初中英語幾個(gè)常用詞匯辨析

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載初中英語詞匯辨析1. clothes,cloth,clothingclothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù),cloth指布，為不可數(shù)名詞clothing服裝的總稱，指件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof2. incident,accidentincident指小事件，accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.3. amount,numberamount后接不可數(shù)名詞,number后接可數(shù)名詞anumberofstudents4. family,house,homehome家，包括住處和家人，house房子，住宅，family

2、家庭成員。Myfamilyisahappyone.5. sound,voice,noisesound自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.6. photo,picture,drawingphoto用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片，picture可指相片，圖片，電影片，drawing畫的畫Letsgoandseeagoodpicture.7. vocabulary,wordvocabulary詞匯，一個(gè)人擁有的單詞量，word具體的單詞Hehasalargevocabulary.8. population,peoplepopulation人口

3、，人數(shù)，people具體的人Chinahasalargepopulation.9. weather,climateweather天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況,climate長期的氣候況Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.10. road,street,path,wayroad具體的公路，馬路,street街道，path小路，小徑，way道路，途徑takethisroad;inthestreet,Showmethewaytothemuseum.11. course,subjectcourse課程（可包括多門科目），subject科目（具體的學(xué)科）asummercourse12. c

4、ustom,habitcustom傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接todo,habit生活習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣成自然，后接ofdoing.Ivegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.13. cause,reasoncause指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接ofsth./doingsth,reason用來解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的理由，后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate14. exercise,exercises,practiceexercise運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉（不可數(shù)），exercises練習(xí)（可數(shù)），practice（反復(fù)做的）練習(xí)。Practi

5、cemakesperfect.15. class,lesson作像”解時(shí)，兩者可以替換。指課文用lesson.指班級或全體學(xué)生用class.Lesson6;Class516. speech,talk,lecturespeech指在公共場所所做的經(jīng)過準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演說，talk日常生活中的一般的談話，講話，lecture學(xué)術(shù)性的演講，講課aseriesoflectureon17. officer,officialofficer部隊(duì)的軍官，official政府官員anarmyofficer18. work,job二者均指工作。work不可數(shù)，job可數(shù)agoodjob。19. couple,pai

6、rcouple主要指人或動(dòng)物，pair多指由兩部分組成的東西apairoftrousers20. country,nation,state,land學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載country側(cè)重指版圖，疆域，nation指人民，國民，民族，state側(cè)重指政府，政體，land國土，國家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.21. cook,cookercook廚師,cooker廚具Heisagoodcook.22. damage,damagesdamage不可數(shù)名詞，損害，損失；damages復(fù)數(shù)形式，賠償金$900damages23. police,policemanpolice警

7、察的總稱，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，policeman指某個(gè)具體的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.24. problem,questionproblem常和困難連系，前面的動(dòng)詞常為thinkabout,solve,raise,question常和疑問連系，多和ask,answer連用。25. man,amanman人類，aman一個(gè)男人Manwillconquernature.26. chick,chicken二者均可指小雞，chicken還可以當(dāng)雞肉Thechickenisdelicious.27. telegram,telegraph當(dāng)電報(bào)解

8、時(shí)，telegram指具體的，telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph28. trip,journey,travel,voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍長的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip29. sport,gamesport多指戶外的游戲或娛樂活動(dòng)，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等；game指決定勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套規(guī)則Hisfavoritesportisswimming.30. price,prizeprice價(jià)格，prize獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/

9、low.31. anumberof,thenumberofanumberof許多，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。thenumberof的數(shù)目，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.32. infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof范圍外的前面，inthefrontof范圍內(nèi)的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.33. oftheday,ofadayoftheday每一天的，當(dāng)時(shí)的，當(dāng)代的，ofaday暫時(shí)的，不長久的afamousscientistoftheday34. threeofus,thethreeofusthre

10、eofus我們（不止三個(gè)）中的三個(gè)，thethreeofus我們?nèi)齻€(gè)（就三個(gè)人）Thethreeofus-Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.35. bybus,onthebusbybus表手段，方式，不用冠詞，onthebus表范圍Theywenttherebybus.36. foramoment,forthemomentforamoment片亥L一會兒，forthemoment暫時(shí)，一時(shí)Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.37. nextyear,thenextyear學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載nextyear明年，將來時(shí)間狀語，thenextyear第二年，

11、過去將來時(shí)間狀語Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.38. morethanayear,morethanoneyearmorethanayear一年多，morethanoneyear超過一年(兩年或三年等)39. takeadvice,takethe(ones)advicetakeadvice征求意見，taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.40. takeair,taketheairtakeair傳播，走漏，taketheair到戶外去，散步Wetaketheaireveryday.41.

