英語(yǔ)句子類型簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句doc資料

1、英語(yǔ)句子類型簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句的基本詞序簡(jiǎn)單句的基本詞序主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞部分動(dòng)詞部分 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)）（謂語(yǔ)） (方式方式 /地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間時(shí)間)I bought a hat yesterday.The children ran home.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.并列句并列句 由并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接起來(lái)的句子叫并列句。常見(jiàn)分類： 1表示同等、平行或承接關(guān)系，常用連詞有and，both.and.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，as well as等。 H

2、e helps me and he also helps others. She not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to overcome difficulties. 2表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常用連詞有but，however, yet（然而），while（而）等。 He is young, but he works hard. She is tall, while her elder sister is short.并列句 3表示選擇關(guān)系，常見(jiàn)連詞有or，not.but（不是而是），either.or.（要么要么）等。 Hurry

3、 up, or well be late. Either you come to my home or I get to yours. 4表示因果關(guān)系，常見(jiàn)連詞有as，for（因?yàn)椋?，so等 Mike didnt come to school, for he was ill. He works hard, so he is a top student of class. 復(fù)雜句/復(fù)合句 由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句復(fù)合句狀語(yǔ)從句 時(shí)間: Everybody was assigned a job as soon as t

4、hey left university. 地點(diǎn): Where there is a will, there is a way. 方式: You must do the exercises as I show you. 原因: Since the speaker cant come, well have to cancel the meeting. 結(jié)果: He was very angry, so that he left the room without saying a word. 目的: The teacher must speak clearly so that his student

5、s can understand well. 條件: Provided (that) he wins the support of the minority groups, he will be able to win the election. 讓步: Rich as he is, Mr. Johnson is by no means a happy man.定語(yǔ)從句英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)是一個(gè)詞時(shí)，放在被修飾詞的前面，a beautiful girl a lovely boy （形容詞作定語(yǔ)）定語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)以上的詞組、短語(yǔ)或從句則放在被修飾詞的后面，如： She is the girl in red.

6、（介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)）The lady carried a bag full of money. （形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)） He is the man who you are looking for. （定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)）放在名詞或代詞名詞或代詞后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行先行詞詞。Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行詞先行詞 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞that，which, who, whom, whosewhere, when，why先

7、行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.a machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上

8、是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞Join the following sentences into one:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)a machine the machineJoin the follow

9、ing sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)a machine that /which關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. 關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary

10、.herThe girl關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.herThe girl關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的實(shí)質(zhì)Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.that/who/whomThe girl關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞指代指代在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)脑诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)

11、的成分成分人人物物句子句子主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)whowhomwhichthatwhose關(guān)系副詞的基本用法關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞指代指代所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞炙洚?dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謜henwherewhytimeplacereason時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)指出關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成份：指出關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( )2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )3.A child whose parents are dead is calle

12、d Tom. ( )4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ) 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)別 限制性定語(yǔ)從句：不用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，刪去后原句句意不完整。 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，刪去后原句句意仍然完整。對(duì)比以下兩句話： His sister who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. His sister, who is now a doctor, a

13、lways encourages him to go to college.(1)(1) which 指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japan. He is the man (that) I told you about.(2)(2)that 指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可

14、省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.注意：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，不能用注意：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，不能用thatThis is the school about which we are talking.（3）who 和和whom 的用法舉例：的用法舉例：Who, whom只能指人只能指人做主語(yǔ)：用做主語(yǔ)：用who或或thatThe teacher who got sick last week has come back to school.做賓語(yǔ)：可用做賓語(yǔ)：可用who, whom, that或省略或省略The man (who/whom/that) y

15、ou met yesterday is an actor.The tall man (who/whom/that) you just talked to is my uncle.The tall man to whom you just talked is my uncle.(4)Whose(4)Whose的用法的用法關(guān)系代詞whose表示“的”，是關(guān)系代詞who、which的所有格，因此既可指人，也可指物。在從句中，whose作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，被修飾詞可以是從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。They cleaned the house whose windows face south. He is

16、the boy whose pen I borrowed yesterday. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon women. The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the houses (window)The house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is brokenWhoseWhose與與whichwhich的換用的換用: :When表時(shí)間Do you rem

17、ember the day when we left you in charge?I remember the time when Eric won the speech competition.（5）when的用法舉例：的用法舉例：I can never forget the year of 2003 when I got my postgraduate degree.試比較：試比較：I can never forget the year of 2003 (that/which) I spent in a small village.Where表地點(diǎn)Shanghai is the city

