課題_蒙肯紙 職稱英語衛(wèi)生C 新思維 簡明英漢詞典 第5版

1、蒙肯紙職稱英語衛(wèi)生C 新思維簡明英漢詞典第5版閱讀理解閱讀理解閱讀下面的短文。每篇短文的后面有五個問題,每個問題有四個備選答案。請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。第四十三篇 Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist Terrorist AttackIn the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center,structural engineers aretrying hard to solve a question that a month ago would have been complet

2、ely unthinkable:Canbuilding be designed to withstand catastrophic blasts inflicted by terrorists?Ten days after the terrorist attacks on the twin towers,structural engineers from the Universityat Buffalo and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEERheadquartered at UB t

3、raveled to ground zer02 as part of a project funded by the National ScienceFoundation. Visiting the site as part of an MCEER reconnaissance visit, they spent two daysbeginning the task of formulating ideas about how to design such structures and searching for clueson how to do so in buildings t at w

4、ere damaged,but still are standing3."Our objective in visiting ground zero was to go and look at the buildings surrounding theWorld Trade Center,those buildings that are still standing,but that sustained damage4," said M.Bruneau,Ph. D. " Our immediate hope is that we can develop a bet

5、ter understanding as to why thosebuildings remain standing, while our long-term goal is to see whether earthquake engineeringtechnologies can be married to existing technologies to achieve enhanced performance of buildings6in the event of terrorist attacks. " he added.Photographs taken by the i

6、nvestigators demonstrate in startling detail the monumental damageinflicted on the World Trade Center towers and buildings in the vicinity. One building a block awayfrom the towers remains standing,but was badly damaged. " This building is many meters away.fromthe World Trade Center and yet we

7、see a column there that used to be part of that building",explained A. Whittaker,Ph.D. "The column became a missile that shot across the road,through thewindow and through the floor. "The visit to the area also revealed some surprises,according to the engineers. For example,thefloor f

8、raming8 systems in one of the adjacent buildings was quite rugged,allowing floors that werepierced by tons of falling debris to remain intact9. "Highly redundant ductile framing systems mayprovide a simple,but robust strategy for blast resistance. " he added. Other strategies may includepr

9、oviding alternate paths for gravity loads in the event .that a load-bearing column fails. "We alsoneed a better understanding of the mechanism of collapse" , said A. Whittaker. " We need to find outwhat causes a building to collapse and how you can predict it. "A. Reinhom,Ph. D.

10、noted that " earthquake shaking has led to the collapse of many buildings inthe past. It induces dynamic response and extremely high stresses and deformations in structuralcomponents. Solutions developed forearthquake-resistant design may be directly applicable to blastengineering and terrorist

11、-resistant design. Part of our mission now at UB is to transfer these solutionsand to develop new ones where none exist at present. "詞匯:aftermath ':ftmæ 后果,結(jié)果 withstand wð'stænd 經(jīng)受住inflict n'flkt 使遭受,施加 reconnaissance rknsns 勘察;偵察in the vicinity 附近 debris debri: 碎片int

12、act n'tækt未受損傷的,完整無缺的ductile dktal 可伸展的,易變形的注釋:1.in the aftermath of:在(災難性的事件發(fā)生后的一段時間內(nèi)。例如:in the aftermath of the Second World War:第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后的時期2.ground zero:世界貿(mào)易中心(雙子塔被毀現(xiàn)場3.buildings that were damaged,but still are standing:那些已損壞但未倒塌的建筑4.but that sustained damage:但遭到了損壞。sustain:蒙受,遭受(傷害或損失

13、。5.whether earthquake engineering technologies can be married to existing technologies:抗震技術能否與現(xiàn)有的建筑技術相結(jié)合。be married to:與相結(jié)合。6.to achieve enhanced performance of buildings:以提高建筑的性能7.in startling detail:以令人吃驚的細節(jié)8.the floor framing:樓板骨架9.allowing floors that were pierced by tons of falling debris to re

