仁愛(ài)八年上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法

1、歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料UNIT 1 Topic 1 語(yǔ)法精講be going to+動(dòng)詞原形1 .表示說(shuō)話人根據(jù)現(xiàn)在已有的跡象，判斷將要或即將發(fā)生某種情況。這類句子的主語(yǔ)可以是人，也可是物。例如：There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我學(xué)校各有一場(chǎng)足球賽。（已有告示）I feel terrible.I think I'm going to die.我感到難受極了，我想我快不行了。Look at those black clouds ! It's going to rain

2、.看看那些烏云！天快要下雨了。2 .表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的意圖或現(xiàn)已作出的決定，即打算在最近或?qū)?lái)進(jìn)行某事。這種意圖或決定往 往是事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮的。例如：He isn't going to see his elder brother tomorrow. 他明天不準(zhǔn)備去看他哥哥。Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up. 瑪麗決定長(zhǎng)大了當(dāng)一名教師。3 .只是單純地預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的事，此時(shí)可與will互換。例如：I think it is going to/will rain this evening.我認(rèn)為今晚要下雨。注意：（1） be going

3、to和will在含義和用法上略有不同。be going to往往表示事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮的打算；will多表示意愿、決心。兩者有時(shí)不能互換。例如：He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams. 他正努力學(xué)習(xí)，準(zhǔn)備參加考試。（不能用 will替換）-Can somebody help me ?誰(shuí)能幫我下嗎?I will.我來(lái)。（不能用be going to替換）（2）在if之后，通常不用 will表示預(yù)言，但可以用be going to表示意圖。例如：If you are going to go to the cinema this even

4、ing , you'd better take your coat with you. 你若今晚去看 電影，最好帶著外套。be going to也?？梢杂糜谥骶渲?。例如：If you invite Jack , there's going to be trouble.如果你邀請(qǐng)杰克，那就要惹麻煩了。如果表示將來(lái)的意愿，will可用于條件從句。此時(shí) will為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如：If you will learn to play football , I'll help you.如果你想學(xué)踢足球，我可以幫你。課堂小測(cè)1、Be careful. The train d.A.

5、will come B. C. comes D. is coming2. Look at those clouds. It a_ soon, I'm afraid.A. is going to rain B. is raining C. will rain D. won't rain3. The radio says it c_ the day after tomorrow.A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows4. _b he some shopping tomorrow afternoon ?A. Wi

6、ll does B. is going to do C. is doing D. Shall do歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料UNIT 1 Topic 2 語(yǔ)法精講Would you mind.,?Would you mind. ?你介意嗎? /請(qǐng)你 ffl®?Woul（W o you min阱doing?用來(lái)客氣地提出請(qǐng)求.其否定形式為工址iuld/Do yw mind nol d血g?你不救行嗎？e.g Would/Do you mind givingme a glass of waler?鄙嗡我 TPK 好嗎？Would/Doyou mind not smoking 請(qǐng)你別抽煙好螞？回答

7、帶有向d的問(wèn)句時(shí)要注意yes或口口都是針對(duì)加nd（介意，在乎）選用的.表示學(xué)介 意,在乎"時(shí),用yes,后面跟句子，意思是“不讓對(duì)方做某事二表示“不介意,不 在乎時(shí)時(shí)選用no,后邊跟句子，意思是“允訐對(duì)方做某事”.e g -Would/Do youtnind hdpingme with the heavy bQ如你介意幫我搬這個(gè)重箱子D??？Nor not at all./Certainly not/Of course not.不介意，當(dāng)然可以.一 I'msorry,but”.對(duì)不起,但是前名詞前還可以加一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)，一般用形容同性枷主代詞或名詞所有格Qe. g Wfauldy

8、ou mind my clo sing tliedoof?你介意我關(guān)上門嗎？Would you mind my using your computer?我可以用一下你的電畫(huà)嗎？一Woiild/Do you mind my smoking here?你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎？一Yfes, you'd better not.是的，你最好別抽-"一 No, certainly nciL不介意，當(dāng)然可以抽口Could yon please.?Could you please .? = Would you please .一.?都表示客氣委婉地提出請(qǐng)求，此處不表示過(guò)去時(shí)0 e.g. Cou

