時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)及練習(xí)答案

1、 復(fù)習(xí)： 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)VS被動(dòng)語態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí) 時(shí)態(tài)的基本判定方法：1、 時(shí)間狀語同時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)系：一般情況下，簡(jiǎn)單句可根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語確定謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。其 判定方式如下：1、句中含有yesterday; last year（last + 具體時(shí)間）; two days ago（一段時(shí)間 + ago）; just now; this morning; in 2008（in + 過去的年代）; the other day; over the weekend等時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；2、句中含有tomorrow; next week（next +具體時(shí)間）; in two hours（in

2、+一段時(shí)間）; (how) soon; from now on; 10 years from now（一段時(shí)間+from now）; in the future; in 2012（in +將來的年代）; by (the end of) next month（by+將來時(shí)間）; for the weekend; this afternoon; this evening; tonight; this weekend等時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)；3、句中含有recently; in the last/past two years（in the last/past+一段時(shí)間）; over the

3、 years（over the+一段時(shí)間）; since 2005（since+具體時(shí)間或從句）; for two years（for+一段時(shí)間，句中無其它時(shí)間狀語）; before（單獨(dú)用于句尾）等時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；4、句中既有yesterday等過去時(shí)間狀語，又有一個(gè)具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)（at 5:00; this time; at that time）時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；5、by (the end of) last year（by+過去時(shí)間）; two days before（一段時(shí)間+before）; for和since說明的時(shí)間同時(shí)用于句中;by the time + 從

4、句（過去時(shí)態(tài)）等時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)；6、簡(jiǎn)單句中如不含上述時(shí)間狀語或有含說話時(shí)間在內(nèi)的表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間關(guān)系的詞語時(shí)（如now; today; these days等詞），其時(shí)態(tài)的判定一般按以下步驟進(jìn)行：  - 句中是否含有表示頻率關(guān)系的詞。如有，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；   - 句子是否說明客觀規(guī)律。如是，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；   - 句中動(dòng)詞是否表示狀況。如是，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；   - 句中動(dòng)詞是否為延續(xù)性動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如是，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；   - 句中動(dòng)詞是否為完成性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)詞）。如是，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。二、主從

5、句時(shí)態(tài)的一致性原則：主從復(fù)合句可根據(jù)其時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則，通過主從句中任意一個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)確定另外一個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)；含有時(shí)間狀語從句的主從句還可通過其引導(dǎo)詞所表示的不同時(shí)間關(guān)系，確定主句和從句的時(shí)態(tài)。三、通過上下文關(guān)系判定時(shí)態(tài)：另外我們還可以根據(jù)并列謂語的時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則、問句和答語的時(shí)態(tài)一致關(guān)系、無轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)間的短文時(shí)態(tài)一致原則等上下文時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)聯(lián)以及句子的邏輯關(guān)系來判定句子中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(    )1. What _ you _ over the weekend?       

6、0; A. will; do           B. does; do           C. did; do         D. were,; doing(    )2. Xiao Li usually _ to school by bike last year. A.

7、goes                 B. went                 C. will go          D. is going(   

8、 )3. What _ in our town 100 years from now?          A. happened         B. is happened      C. has happened   D. will happen(    )4. Mr. Smith _ to see you in

9、an hour. A. Came  B. has come C. will come  D. comes(    )5. _ you _ from your parents recently?         A. Did; hear         B. Have; heard     C. Do; hear   &

10、#160;      D. Will; hear(    )6. We _ TV at home this time last night. A. were watching  B. watched           C. have watched   D. would watch(    )7. We _ over 1500 English words

11、by the end of last month.          A. have learned     B. had learned      C. will learn        D. learnt(    )8. She _ in Shanghai for ten years since 1992. A. has

12、lived          B. had lived          C. lived            D. will live(    )9. She _ in Shanghai for ten years. A. has lived   B. h

13、ad lived  C. lived  D. will live(    )10. We all know that the earth _ round the sun. A. goes                 B. went             

14、    C. is going            D. will go(    )11. “Where are the boys?”   “They _ soccer on the playground.” A. play            B. are playing 