14、main intact:那些被成噸的殘片擊穿的樓板得以完整無缺。練習:1. The question raised in the first paragraph is one_.A that was asked by structural ertgineers a month agoB that is too difficult for structural engineers to answer even nowC that was never thought of before the terrorist attackD that terrorists are eager to find

15、a solution to2. The project funded by the National Science Foundation_.A was first proposed by some engineers at UBB took about two days to completeC was to investigate the damage caused by the terrorist attackD was to find out why some buildings could survive the blasts3. The column mentioned by Dr

16、. Whittaker_.A was part of the building close to the World Trade CenterB was part of the World Trade CenterC was shot through the window and the floor of the World Trade CenterD damaged many buildings in the vicinity of the World Trade Center4.A surprising discovery made by the investigators during

17、their visit to ground zero is that_.A floors in the adjacent buildings remain undamagedB some floor framing systems demonstrate resistance to explosionC simple floor framing systems are more blast resistantD floors in one of the adjacent buildings were pierced by tons of debris5. What Dr. Reinhorn s

18、aid in the last paragraph may imply all the following EXCEPT that_.A blast engineers should develop new solutions for terror-resistant designB blast engineering can borrow technologies developed for terror-resistant designC solutions developed for earthquake-resistant design may apply to terrorist-r

19、esistant designD blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science答案與題解:1.C建筑設計是否能使建筑具有抵御恐怖襲擊的性能,是在一個月前世界貿(mào)易中心受到襲擊之前人們從未想過的一個問題。這是第一段的主要內(nèi)容。所以,只有C是正確答案。2.D A不是正確選項,因為文章沒有提及誰首先提出這個項目。B或C都不是文章所述的內(nèi)容。答案可以在第三段中找到。3.A we see a column there that used to be part of that building這里的that building指的是the build

20、ing many meters away from the World Trade Center.4.B 選項A不是正確答案,因為文章說,the floor framing systems in one of the adjacentbuildingsremain intactoC不是文章表述的內(nèi)容。D在文中提到,但不是 a surprising.discovery。只有B是正確答案。5.D選項A的內(nèi)容是正確的,根據(jù)是本段最后一句(“develop new ones"。選項B和C 的內(nèi)容也是正確的,根據(jù)是本段最后兩句(關鍵詞是applicable和transfer。只有D是答案,因為

21、Reinhorn沒有說:Blast engineering emerges as a new branch of science.譯文第四十三篇建筑設計能使建筑抵御恐怖襲擊嗎在世貿(mào)中心遭受恐怖襲擊后一段時間內(nèi),建筑工程師們試圖解決一個在一個月前人們從未想過的問題:建筑設計能使建筑具有抵御恐怖襲擊的性能嗎?恐怖分子襲擊雙子塔10天后,布法羅大學的建筑工程師和總部設在布法羅大學多學科中心的地震工程研究所作為國家科學基金出資的一個項目的一部分來到了世貿(mào)中心被毀現(xiàn)場。參觀了地震研究所部分人員考察的地點,他們用了2天時間開始將如何設計抵抗襲擊的建筑的想法系統(tǒng)化并且在那些已損壞但未倒塌的建筑中尋找如何設計

22、的線索。“我們考察被毀現(xiàn)場的目的是去看看世貿(mào)中心周圍的建筑,那些被損壞但沒倒塌的建筑。”M. Brunean博士說?！拔覀儺斍暗脑竿悄軐δ切┙ㄖ]倒塌的原因有更好的認識,而我們的長遠目標是看能否將抗震技術與現(xiàn)有建筑技術結(jié)合以提高在恐怖襲擊事件中建筑的性能?！彼a充說。研究者拍攝的照片以驚人的細節(jié)展示了恐怖襲擊對世貿(mào)中心及其附近建筑造成的嚴重損壞j一幢離世貿(mào)中心一街區(qū)遠的建筑雖被嚴重損壞但未倒塌,?！斑@幢建筑離世貿(mào)中心數(shù)英米遠,然而我們在被毀現(xiàn)場還看到過去曾是其一部分的一個圓柱”,A.Whittaker博士說,“這個圓柱充當了一枚發(fā)射物,跨過了道路,穿過了窗戶和樓層?！睋?jù)工程師們說,在被毀現(xiàn)場