12、inaword,inwordsinaword總之，一句話，inwords口頭上Inaword,youareright.42. inplaceof,intheplaceofinplaceof代替，intheplaceof在地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.43. insecret,inthesecretinsecret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作狀語；inthesecret知道內(nèi)情，知道秘密，一般用作表語Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.44. agirl,onegirlagirl可泛指所有女孩,

13、onegirl一個(gè)女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?45. takeachair,takethechairtakeachair相當(dāng)于sitdown坐下，takethechair開始開會46. gotosea,bysea,bythesea50. inchargeof,inthechargeofinchargeof管理，負(fù)責(zé)照料，inthechargeof由照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.51. inclass,intheclassinclass在課上，intheclass在班級里Heisthebe

14、ststudentintheclass.52. onfire,onthefireonfire著火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.53. outofquestion,outofthequestionoutofquestion毫無疑問的，outofthequestion不可能的54. asecond,thesecondasecond又一，再一，thesecond第Hewonthesecondprize.55. byday,bythedaybyday白天，bytheday按天計(jì)算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.5

15、6. thepeople,apeoplethepeople指人，apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.57. it,oneit同一物體，one同類不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.58. that,thisthat指代上文所提到的，this導(dǎo)出下文所要說的Iwasill.Thatswhy.59. none,nothing,noonenone強(qiáng)調(diào)有多少，nothing,noone強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒有，nothing指物，noone指人-Howmany/Howmuch?-None.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載60. anyone,anyonea

16、nyone指人，不能接of,anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou61. who,whatwho指姓名或關(guān)系，what指職業(yè)或地位Whatisyourdad?Heisateacher.62. what,whichwhat的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無限制的，which在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?63. other,anotherother后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，another后接名詞單數(shù)otherstudents,anotherstudent64. notalittle,notabitnotalittle非常，notabit一點(diǎn)也不Imnotab

17、ittired.我一點(diǎn)兒也不累。65. many,much,alotofmany和可數(shù)名詞連用，much和不可數(shù)名詞連用，alotof可數(shù)，不可數(shù)均可，但不用于否定句Ihaventmanybooks.66. muchmorethan,manymorethanmuchmorethan后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞，manymorethan后接可數(shù)名詞manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful67. no,notno=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater68. nomorethan,notmo

18、rethannomorethan相當(dāng)于only,僅僅，只有，notmorethan至多，不超過69. majority,mostmajority只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，most可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可themajorityofpeople70. byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneselfbyoneself單獨(dú)的，獨(dú)自的，foroneself為自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself自行的,自動(dòng)的Thedooropenedofitself.71. atall,afterallatall根本，全然，afterall到底，畢竟Afterallheisachild.

19、72. tall,hightall常指人或動(dòng)物，high常指物體Heistall.73. fast,quicklyfast側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快的特點(diǎn)，quickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly74. high,highlyhigh具體的高，highly抽象的高，高度的thinkhighlyof75. healthy,healthfulhealthy健康的，健壯的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise76. sleeping,asleep,sleepysleeping正在睡覺，asleep睡著，熟睡

20、，只能做表語，sleepy困的，有睡意的asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.Imsleepy.77. gold,goldengold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金魚用goldfish,agoldring78. most,mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，相當(dāng)于very,當(dāng)大部分，大多數(shù)解時(shí)是形容詞或名詞，學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載mostly大音B分，是副詞mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly79. just,veryjust表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是副詞，作狀語，very表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是形容詞，用作定語theveryman,justtheman80. wide,b

21、roadwide側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離，broad側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣broadshoulders81. real,truereal真的，真實(shí)的，指的是事實(shí)上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符合realgold,atruestory82. respectful,respectablerespectful尊敬，有禮貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的berespectfultotheaged83. outwards,outward二者均可用作副詞，表示向外，外面，outward還可用作形容詞anoutwardvoyage84. pleasant,pleased