9、ld you pleas e clean our classroom?請(qǐng)你打掃一下我ff的教室好嗎？"ill用作表示意愿的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will表示意愿時(shí)，用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為婚,會(huì),要十e.g. Will you lend me ym ruler?闔爾把尺子借給我好嗎？He won't hdp us any mwe他不息意再幫助我們了.would也可以表示意息，比will語(yǔ)氣更委統(tǒng)口歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料UNIT 1 Topic 3 語(yǔ)法精講一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成表示,浮某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常性或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng) 作，常與表示 的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 0 J tomarrow

10、聲 o 嗎口ext time/week/tnonth/yeai,. rin. miimte/hQur/daWwuek/mgth等口 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)方式：則IVshdH動(dòng)詞原形，；shalK英 國(guó)英語(yǔ)）用于翥一人稱（L we） will（美國(guó)英語(yǔ)）可用于各種人機(jī)1 .將來(lái)時(shí)的肯定形式:I/We/YouyHe/She/IVThey+vill.sEl/WesM .e g IwiH wait for you at the school.我會(huì)在學(xué)校等你.We shall visit her torngjit-我們今晚去拜訪她.He will bu twenty next birthday.下次生日他就

11、二十歲了.4They will go.他門要走了02 .一般將來(lái)時(shí)的否定形式r IAVeYou/He/Slie/lt/They4-will+ 口Qt,或 1/Wp shadl not.Ml 的主語(yǔ)后常縮耳為Q will 口仇常?？s寫(xiě)'為won七shall not常?？s寫(xiě)為shante.g. I won't laid this bock to you我不會(huì)把這本書(shū)信給你.We shall not go to school the day after tomorrow,后天我們不上學(xué)They won't get there at 8:0。,他們 8 點(diǎn)® 不了那里

12、口3 .一殷將來(lái)時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句形式：Shall 1/We,或物I y口MiNshMMhey.4,在疑問(wèn)句中用來(lái)征詢聽(tīng)話人的i和愿望.e g. Will you please come in?請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái), 好嗎？Shall we hdphmi clean the mom now?我們現(xiàn)在要幫助他打掃房間嗎？5.在條件狀語(yǔ)和時(shí)向狀酒從句中，當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).e. g. I will phone you as soon as I get ttier已我一1 到那兒就給你打電話.I won't go to the park if it rams.如果卜雨我

13、就不去公園口一殷將來(lái)時(shí)有兩種形式i be going to do和wil do/shall don be going to蕓示打算 去敞或可能發(fā)生的事，will do/shall d。多理客觀上將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.e. g. Who is going to speak 隹先發(fā)言？She will be thirteen nest week,下星期她就十三歲了 口隨堂測(cè)試1、 There a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( )2

14、. Charlie here next month.A. isn ' t working B. doesn ' t working C. isn ' t going to working D. won' t work( )3. He very busy this week, he free next week.A. will be; is B. is; isC. will be; will be D. is; will be( )4. There a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. was B. is go

15、ing to have C. will have D. is going to be( )5.-you free tomorrow? No. I free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be( )6. Mother me a nice present on my next birthday.A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give歡迎下

16、載學(xué)習(xí)好資料UNIT 2 Topic 1 語(yǔ)法精講 表示建議的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示建議的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should, c如,儂y等有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)；常常用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng) 作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度或情感.有實(shí)際詞義，但不可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，須與動(dòng)詞原形連用，沒(méi)有人稱 的變化.should其否定形式should not縮寫(xiě)為shouldn*LA:可以表示勸告、建議，一般擇作“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)二e g. You should answer try quesiisi in English.你應(yīng)當(dāng)用英語(yǔ)回答我的問(wèn)題口You should help each other你們應(yīng)該互相幫助.You shouldn't talk in

17、 class.你不應(yīng)該在課堂上亂說(shuō)話.B:表示預(yù)測(cè)，可能,弋e. g. He should be in the classroom,他應(yīng)該在教室里C:表示說(shuō)話人的感情，如驚奇、憤怒、失望等，e. g. Why should I go?我為什么應(yīng)該去？（表示不滿）may: If you dwt understand, you may go and ask Miss Wang.如果你不明白，你可以去問(wèn)王 老師.can:You can go to see a doctor,你能去看醫(yī)生口UNIT 2 Topic 2 語(yǔ)法精講must的用法（一）Vmust否定式mustn't是must not