18、where he was born.This is not a family where bad behavior goes unpunished.（6）where的用法舉例：的用法舉例：The small house where she gave birth to her son was burnt down yesterday.試比較：試比較：The small house which was left by her father was burnt down yesterday.（7）why的用法舉例：的用法舉例：Why表原因I dont know the reason why the

19、house is so dirty.I wont listen to the reason why you didnt do your homework.This is the reason why I was late.試比較：試比較：This is the reason (that/ which) you gave to me.關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(diǎn)關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(diǎn)一、一、 that和和which都可以指物，都可以指物，that和和who都都能指人，但以下能指人，但以下6種情況種情況只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which/who。(1)當(dāng)先行詞中當(dāng)先行詞中有人又有物有人又有物時(shí)。如

20、：時(shí)。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(2)當(dāng)先行詞為當(dāng)先行詞為anything, everything, nothing, something, few, all, none, little或者是由或者是由any, every, some, all, no, little, few, much修飾時(shí)。修飾時(shí)。如：如：This is all that I want from the school.(3)當(dāng)先行詞被當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the last, the nex

21、t 等修飾時(shí)。如：等修飾時(shí)。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.He is the only man that I want to see before I die.(4)當(dāng)先行詞被當(dāng)先行詞被最高級(jí)最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：修飾時(shí)。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.(5)當(dāng)先行詞被當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：修飾時(shí)。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be

22、forgotten.(6)當(dāng)先行詞前面有當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。時(shí)。如：如：who is the man that is standing there?Which is the hotel that was recommended?關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(diǎn)關(guān)系代詞的用法注意點(diǎn)二、二、that和和which都可以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下2種情種情況況只能用只能用which不能用不能用that :(1)在在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。如：中。如： English, which is becoming very popular in our country

23、, is learned by more and more people.(2)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞介詞時(shí)，如：時(shí)，如：A zoo is a park in which may kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.This is the room in which I lived when I was young.關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞When, where, why 可被“介詞+which”替換Do you remember the day when we left you in charge?Do you remember the

24、day on which we left you in charge?Shanghai is the city where he was born.Shanghai is the city in which he was born.I dont know the reason why the house is so dirty.I dont know the reason for which the house is so dirty.先行詞為way 或time的定語(yǔ)從句 先行詞是way（方式、方法），且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that, in which或省略： I dont lik

25、e the way (that/in which) he laughs at her. 先行詞是time，若表示“次數(shù)”則用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句： It is the first time that the President has visited our country.一、一、as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句主要固定結(jié)構(gòu)有：主要固定結(jié)構(gòu)有：the sameas suchas asas soas主句中出現(xiàn)主句中出現(xiàn)the same, as, such, so修飾先行詞，需選擇修飾先行詞，需選擇as做關(guān)系做關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。特殊的關(guān)系代詞

26、特殊的關(guān)系代詞asas的用法的用法1. Its the same book as we wanted to find yesterday .這和我們昨天要找的那本書(shū)是一樣的。這和我們昨天要找的那本書(shū)是一樣的。2. Such girls as he knows are good at English .他所認(rèn)識(shí)的女孩都擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。他所認(rèn)識(shí)的女孩都擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。3. Do you have such books as we like ?你有我們喜歡的那種書(shū)嗎？你有我們喜歡的那種書(shū)嗎？4. There is so warm a house as we want to live in .這里有如此暖和的房子

27、，我們都想住在里面。這里有如此暖和的房子，我們都想住在里面。5. He has so difficult a problem , as none of us can solve .他有如此難的一個(gè)問(wèn)題，我們沒(méi)有人能解決。他有如此難的一個(gè)問(wèn)題，我們沒(méi)有人能解決。二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，意為引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，意為“正如正如”“”“就像就像”“”“據(jù)據(jù)”as has been said above 如上所說(shuō)如上所說(shuō)as anybody can see正像每個(gè)人所看到的那樣正像每個(gè)人所看到的那樣as we had expected正如我們所預(yù)料的

28、那樣正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，從句可置，從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，但于句首，句中或句尾，但由由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句后句只能置于主句后。1. As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history .每個(gè)人都知道，中國(guó)是一個(gè)有著悠久歷史的美麗國(guó)家。每個(gè)人都知道，中國(guó)是一個(gè)有著悠久歷史的美麗國(guó)家。2. The earth , as we know , moves round the sun .我們都知道

29、，地球圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。我們都知道，地球圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。3. Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as/which we all know.湯母工作努力，并且樂(lè)于助人，這一點(diǎn)我們都知道湯母工作努力，并且樂(lè)于助人，這一點(diǎn)我們都知道 as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句不是指代主句的整句話不是指代主句的整句話時(shí)，如果時(shí)，如果運(yùn)用的是運(yùn)用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞可省略動(dòng)詞可省略，即，即“as+過(guò)去分過(guò)去分詞詞”，但，但which沒(méi)有這種用法。沒(méi)有這種用法。He repeats that he is telling the story as seen by