22、,pleasingpleasant常用作定語，pleased,pleasing常用作表語，pleased主語常為人，pleasing主語常為物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.85. understanding,understandableunderstanding明白事理的，能體諒的，understandable可理解的，能夠懂的anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake86. close,closelyclose接近，靠近，closely緊緊地，緊密地closelyconnected,standclose87. ill

23、,sickill做表語，sick定，表均可asickboy88. good,wellgood形容詞，well副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞Heiswellagain.89. quiet,silent,stillquiet安靜的，可以發(fā)出小的聲音，silent不發(fā)出聲音，（1可以動(dòng)，still完全不動(dòng)，完全無聲響Hestandtherestill.他站在那兒，一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，也不說話。90. hard,hardlyhard努力，hardly幾乎不workhard,Icanhardlybelieveit.91. able,capableable與不定式todo連用，capable與of連用Heiscapab

24、leofdoing92. almost,nearly二者均為幾乎，差不多”和否定詞連用用almostalmostnobody93. late,latelylate遲，晚，lately最近，近來Ihaventseenhimlately.94. living,alive,live,livelyliving,alive,live均為活著的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定語后置，live只能做定語，lively意為活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive95. excited,excitingexcited使人興奮的，exciting令人興奮的Ime

25、xcited.Thenewsisexciting.96. deep,deeplydeep具體的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地deeplymoved,digdeep97. aloud,loudaloud出聲地，loud大聲地readaloud（出聲地讀）學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載98. worth,worthy二者均為值得，worth后接doing,worthy后接tobedone126. careabout,careforcareabout關(guān)心，計(jì)較，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；carefor關(guān)心，照料，喜歡，愿意Hedoesntcareabouthisclothes.Idontcareformovie

26、s.127. catchacold,haveacoldcatchacold不能和表示憶段時(shí)間”的狀語連用，而haveacold可以Shehashadacoldforaweek.128. changefor,changeintochangefor調(diào)換成，changeinto變成Changetheshirtforabiggerone.Waterchangesintoice.129. continue,last二者均為持續(xù)，continue主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)均可，last只能用主動(dòng)Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.130. fee

27、d,raisefeed喂養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活，飼養(yǎng)（togivefoodto）,raise飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育（causetogrow,bringupchildren）raisethefamily131. goforadoctor,gotoadoctorgoforadoctor去請醫(yī)生，gotoadoctor去看病132. notice,observe,catchsightofnotice注意至Lobserve觀察，仔名田地看，catchsightof突然看至Uobservethestars133. insiston,sticktoinsiston堅(jiān)持要求，后常接doing,stickto堅(jiān)持，后常接sth.,st

28、icktotheplan134. look,seem,appearlook指從外表上看，seem指內(nèi)心的判斷，appear指給人以表面的印象appearwise,looklikehisfather135. gather,collectgather把分散的東西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有選擇地進(jìn)行收集collectstamps136. meantodo,meandoingmeantodo打算，想要做某事，meandoing意思是，意味著BythisImeangivingthestudentsmorepractice.137. diefrom,dieofdiefrom表示死于（槍）傷，虛

29、弱，過度勞累，飲食過度等，dieof表示死于疾病，饑餓，寒冷，年老，憂愁，失戀等精神因素dieofhungerandcold138. payfor,payback,payoffpayfor為付錢，payback還錢，但不一定還清，payoff還清payforthebook,payoffthedebt139. divide,separatedivide把一個(gè)整體分成幾部分，separate把連在一起的個(gè)體分開dividetheapple,separatethehouses140. arrive,get,reacharrive不及物動(dòng)詞，后接in（大地點(diǎn)），at（小地點(diǎn)），get不及物動(dòng)，后接to

30、,reach及物動(dòng)詞arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing141. grow,plantgrow使某種植物在某地生長著或使其發(fā)展下去，plant移植，移栽已經(jīng)長成秧苗的植物學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載plantthetrees,treesaregrowing142. manage,trymanagetodo設(shè)法做成了某事，trytodo盡力去做某事但不一定成功Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.143. choose,selectchoose憑個(gè)人的判斷力進(jìn)行選擇，select有目的地仔細(xì)認(rèn)真地選擇choosethebestansw