18、的縮寫(xiě)形式,其意思是“禁止，不許事不準(zhǔn)， 定不要，一定不許一e g. You mustn't drink the water 你不訐喝這水-You mustn't throw the paper on the door,你不準(zhǔn)把紙扔到地上注意：不用mustift來(lái)回答由must （必須、一定要）開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)句，而應(yīng)用necdrft （don,thave to）»e.g. Must he clean the room before clas$?他一定要在課前打掃教室嗎？肯定回答：Yes, he must,是的，一定要口否定回答：N必加needn't/doesn

19、9;t have也不,不必.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載UNIT 2 Topic 3 語(yǔ)法精講must的用法（二）1 .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞皿就強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，意思是“必須，反該匕含有要求、命令之意.e.g. You must finish your homework fir班你必須先完成家庭作業(yè)口I must work hard at my 1邸。皿我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)各H功課口2 . mu就否定式為musEt意為“禁1L不得二e g He mustn, t leave here before tai o'clock,十點(diǎn)之聲學(xué)不得離開(kāi)這兒.3 . must表示必然結(jié)臬意為h一定，必定: eg. If you d

20、on't wMhard, you must囪1 in the exam如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)的話,你必定不會(huì)通過(guò)考試.4 ,表示有把握的推測(cè)，意思是父肯定7否定推測(cè)用can not痛耳為cant e.g. There must be something wrong with the machine.那臺(tái)機(jī)器肯定出了故障. He can't be so皿他不可能那么老.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法總結(jié)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征：1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生；2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought和have外，后面只能接不帶 to的不定式。3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人 稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)

21、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非謂語(yǔ)形式，即沒(méi)有不定式，分詞，等形式。、 比較 can 和 be able to1） can could表示能力；可能 （過(guò)去時(shí)用could）,只用于現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式 （could）。be able to可以 用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。2）只用 be able toa.位于助動(dòng)詞后。b.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。c.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。d.用于句首表示條件。e.表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用 was/were able to, 不能用could。He was abl

22、e to flee Europe before the war broke out.He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意：could不表示時(shí)態(tài)1）提出委婉的請(qǐng)求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。Could I have the television on?Yes, you can. / No, you can't.2）在否定，疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)或懷疑。He couldn't be a bad man.他不大可能是壞人。二、比較 may 和 might1）表示允許或請(qǐng)求；表示沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)；may放在句首，表示

23、祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意：might表示推測(cè)時(shí)，不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may小。歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料2）成語(yǔ)：may/might as well ,后面接不帶to的不定式，意為"不妨"。If that is the case, we may as well try三、比較 have to 和must1） 兩詞都是必須的意思，have to表示客觀的需要，must表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in t

24、he middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。（客觀上需要做這件事）He said that they must work hard.他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）2） have to有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而 must只有一種形式。但 must可用于間接引語(yǔ)中表 示過(guò)去的必要或義務(wù)。表不"不必He had to look after his sister yesterday.3） 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：don't have tomustn't 表示"禁止"，You don't have to

25、tell him about it.You mustn't tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。 你一定不要把這件事告訴他。四、must表示推測(cè)1） must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測(cè)，意為“一定"。2） must表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)，must后面通常接系動(dòng)詞 be的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)判斷）He must be working in his office.他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較：He

26、 must be staying there.他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。He must stay there.他必須呆在那。3） must表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)，must要接完成式。I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我剛才沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到電話，我想必是睡著4） must表示對(duì)過(guò)去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，must后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。Why didn't you answer my phone call?Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.5）

27、否定推測(cè)用can't 。如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才If Tom didn't leave here until five o' clock, he can't be home yet.離開(kāi)這兒，他此時(shí)一定還未到家。五、表示推測(cè)的用法can, could, may, might, must皆可表示推測(cè)，其用法如下：1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況的推測(cè)，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)正在進(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)。At this m

28、oment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.這時(shí)，我們老師想必在批改試卷。3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)。表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項(xiàng)工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。Your mother must hav

29、e been looking for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。5）推測(cè)的否定形式，疑問(wèn)形式用can't, couldn ' t表示。Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒(méi)有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财噥?lái)上班的。注意：could, might表示推測(cè)時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài)，其推測(cè)的程度不如can, may 。六、should 和 ought toshould和ought to 都為"應(yīng)該"的意思，可用于各種人稱。Ought he to

