （改為被動語態(tài)） English _ _ by us. 分析此句主動語態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，被動語態(tài)也應用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，因此，答案應是is spoken。注意被動語態(tài)的謂語結(jié)構：一般現(xiàn)在時是：am / is / are + p.p ；一般過去時是：was / were + p.p ；現(xiàn)在完成時是：have / has / been + p.p；現(xiàn)在進行時是：am / is / are / + being + p

16、.p；含有情態(tài)動詞的是：情態(tài)動詞be + p.p。（注：p.p過去分詞）。We must take good care of our eyes. （改為被動語態(tài)） Our eyes must _ _ good care of. 分析此句中含有情態(tài)動詞must，那么，我們根據(jù)“情態(tài)動詞be+p.p.”的公式可知，答案應是be taken。3. 注意句中主謂語的一致關系。Tea _ （grow）in southeast of China and India. 分析此句中主語tea是不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式。而此句說明的又是一自然現(xiàn)象，因此就應用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。所以，答案應是is gr

17、own。4. 注意復合賓語的變化They couldnt make the cow go. （改為被動語態(tài)）分析the cow go 在句中作make的復合賓語。一般情況下，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，賓語補足語的結(jié)構形式、所處位置原封不動地保存下來，但make / have / let / see / watch / hear 等后原可省的to要還原回來。顯然，此句中，the cow go 中省去的to應還原回來，因此答案應是The cow couldnt be made to go. 5. 注意雙賓語的變化。Mr Smith showed the students two pictures yesterday . （改為被動語態(tài)）Two pictures _ _ _ the students by Mr Smith. 分析變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，雙賓語中的任何一個皆可變?yōu)橹髡Z，一般變直接賓語，但間接賓語前必須加上介詞to或for。此句中顯然是把直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，那么，間接賓語前須加上介詞to，所以答案應