31、er144. build,putup,setup,foundbuild一般用語，建成，putup臨時(shí)搭建，setup建成(內(nèi)部的設(shè)施基本齊全)，found國家或組織的建成putupatent,setupaschool145. befamiliarto,befamiliarwithbefamiliarto某物對某人來說是熟悉的，befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物Thebookisfamiliartome.Imfamiliarwiththebook.146. agreewith,agreeto,agreeonagreewith同意某人，agreeto同意某事，agreeon在上達(dá)成一致意見，

32、主語是復(fù)數(shù)agreewithyou,agreetotheplan147. throwto,throwatthrowto扔到，throwat朝扔Hethrowastoneatme.148. receive,acceptreceive收到某一東西，但不一定接受，accept接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidntacceptit.149. wear,puton,dresswear和dress表狀態(tài)，wear接衣服等，可用進(jìn)行時(shí)，dress接人，bedressedin,puton表動(dòng)作Itscoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.150. listen,hear

33、listen強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，hear強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.151. look,see,watchlook看的動(dòng)作，see看的結(jié)果，watch強(qiáng)調(diào)所看物體的變化、移動(dòng)和發(fā)展watchTV152. lie,laylie躺，位于(lay,lain),說謊(lied,lied),lay平放(laid,laid)laythebook153. workas,actasworkas工作是,actas充當(dāng)某種職務(wù)或身份，或扮演某種角色Heworksasateacher.Heactsasaninterpreter.154. move,removemove動(dòng)一動(dòng)，但不一定移走，r

34、emove從一處移到另一處removethetabletothekitchen155. hurt,injure,woundhurt感情上受傷，injure事故中受傷，wound戰(zhàn)爭中受傷Hewaswoundedinthewar.156. turn,get,growturn表突變，后常接表顏色的詞，get強(qiáng)調(diào)變的結(jié)果，grow強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，逐漸的變化turnyellow,gettired,growbig157. close,shut,turnoffclose和shut當(dāng)關(guān)解時(shí)可以通用，用于可開合的物體，turnoff用于指有開關(guān)的物體Close/Shutthedoor.TurnofftheTV.15

35、8. setout,setabout,setoff指出發(fā)，著手解時(shí)，setout后接todo,setabout后接doing,setoff后接forsp.159. begin,start學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載begin側(cè)重時(shí)間的開始，反義詞為end,start側(cè)重由靜到動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)折，反義詞為stopClassbeginsat7:30a.m.160. happen,takeplacehappen偶然性的沒有預(yù)料到的事情的發(fā)生，takeplace必然性的發(fā)生Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.161. at,in（表地點(diǎn)）at小地點(diǎn)，in大地點(diǎn)arriveatasm

36、allvillage,arriveinShanghai162. atwork,inworkatwork在工作，在上班，inwork有職業(yè)，有工作Bothmyparentsareatwork.Theyarenotathome.163. increaseto,increasebyincreaseto增長至U,increaseby增長了Thenumberincreasedby2,000to5,000.164. atease,witheaseatease舒適地，安逸地；withease容易地，無困難地doitwithease165. dayafterday,daybydaydayafterday日復(fù)一

37、日（無變化）；daybyday一天天地（有變化）Treesgrowtallerdaybyday.166. like,aslike相似關(guān)系，但并不等同，as同一關(guān)系，兩者實(shí)為一體Donttreatmeasachild.（Infact,Imachild.）167. after,in（表時(shí)間）after接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，in接時(shí)間段after7:00,infiveminutes168. between,amongbetween兩者之間，三者或三者以上兩兩之間，among三者或三者以上之間SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustraliaandItaly.169. a

38、fter,behind（表位置）after強(qiáng)調(diào)次序的先后，behind強(qiáng)調(diào)物體靜態(tài)位置的前后Therearemanytreesbehindthehouse.170. since,for（完成時(shí)間狀語）since接點(diǎn)時(shí)間或一句話，for接一段時(shí)間forthreeyears,since3:00171. onthecorner,inthecorner,atthecorneronthecorner物體表面的角上，inthecorner物體內(nèi)部的角落里，atthecorner物體外部的角落上（拐角處）onthecornerofthetable172. warnsb.of,warnsb.againstwa

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