30、go?Yes. I think he ought to.表示要求，命令時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣由 should （應(yīng)該）、had better最好）、must （必須）漸強(qiáng)。七、had better 表示"最好"had better相當(dāng)于一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形。had better do sthhad better not do sthIt is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示與

31、事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果，意為"本來(lái)最好"。You had better have come earlier.八、would rather 表示"寧愿"would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than 寧愿而不愿。還有 would sooner, had rather, had sooner 都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I w

32、ould rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 九、will 和 would注意：1） would like ; Would like to do = want to 想要，為固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?2） Will you ? Would you like？表示肯定含義的請(qǐng)求勸說(shuō)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句中一般用 some,而 不是any。Would you like some cake?3）否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用 will , 一般不用 would, won't

33、 you是一種委婉語(yǔ)氣。Won't you sit down?十、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答方式問(wèn)句肯定回答否定回答Need you-? Yes, I must. No,I needn'tMust you ? /don't have to.H一、帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞帶 to 的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四個(gè)：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上 have got to ,（=must）,學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載be able to ,為六個(gè)。它們的疑問(wèn)，否定形式應(yīng)予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of

34、 the month?She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.You ought not to have told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?ought to本身作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用。其他的詞作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，變疑問(wèn)，否定時(shí)，須有do等助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助。典型例題Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.

35、 having told答案A。由于后句為過(guò)去時(shí)，告訴秘密的動(dòng)作又發(fā)生在其前因，此地應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，但它在 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to 后，所以用have 。十二、比較 need和dare這兩詞既可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用，又可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，兩者都只能用于疑問(wèn)句，否定句和條件句。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的不定式必須帶to ,而dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，后面的to時(shí)常可以被省略。1）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：need （需要，要求）need + n. / to do sth2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need ,只用原形need后加do,否定形式為 need not 。Need you go yet? Yes, I must.

36、 / No, I needn't.3） need的被動(dòng)含義：need, want, require, worth （形容詞）后面接 doing也可以表示被動(dòng)： need doing = need to be done隨堂測(cè)試1. 一 Must I finish my homework today ? No , you.A. can ' t B. needn ' t. C. mustn 't. D. may not2. -I speak to Mary ?-Mary Speaking.A. Must B. Need C. May D. Shall3. This m

37、ath problem is too hard. Nobody do it.A. may not B. may C. can ' t D. can4. 一 Can you speak Japanese ?No , I.A. can ' t B. mustn ' t C. may not D. needn ' t5. You stop when the lights are red.A. may B. can C. should D. must6. You play football in the street. It' s dangerous.A. ca

38、n 't B. shouldn ' tC. mustn 't D. wouldn ' t歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料UNIT 3 Topic 1 語(yǔ)法精講Used toused to do sth.意為時(shí)以前常做過(guò)去常常做叱L表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣、狀態(tài)，常用于過(guò)去形式，時(shí)態(tài)不變.eg I used logo fishmgm Sun電我以前常在星期日去釣魚(yú).2 , i一般動(dòng)詞相同，否定句用didn't use to,也可用used nut/usedn't t(h但大多數(shù) 人喜歡用cHdnJt use to.e g. He didn't use R dnnk

39、. =He used not to drink 他以前不經(jīng)常喝酒甲.、3 .疑舊句也跟一般動(dòng)詞相同，常用Di&- us- 7也可用Used, to,r ?e g. Xd you use to be a teacher?=Used you to be a teacher?你以前是老師嗎？4 .有時(shí)替代前述的動(dòng)詞以濮免重復(fù).e g. I don't smoke these days, but I used to,我現(xiàn)在不抽煙，但我以前抽.be/geVbec ome used to (doing；) sth.表示"習(xí)慣干叫 注意它與 used to do sth.的區(qū)別.e

40、 g. You will soon get used to our way 口f living.你將很快習(xí)慣于我們的生活方式.He is us ed to getting up early,他習(xí)慣早起.UNIT 3 Topic 2 語(yǔ)法精講感嘆句(1)用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話時(shí)的驚異、喜悅、氣憤等情緒.感嘆句一般有以下結(jié)構(gòu)： l)What+(afai)+形容詞喀詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+其他！2) How +形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+其他！e g What a good idea (it is)!真是個(gè)好主意！What an interesting story (it is)!這是個(gè)多有趣的故事啊！How hard

