中國(guó)文化概論 孫子兵法英文背景

1、 Sun Wu, whose courtesy name was Changqing(長(zhǎng)卿)， was born in Lean(樂(lè)安， now Huimin 惠民，Shangdong Province). Revered as “Sun Zi (or Sun Tzu) ”, he was a well-known military strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period. To escape from domestic chaos, he took refuge in the State of Wu, where he was appo

2、inted general by the king. Under his command, the forces of Wu defeated the strong army of the State of Chu, subdued the people of the State of Yue, and deterred the state of Qi and Wei.Sun Zi (about 535470 BC)Sun Zis The Art of War, composed of 13 articles, was the first systematic book on military

3、 strategies and tactics in ancient China and one of the earliest works on military strategies and tactics in the world.1.Laying Plans始計(jì)篇2.Waging War作戰(zhàn)篇3.Attack by Stratagem謀攻篇4.Tactical Dispositions軍形篇5.Energy兵勢(shì)篇6.Weak Points and Strong 虛實(shí)篇7.Maneuvering軍爭(zhēng)篇8.Variation in Tactics九變篇9.The army on the m

4、arch行軍篇10.Terrain地形篇11.The Nine Situation九地篇12.The attack by fire火攻篇13.The Use of Spies 用間篇Thirty-Six Stratagems（三十六計(jì)）1.瞞天過(guò)海crossing the sea under camouflage2.圍魏救趙relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei3.借刀殺人killing someone with a borrowed knife4.以逸待勞waiting at ones ease for the ex

5、hausted enemy5.趁火打劫plundering a burning house6.聲東擊西making a feint to the east and attacking in the west7.無(wú)中生有creating something out of nothing8.暗渡陳倉(cāng)advancing secretly by an unknown path9.隔岸觀(guān)火watching a fire from the other side of the river10.笑里藏刀covering the dagger with a smile11.李代桃僵palming off sub

6、stitute for the real thing12.順手牽羊picking up something in passing13.打草驚蛇beating the grass to frighten the snake14.借尸還魂resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse15.調(diào)虎離山luring the tiger out of his den16.欲擒故縱letting the enemy off in order to catch him17.拋磚引玉giving the enemy something to induce him t

7、o lose more valuable things18.擒賊擒王capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers19.釜底抽薪extracting the firewood from under the cauldron20.混水摸魚(yú)muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters21.金蟬脫殼slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada

8、 sloughing its skin22.關(guān)門(mén)捉賊catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route23.遠(yuǎn)交近攻befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy24.假途伐虢attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor25.偷梁換柱stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers26.指桑罵槐revi

9、ling/ abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry27.假癡不癲feigning madness without becoming insane28.上屋抽梯removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof29.樹(shù)上開(kāi)花putting artificial flowers on trees30.反客為主turning from the guest into the host 31.美人計(jì)using seductive women to corrupt th

10、e enemy32.空城計(jì)presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness33.反間計(jì)sowing discord among the enemy 34.苦肉計(jì)deceiving the enemy by torturing ones own man35.連環(huán)計(jì)coordinating one stratagem with another36.走為上計(jì)decamping being the best; running away as the best choice故曰：知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不貽；不知彼而知己，一勝一負(fù)；不知彼不知己，每戰(zhàn)必?cái)　?Hen

11、ce the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.故兵貴勝，不貴久。 In war, th

12、en, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.攻其無(wú)備，出其不意。 Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected. The system of the The Art of WarAccording to the modern military science system to analyze, The Art of Warcontains four levels ： 1 1、The concept of war “Be cau

13、tious in war ” 2 2、Strategic thinking“The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fight ” “dominate the enemy by striking first” 3 3、The tactical thought “To the people instead of having people ” ” “know yourself as well as the enemy” “To avoid real and imaginary attack ” Core4 4、Military

14、theory “Order of the symbol, equal to things” The practical application of The Art of War1 1、Art of Warin the military field Nearly 2500 years after the death of the famous Chinese military thinker Sun Tzu, the strategic thinking of being a profound impact on the modern battlefield. According to the

15、 data reported: the America held hundreds of lectures since the late 1970s, Art of Waris a book that the senior military academys student must learn .2 2、Art of War in the economic fieldSome of the MBA courses regardArt of War as a classic reference book。 American Marketing Master Philip Kotler also worked in itsMarketing managementdiscusses the art of war in the marketing 。In 50 years ，the Sony Corp holds “以正合，以奇勝”（宋）何去非（宋）何去非 3 3、How to understand the art of war i