30、himself at the time.I hope all the precautions against air pollution, as suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.特殊的關(guān)系代詞but的用法but可被看作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在句中作主語(yǔ)，在意義上相當(dāng)于 who/which/that not，即用在否定詞或具有否定意義的詞后，構(gòu)成雙重否定。There is no mother but loves her children=There is no mother who doe

31、snt love her children.沒(méi)有不愛(ài)自己孩子的母親。 2. There is no rule in English but has exceptions.=There is no rule in English that does not have exceptions.英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有無(wú)例外的規(guī)則。特殊的關(guān)系代詞than的用法than作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，一般用在形式為比較級(jí)的復(fù)合句中，其結(jié)構(gòu)為形容詞比較級(jí)than從句，than在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于that，代表它前面的先行詞。在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式與先行詞保持一致。1. We often advise him

32、not to drink more wine than is good for his health. (than在從句中作主語(yǔ)）我們經(jīng)常勸他為了身體健康不要喝過(guò)量的酒。 2. He smoked more cigarettes than he bought. (than在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）他吸的香煙比他買的要多。3. He smoked fewer cigarettes than were normally available.(than在從句中作主語(yǔ)）他吸的香煙比他弄到的要少。名詞性從句 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses） 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合

33、句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences: 1.The world loves nature. 2.Knowledge is power .3.We Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectsubjectappositionpredicative 名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞名詞性從句在功能上相當(dāng)于名詞主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) His job is important.What he does is imp

34、ortant.表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)This is his job.This is what he does every day. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ) I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. 名詞性從句 noun clause 主語(yǔ)從句subject clause 賓語(yǔ)從句object clause 表語(yǔ)從句predicative clause 同位語(yǔ)從句appos

35、itive clause： 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞：連接詞：that, whether, if （不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分，that 只在賓語(yǔ)從句中的某些情況下可省略，在其他從句中都不可省略）連接代詞：連接代詞：what, who, whom, whose, which連接副詞：連接副詞：when, where, how, why以及由它們加ever構(gòu)成的詞如：whatever, whomever, whenever, however還有所有帶how 的詞組如：how often, how many, how far, how much主語(yǔ)從句主

36、語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語(yǔ)在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語(yǔ).引導(dǎo)詞有連詞引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 不不可省可省),whether; 代詞有代詞有who, what ,which;副詞副詞 when ,where, how, why 等等.如如:1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.It It 作形式主語(yǔ)作形式主語(yǔ) 為了避免主語(yǔ)冗長(zhǎng),句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句放在后面作真正的主語(yǔ)，但主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。 That he is a f

37、amous singer is known to us. (It is known to us that he is a famous singer.) When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)1.It + be + 形容詞 that從句It is necessary / important/ obvious thate.g.: It is certain that she will come here tomorrow.2.It + be + -

38、ed分詞 that從句It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道It is known to us all that . 眾所周知It has been decided that 已經(jīng)決定e.g.: It is said that Mr. Bill has arrived in Shanghai.it作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)注意：以下結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should) +do”：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired,

39、ordered, etc.) thate.g.: It is necessary that we (should) get up early. It is requested that we (should) be quiet in the hospital.3.It + be + 名詞 that從句It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)It is a surprise that . 令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實(shí)是It is no wonder that 難怪.e.g.: It is a pity that we cant go to Beiji

40、ng with you.4.It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 that從句It seems/appears that 似乎It happens that . 碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起e.g.: It happened that I was out that day.1).主語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序主語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序,即主語(yǔ)在前即主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后謂語(yǔ)在后. 例例: 誤誤: When will he come is not known.2).連接詞連接詞that在主語(yǔ)從句中無(wú)實(shí)際意義在主語(yǔ)從句中無(wú)實(shí)際意義,但不能省略但不能省略. 例例: 誤誤: He will not

41、 come to the meeting this evening is true.正正: When he will come is not known.正正: That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true. 主語(yǔ)從句中語(yǔ)序與主語(yǔ)從句中語(yǔ)序與that的省略：的省略：注意注意 主語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)從句中的“主謂一致主謂一致”：3).主語(yǔ)從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體主語(yǔ)從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體, 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式數(shù)形式.That they will come _certain.4). What 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)引導(dǎo)主

42、語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.注意注意isareisWe believe (that) he is honest.We told him why we came back.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ).引導(dǎo)詞有連詞引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 常?？墒÷钥墒÷?,whether,if; 代