41、 he works!中他工作是多么努力??！,How cold (it is) today!今天多冷的天??！注意：What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，如名詞是可數(shù)名詞單效,即用Whata/an+形容詞十,!如果名詞是復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前面不加the即用叫+形容詞+名詞中!隨堂小測(cè)()1. What a friendly person! We all like talking with him.A. is it B. is he C. it is D. he is()2.swimming in this river!A. How great funB. What great funC. How a great f

42、unD. What a great fun()3.sad news it is! We must try our best to help them out of trouble.學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載A. What a B. What C. How a D. How()4. What fine weather we have these days!A. a B. the C. / D. an()5.lovely day! Let ' s go for a walk.A. What B. What a C. How D. How a()6.dangerous it is to ride o

43、n a busy road!A. What B. What a C. How D. How aUNIT 3 Topic 3 語(yǔ)法精講 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.1 .各種句式的構(gòu)成；(工)肯定句！主語(yǔ)4was/wene+Huing,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱單數(shù)和第三人稱單數(shù) 時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞be用whe.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是其他人稱都用were0e g. IZHe/She was reading newspaper at that time aB時(shí)我 /他 /她正在看才艮 紙They were watching TV from 8:00 to PinQdhe day b

44、efore y Ester day 一前天從自點(diǎn) 到口點(diǎn)他們?cè)诳措娨?y否定句；在助動(dòng)詞wasAvere后面直接加noUe. g. He was not playing football when I saw him.當(dāng)我看到他的時(shí)候，他不是在踢足球.一般疑問(wèn)句及回答：把助動(dòng)詞was/were提到句苜變?yōu)橐击灰煽删?，?答肯定形式是 Y=,主語(yǔ)+ was/ were ； 否定形式是 No,主旨+ was/were+noUe. g Ws he singing? Yes, he was./Mo, he wasn,L 他在唱歌嗎？是的，他在 唱./不，他沒(méi)有。2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)

45、翦正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at that time, at that moment, this time yesterday, at nine yesterday momingW表示過(guò)去 的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):以 及由a3 when, while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用.e. g. I was teaching my little brother at that time last night, 昨天晚上那個(gè)時(shí)候我在教我的小弟弟.What were you doing when I caled you last night?昨天晚上我給你打電話時(shí)你在干什么？表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與時(shí)間

46、狀語(yǔ)thos亡days, that week, last night 等連用 口e g They were planting trees those days,為5些天他f門在植樹(shù).He was visiting Beijing that week,那周他在北京參觀歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料3.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去進(jìn)行越雖調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行性和連續(xù)性、TS過(guò)去盹雖調(diào)發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng) 作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作結(jié)果，說(shuō)明有過(guò)這件事.e g. I was doing my homework yesterday一昨天我在做作業(yè) °I did my homework yesterday 昨天

47、我做了作業(yè).（2）當(dāng)敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，尤其是過(guò)程中發(fā)生的一系列動(dòng)作時(shí)，都用一 般過(guò)去時(shí).eg. I began to do some reading at seven Then I went to bed at ten.我字點(diǎn)鐘開(kāi)始看書(shū)，然后1。點(diǎn)上床睡覺(jué).隨堂小測(cè)1 .My brother while he his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell, was riding B. fell, were ridingC. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding2 . Tom into the house when no

48、 one.A. slipped, was looking B. had slipped, lookedC. slipped, had looked D. was slipping, looked3 .The last time I _ Jane she cotton in the fields.A. had seen, was picking B. saw, pickedC. had seen, pickedD. saw, was picking4.1 don ' t think Jim saw me; he into space.A. just stared B. was just

49、staringC. has just stared D. had just stared5.I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time.A. has workedB. was working學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載UNIT 4 Topic 1 語(yǔ)法精講1 .形容詞，副詞比校級(jí)的枸成(1)規(guī)則變化；一般在詞尾加 er 或巴九 e.g. fresh fresher - freshest; long- longer longest; fiew fewerftwest以字母已結(jié)尾的形容詞，加 f 或 st, e. g s

50、trange一 stranger一 strangest; late一later 一 latest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)這一輔音字母，再加旺或 時(shí).eg. hot-hatter "hottest, big-biggerbiggest, wet1-wetter1-wettest以輔音字母結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先改y為l再加er或加.e.g. happy-happier happiest; healthy health er healthiest部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞前面加mcitr或most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)-eg. beautifijl more beautif