23、的考察也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令人驚奇的事。例如,附近一幢建筑的樓板骨架系統(tǒng)非常堅固,這使那些被成噸的殘片擊穿的樓板得以完整無缺?！案叨瘸浞值纳煺沟墓羌芟到y(tǒng)可以為具有抗爆炸性能提供簡單而有效的方法?！彼a充說。其他方法可以包括在承重部分失去作用時為重力的下落提供多種途徑?！拔覀円残枰玫卣J識倒塌的過程”, A.Whittaker說,“我們需要找到是什么引起建筑倒塌和如何對其進行預測?！盇.Reinhorn博士特別提到“在過去,地震造成的震動使許多建筑物倒塌。它引起動力的反應、極強的壓力和建筑結(jié)構(gòu)部分變形?？拐鹦阅茉O計的發(fā)展也許可直接適用于爆炸工程和抗襲擊性能的設計,我們在布法羅大學任務的一部分是吸收這些

24、解決方法并找到未知的新方法?！钡谒氖钠?Americans Get TouchyThe New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyonethey see. Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off "What's up!" to thehandshake or high-five2. For young people across the country,huggi

25、ng is the new "Hello".Girls are hugging girls. Boys are hugging boys. Girls and boys are hugging each other. And,like every major trend,there are lots of variations on the form. There's the classic,full-body,arms-around-the-person bear hug,the casual one-armed side hug,the group hug an

26、d the hug from behind.There's the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.As trends go, this one seems pretty innocent. But some parents, teachers and schooladministrators are worried nonetheless. Will young people who aren't as comfortable with physical

27、contact feel peer pressured into hugging? Will kids who don't receive hugs feel left out'3 ? Could anextra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?In response to some of these concerns,some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminatehugging.One school head

28、 has created a three-second limitation4 for hugs at her school. A fewschools have taken even more drastic measures,placing a ban on all forms of touching betweenstudents.A few important points are being left out of the discussion. While the US has traditionally beenreserved about touching - saving h

29、ugs and kisses for relatives,romantic partners and very closefriends - people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.In Latin America or Westem Europe,in countries like Spain,France,and Italy,a kiss on thecheek is common among women,as well as among women an

30、d men who are not romanticallyinvolved. The cheek-kiss varies by region. Sometimes it is just an air kiss blown past the face. Inother places,the proper way of greeting is to deliver _a kiss upon both cheeks,or sometimes even atriplet of kisses performed by kissing one cheek,then the other,then back

31、 to the first.Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men,but in somecountries like Turkey,it's not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on thecheek. Meanwhile,for the Maori people of New Zealand,a traditional greeting called the "hongi&q

32、uot;involves pressing noses together.So,from a global perspective,the new trend of teen hugging in America is not so " new"after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello, and Americans are just nowjoining in.詞匯:touchy 'tt 易怒的;敏感的harassment 'hærsmnt 騷擾triplet

33、 'trplt 三個一組;三件一套注釋:1.touchy的本意為“易怒的”“敏感的”,這里用來指“喜歡肢體接觸的”,標題意味美國人越來越喜歡肢體接觸了。2.high-five:是美國文化手勢的一種,并沒有正式的中文名稱,一般代表了“慶祝成功的擊掌”,有時也寫成“Give me - five”。3.feel left out:感到被排斥4.three-second limitation:學校制定的將擁抱限制在三秒鐘之內(nèi)的規(guī)定5.Maori people:毛利人(新西蘭的土著練習:1. The word "practically" in the first paragr