43、詞有代詞有who, what ,which;副詞副詞 when ,where, how, why 等等.如如:一、連接詞（引導(dǎo)詞）一、連接詞（引導(dǎo)詞） 1. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是陳述句時(shí)（包括肯定句和否定句），連接詞由that引導(dǎo)，因?yàn)閠hat在從句中不作任何成分，也沒(méi)有任何具體意思，因此在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略vLin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. vShe says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.vJim thought (that) the t

44、rain was like a big moving party. 賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1 1）當(dāng)）當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，第從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，第2個(gè)個(gè)that不能??；不能??； He said (that)he would go there the next day and that his family wouldnt go there.（2 2）當(dāng)）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省掉不可省掉 The reason lies in that she work

45、s harder than the others do.（3 3）用）用it做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句 I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.在主句為動(dòng)詞be加某些形容詞（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面所跟的省略that的從句也可算是賓語(yǔ)從句vIm sorry (that) I dont know .vWere sure (that) our team will win .vIm afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .2. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從

46、句是一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)（口語(yǔ)中常用if），因?yàn)閕f/whether翻譯成：“是否”，具有一定的意義，所以不能省略vLily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .vLets see if /whether we can find out some information about that city .vShe asked me if /whether she could borrow these books .whether與與if的辨用的辨用 表“是否”時(shí)，在下列情況下用whether

47、。1.主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句中e.g.: Whether she will come is still a question. The question is whether she will come.2. Whether置于句首，不能換成if:e.g.: Whether this is true, I cant say.3. 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句: e.g.: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.whether與與if的辨用的辨用4. 在不定式前用whether:e.g.: He hasnt decided whether to go by bus o

48、r by train.5. whether or not 連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不用if: e.g.: I dont know whether or not I will stay.6. 若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether： e.g.：Please let me know if you like the book.此句可理解為：Please let me know whether you like the book.If you like the book, please let me know.3. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，由連接代詞（what, who, whom, which,

49、whose）或連接副詞（when, where, how, why）引導(dǎo)，因?yàn)檫B接代詞或連接副詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略vDo you know what he said just now ?v I dont remember when we arrived .v I asked him where I could get so much money .v Please tell me who (whom) we have to see .v Do you know what time the plane leaves ?二、時(shí)態(tài)二、時(shí)態(tài)I know (tha

50、t) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. 三、語(yǔ)序三、語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序用陳述語(yǔ)序：賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序用陳述語(yǔ)序：連接詞連接詞+ +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+ +其他成分其他成分1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he wi

51、ll go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library . 2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy . 四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移四、否定轉(zhuǎn)移 think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中?我們認(rèn)為你不在這。 We dont think you a

52、re here. 我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。I dont believe he will do so. 五、五、it it 作形式賓語(yǔ)作形式賓語(yǔ) it常可以放在動(dòng)詞think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作為形式賓語(yǔ):vWe thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.vWe think it our duty that we should help others.vI find it impossible that he can finish the work表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的

53、表語(yǔ)在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語(yǔ).引導(dǎo)詞有連詞引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that (that 不可省不可省),whether; 代詞有代詞有who, what ,which;副副詞詞 when ,where, how, why 等等.如如:The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.This is how Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.如果句子的主語(yǔ)是如果句子的主語(yǔ)是suggestion,advice.order等表示

54、命令、建議等表示命令、建議等意思名詞時(shí)等意思名詞時(shí),后面引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句用后面引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形.注意：1.除了上述詞外，連詞because, as if/as though等也可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句： It looked as if it was going to snow. It seems as though he didnt know the answer. Thats because we never thought of it.2. 主語(yǔ)reason常用的表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞為that，而不是because:The reason why he was late i

55、s that he had a traffic accident.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 在句中起同位語(yǔ)的作用在句中起同位語(yǔ)的作用.一般放在名詞一般放在名詞 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion 等之后等之后,用以用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的名詞說(shuō)明或解釋前面的名詞.引導(dǎo)詞有引導(dǎo)詞有that, whether及及how, when, where等（等（if和和which不能引導(dǎo)不能引導(dǎo)）1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The problem whether he should

56、 continue is unsolved.3. I have no idea when he will come back.4.The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.名詞名詞suggestion,advice.order等詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用要用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形.注注: 1. 1. 同 位語(yǔ)從句多用that 引導(dǎo)2. 2. 在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句從句. I have no

57、 idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds o

58、f all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is wel

59、comed by many people, especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The s

60、uggestion that Chinese students (should) be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的相似之處1、兩種從句都可以譯成定語(yǔ)、兩種從句都可以譯成定語(yǔ) e.g. The news that our team has won the final matchis encouraging. （同位語(yǔ)從句）我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is rea