51、ul most beautiful, dangerousmore dangerousmost dangerous; activemore activemost active(2)不規(guī)則變化工 good/weUbetter best; Ettle/fewlessleast; many/'iruch-more 一 most; bad/ill- wors e- worst; far一 farther/further一 farthest/ furthest.2 .形容詞、副伺比較班和最高級(jí)的用法(1)比較級(jí)AVB或A>B,經(jīng)常與than搭配，或給出比較的兩個(gè)內(nèi)容.可用much, a Et

52、tle, many, even, a lot,氈丁等修飾來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示相得多/ 一點(diǎn),常用于“比較級(jí)“怕口”結(jié)構(gòu).e g. Sheis morcbeau砥ithanherfhend她比她的朋友漂亮得多.Li La runs a ittle faster than Tom.李雷比湯姆跑得快一點(diǎn)(2)三者或三者以上比較，用最高級(jí)，T給出比血圍。其中副詞最高級(jí)前的the 可以省略.常用“最高級(jí)+of也1)+范圍C其中of用于同類之間的比較；in用于異類之間 的比法是比較范圍.eg I think roses are the most beautiful ofall the flower工我認(rèn)為玫瑰

53、花是 所有花中最漂亮的=He is the youngest in the class他是班上年齡最小的學(xué)生口幅ter is the most important thing to living things of all 對(duì)于所有生物來(lái)說(shuō)，水是最重要的.Which animal is the strongest, the tiger, the sheep or the bear?老虎、得羊、熊，財(cái)?shù)膭?dòng)物品強(qiáng)壯？隨堂測(cè)試1. Which lesson is(difficult) in Book 2?2. Alice writes(carefully ) than I.3. This story

54、 is(interesting) than that one.4. That was one of( exciting) moments in 2008.5. This kind of food must be( delicious )than that one.6. Beihai park is one of(beautiful ) parks in Beijing.7. Who s(careful), Tom,Jim or Kate?8. That is(easy) of all.9. He is(clever )boy in the class.10. John is( short) t

55、han Tom.歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料UNIT 4 Topic 2 語(yǔ)法精講現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別（1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話的此刻正在發(fā)生或正在做的事情，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為，加+現(xiàn)在分詞.e g.肯定句；The robots are making a car now這些機(jī)器人正在生產(chǎn)小汽車2否定句e We are not studying on the Internet我們沒(méi)有在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí).一般疑I可句=Is the teacher looking up the word in the dicticinary?這個(gè)老師正在詞典卬查這 個(gè)詞嗎？特殊疑問(wèn)句；Who is he tailsing t。?他

56、在和誰(shuí)談話？（2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，正在發(fā)生或正在做的事情?；窘Y(jié) 構(gòu)為：wa£（WErc）+現(xiàn)在分詞0巳g一肯定句：When he came in, I was writing a letter當(dāng)他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我在寫(xiě)一封信（否定句工They weren't watching TV while she was reading她看書(shū)時(shí)，他們沒(méi)在看電視口一般疑問(wèn)句 惆£ the UFC flying to us at 8:00 last night?昨晚8點(diǎn)不明飛行物正向我們飛來(lái) 嗎？特殊疑問(wèn)句：What were you drinking whil

57、e we were wle即in口我們睡覺(jué)時(shí)，你們正在喝什 么？進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)往往用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，常與whem wh此等連詞搭配。e g It was raining when we were leaving school.我們離開(kāi)學(xué)校的時(shí)候天正下雨口The students were reading while the teacher was grading their homework學(xué)生們?cè)诳磿?shū)，而老師正在批改他們的作業(yè)。be sum結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定和不肯定be sure一般用來(lái)表示肯定，be not wute （whether/if）表示不確定口bE sure后面可以跟不定式和賓語(yǔ)從句.跟不定式一般譯為“一定Z 跟賓語(yǔ)從句, 庫(kù)為R確信'，e. g. We are sure to repair the TV well.我們一定修好這臺(tái)電視機(jī).I'm sure you can complete your work.我確信你能完成你的工作.Are you surewhether（if） he switched the computer 口口?傷確定他打開(kāi)還是沒(méi)召打開(kāi)電胸？be sure ofYahnul后接名詞,表示確信，對(duì)有把握e g He is sure o f his succe