34、aph could be best replaced by.A certainlyB nearlyC activelyD voluntarily2. Which of the following is NOT among the typical ways of greetings in the past?A Hands off "What's up".B Handshake.C High-five.D Embrace.3. Some parents,teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of

35、 hugging for thefollowing reasons EXCEPT_.A Some young people get involved into the trend due to peer pressureB Those who don't receive hugs feel left outC There's the danger that hugging slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassmentD Diseases could be transmitted more easily th

36、rough the extra-long body contact4. Which of the following statements is true according to-the passage?A Teenagers across the US hug everyone they see in nearly the same way.B Although some adults worry about the trend,few measures have been taken to ban on it.C Traditionally,the US people have been

37、 reserved about hugging between anybody.D In some countries,it's usual for men to kiss each other on the cheek.5. We can infer that the author holds a_attitude toward the new trend of hugging.A positiveB negativeC indifferentD conservative答案與題解:1.B文章開篇第一句話意為“紐約時報最近報道,美國的青少年現(xiàn)在幾乎見到每一個人都會擁抱”?！皃ract

38、ically”常來表達“nearly”“almost”的意思。2.D第一段中列舉了過去美國人見面打招呼的常見方式,不包括“擁抱”。3.D第三段談及成年人對青少年越來越多地以擁抱的方式打招呼這一趨勢所表達的關切,包括擔心有一些人純粹因為來自同伴的壓力而不得不接受這樣一種方式,擔心那些不接受擁抱這種打招呼方式的人有被邊緣化的感覺,甚至擔心見面擁抱會成為性騷擾的保護外衣。但沒有提及對擁抱可能更容易傳播疾病有所擔心。4.D倒數(shù)第二段中,作者談到在一些國家,比如土耳其,男人見面時互相親吻臉頰很正常。5.A從整篇文章的內(nèi)容來看,作者對擁抱成為美國年輕人間打招呼的方式這一趨勢持一個比較積極的態(tài)度。他認為其他

39、文化中這樣一種方式已經(jīng)存在了很長的時間,從全球范圍來看,美國人僅僅是才加入而已。譯文第四十四篇越來越愛肢體接觸的美國人紐約時報最近報道,美國的青少年現(xiàn)在幾乎見到每一個人都會擁抱。與過去見面時的握手問候到分別時的擊掌再見不同的是,如今的青少年選擇擁抱為他們最新的問候方式。女孩兒擁抱女孩兒,男孩兒擁抱男孩兒,女孩子和男孩子之間互相擁抱。并且,最新的潮流是,擁抱的形式有了多種多樣的變化。有古典式的、全身的、手臂環(huán)繞對方身體的擁抱或是隨意的單臀搭肩,群體擁抱和從背后擁抱。握手逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變成擁抱,而擁抱又將簡化為背后的輕輕一拍。表面看起來這股流行思潮很簡單。然而,一些父母、老師和學校管理人員對青少年越來越多

40、地以擁抱的方式打招呼這一趨勢表示關切。包括擔心有一些人純粹因為來自同伴的壓力而不得不接受這樣一種方式,擔心那些不接受擁抱這種打招呼方式的人有被邊緣化的感覺,甚至擔心見面擁抱會成為性騷擾的保護外衣。為了回應社會的這些質(zhì)疑,一些學校已經(jīng)建立了一些新的規(guī)章來限制和減少擁抱。一位學校的領導提出了將擁抱限制在三秒鐘之內(nèi)的倡議。一些學校甚至在此方面實施了更為嚴格的規(guī)定,甚至嚴禁任何形式的學生之間的擁抱。.這場社會大討論忽視了一些重要的方面。比如,美國從傳統(tǒng)來講在擁抱和親戚間、戀人間、朋友間互相擁吻方面就很保守,然而,在世界的一些其他國家,人們世世代代都這樣互相問候。在拉丁美洲或西歐,如西班牙、法國、意大利

41、,女人之間,甚至不很熟悉的男女之間互相親吻面頰都是很常見的。面頰親吻有著地域的不同。有時僅僅是擦過臉頰的一吻。在其他地方,最正確的問候是在臉頰兩側(cè)各吻一下,甚至有時會再重復親吻第一次吻過的面頰。拉丁美洲的男人之間更傾向于問候時候互相握手。但是在一些其他國家,如土耳其,男人見面時互相親吻臉頰很正常。而新西蘭的毛利人的一種名為“洪基”的問候方式是互相碰觸鼻子。所以,從全球范圍來講,美國青少年的互相擁抱畢竟不算是什么新鮮事。全世界的人們都拉近了問候的距離,美國人僅僅是才加入而已。第四十五篇 Women Staying in Mini-skirts for LongerBritish women ar

42、e happy nowadays to wear mini-skirts up until the age of 40,according toresearch by Debenhams.Just 20 years ago,few women would dare to wear a mini-skirt after the age of 33,the storesaid. "It shows that women now have an increasing confidence in their bodies and are happy todress accordingly&q

43、uot; , it added in a statement. "If this trend continues,there's no doubt that,within thenext decade,women in their mid 40s and early 50s will rightly regard a mini-skirt as an essentialpart of their everyday wardrobe. "The figures emerged when the store examined the latest age profile

44、 of women buying short,36-cm skirts over the past six months. Their results show thatit has jumped from an average age of 36-years-old at the start of millennium' t0 40 today. Figures from 1980 showed that on average womenstopped buying minis when they reached 33 years old - a figure unchanged f

45、rom the mid-1960s.The store noted that experts believe that the popularity of intensive gym culture2,providingwomen with well toned bodies3 for longer may be the reason. The increasing number of Britishwomen living on their own may also be a factor.The Debenhams' study showed that a modern woman

46、's love affair with a mini-skirt begins atthe age of 14 but that she doesn't buy her first one until the age of 16. Instead,she flouts schoolrules by rolling up the waistband of the school uniform to give the impression of wearing a miniskirt.Skirts get shorter between the ages of 16 and 19,

47、reducing in size from 46 to 36 cm beforereaching their shortest,a mere 32 cm,at the age of 23. Skirt length increases slightly between theages of 23 and 27,rising t0 37 cm,possibly due to girls being in their first stable relationship,withno desire to attract attention,the store said.However,it foun

48、d short skirts suddenly zoom in populanty between the ages of 27 and 34,asthose early relationships break down,and new relationships are formed. The move int0 10nger skirtsbegins irreversibly at 40 years old,when 46cm skirts,still slightly above the knee are the norm.From then on,skirt length increa

49、ses dramatically,falling below the knee for the very first time sinceschool days at the age of 42.詞匯:millennium m'lenm n. 千禧年 gym dm n. 健身房注釋:1.這里指公元2000年。2.gym culture:指英國現(xiàn)在流行的去健身房健身的趨勢。3.well toned bodies:指結(jié)實而線條良好的體形。練習:1. Debenhams could most possibly be_.Aa fashion magazineBa lifestyle assoc

50、iationC an expert on trendsDa department store2. According to the passage,British women are happy to wear mini-skirts up until an older agebecause of the following reasons EXCEPT:A Women are more and more confident in their bodies.B Women nowadays pay much more attention to body building,and this pr

51、ovides them withwell toned bodies to wear mini-skirts.C The Climate of Great Britain are getting warmer in recent years,thus women can wear minisfor a longer time.D More and more women are now living on their own.3. We can infer from the second and third paragraph that in 1970sAa lot of women dared

52、to wear mini-skirts at the age of 40B most women between 33 and 36 were still happy to wear mini-skirtsC even women in their early 50s rightly regarded amini-skirt as an essential part of theireveryday wardrobeD most women no longer wore mini-skirts when they reach the age of 334. Which of the follo

53、wing statements about the length of the mini-skirts is true?A At the age of 14,girls often wear mini-skirts which are about 46cm in size.B Girls at the age of 19 wear the shortest mini-skirts.C At the age of 23,most girls wear mini-skirts which are 37cm long.D From the age of 23,skirt length increas

54、es because girls are in their first stable relationship.5. The word "zoom" in the first sentence of the last paragraph can be best replaced by_.A soarB decreaseC hold steadyD drop答案與題解:1.D從第二段的第一句話可知Debenhams是一個百貨公司的名稱。2.C英國女性愿意穿超短裙人群的年齡有上升的趨勢,主要是因為人們越來越自信,注意健身保持體形,以及女性生活更加獨立。氣候變暖不是文中所說的原因

55、之一。3.D第三段說從20世紀60年代開始一直到80年代,調(diào)查都顯示女性到33歲之后普遍不再購買超短裙。4.D從倒數(shù)第二段可知,從23歲開始,女性所穿著的超短裙長度從32 cm漸增至37 cm,主要是因為這個階段她們普遍有了穩(wěn)定的戀愛關系。5.A "zoom”意為迅速增長,故A是最佳答案。譯文第四十五篇女性穿超短裙時間更長根據(jù)Debenhams百貨公司的調(diào)查,英國女性在40歲之前鐘情于穿超短裙?？删驮?0年前,只有很少數(shù)的女性在33歲以后還敢穿超短裙。Debenhams百貨公司透露,這表明現(xiàn)代女性對自己身材的信心與日俱增,并在一份聲明中補充到現(xiàn)代女性也很喜歡穿衣打扮,如果這個趨勢繼續(xù)

56、下去的話,那么在下個10年的時間里40歲中到50歲初的英國女性的衣櫥無疑將被超短裙占據(jù)。百貨公司調(diào)查顯示,在過去6個月購買36厘米長的超短裙的女性的最新年齡分布出現(xiàn)了新的數(shù)字。他們的研究結(jié)果表明,在新千年開始之際,平均年齡已由36歲上升到40歲。1980年的數(shù)字顯示,平均起來,當達到33歲時女性就停止購買迷你裙了這一數(shù)字從20世紀60年代中期一直沒有改變。百貨公司注意到,專家相信高密度的健身文化的流行,給女性更加長時間地保持良好體形提供了依據(jù)。英國生活獨立的女性越來越多也是其中一個因素。Debenhams百貨公司調(diào)查表明,現(xiàn)代女性開始喜穿超短裙開始于14歲,但直到16歲才開始購買自己的第一條超

57、短裙。取而代之的是她會藐視校規(guī)把校服的腰帶向上卷,給別人穿起短裙的感覺。16歲到19歲之間裙子變得越來越短,從46厘米減少到36厘米,23歲時達到32厘米,達到最短。23歲到27歲迷你裙長度又逐漸增長,增加到37厘米,可能是由于女孩感情第一次穩(wěn)定下來,沒有再去吸引人的必要。百貨公司報道說。然而,由于女孩第一次感情的破裂,新關系的形成,從27歲到34歲超短裙又突然流行起來。40歲時超短裙又開始變長,達46厘米,稍稍在膝蓋上面是標準的流行模式。從那時起,超短裙的長度急劇增長,在42歲時又達到膝蓋以下,這是自從離開校門后首次達到膝蓋以下。第四十六篇 Defending the Theory of E

58、volution' Still Seems NeededJudith S.Weis,a biology professor who serves as2 president of the American Institute ofBiological Sciences( AIBSis leading a nationwide effort to "defend" the'theory of evolution. Weisleads the effort in the face of what the institute views as opposition

59、 and indifference from schoolboards and govemment entities3.The Institute believes that the teaching of evolution in America is being diminished by theteaching of creationism as well as by an overall lack of teaching Darwin's4 theory in high school.“There's nothing that requires schools to teach evolution. Sometimes teachers in high schools just1eave it out5. However, from the point of view of biologists,evolution is the central theory ofbiology upon which everything is ba