15、         C. were playing    D. played(    )12. Look! Lucy _ under the tree. A. reads               B. is reading        

16、 C. was reading      D. read(    )13. He _ more than 200 model cars in the last five years. A. has collected     B. had collected    C. collected          D. will collect(   &

17、#160;)14. Jim _ a letter to his parents at 7:30 last night. A. had written      B. wrote               C. would write      D. was writing(    )15. The Smiths _ in Be

18、ijing since two weeks ago. A. stayed                     B. were staying     C. would stay        D. have stayed(    )16. “When _

19、you _ the bike?”   “Last Monday.” A. have; bought    B. did; buy         C. will; buy         D. do; buy(    )17. Look! The boy _English now. A. likes  B. liked  C.

20、is liking  D. was liking(    )18. Most students in our class _ TV twice a week. A. watch               B. watched            C. will watch   

21、;      D. are watching(    )19. How soon _ they _ back from work? A. do; come          B. did; come         C. have; come      D. will; come(  &#

22、160; )20. “Where _ you _ Mr. Li?”  “In his office, half an hour ago.” A. will; see           B. did; see            C. have, seen         &#

23、160;    D. do; see( )61. How long have you _ the pen? A. kept B. bought C. borrowed D. got( )62. I _ Mr. Brown since I left Shanghai in 2004.A. have seen B. saw C. havent seen D. didnt see( )63. You dont have to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet( )

24、64. I _ a cold for five days. I still cant get rid of it.A. caughtB. hadC. have caught D. have had( )65. What _ you _ at nine oclock that morning?A. are; doingB. did; doC. were; doingD. had; done( )66. What _ you _ by nine oclock that morning?A. are; doingB. did; doC. were; doingD. had; done( )67. T

25、he sign _, “ No Parking!” A. reads B. was read C. is reading D. read( )68. “_ you _ your lunch?” “Yes. I _ it at school.”A. Did; have; have hadB. Have; had; hadC. Did; have; hadD. Have; had; have( )69. Lily _ for her mother until she _ home.A. will wait; will comeB. wont wait; comesC. will wait; com

26、es D. waits; will come( )70. “Mr. Brown is leaving for a trip.” “Really? Where _ he _?”A. has; goneB. will; goC. did; goD. does; go( )71. Tom, you _ the book for two weeks. You have to return it now.A. borrowedB. have borrowedC. keptD. have kept( )72. “Have you mended your shoes?” “Yes. I _ it twent

27、y minutes ago.”A. have mended B. mendedC. had mended D. will mend( )73. Mr. Smith _ to China last year and _ in love with her.A. goes; fallsB. went; fellC. went; feltD. has gone; fell( )74. If you dont go to the meeting tomorrow, _. A. he will, too B. he wont, either C. he does, too D. he doesnt, ei

28、ther( )75. “Shall we go watching the match?” “Sorry, I cant. I _ my homework.”A. doB. have doneC. am doingD. did( )76. The children wont go hiking if it _ next Sunday.A. rainB. rainsC. will rainD. is raining( )77. “_ you _ to Japan?” “Yes. I will go there next month.”A. Have; been B. Have; goneC. Ar

29、e; going D. Did; go( )78. When I got there, the film _ for five minutes.A. had been on B. had begunC. was beginning D. began( )79. Dont open the door until the bus _.A. will stop B. doesnt stopB. C. is stopping D. stops( )80. “_ you _ to Japan?” “Yes. We went there last year.”A. Have; beenB. Have; g

30、oneC. Did; goD. Are; going .被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)1. 被 動(dòng) 語 態(tài) 的 使 用 (1).當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by 短語。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ” (只是告訴老師杯子壞了，不知是誰弄壞的，或不想說出誰弄壞的)。 (2).突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。 These records were made by John. (3).當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in + 名詞作狀語，而代替 b

31、y 短語。 These cars were made in China. 2. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法賓變主，主變賓，謂變be done，時(shí)不變，數(shù)格必須隨被變。(1)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。 “賓變主”(2)把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。 “ ( be過去分詞)”(根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式)。(3)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。 “賓變主”Tom killed me. 主語 謂語 賓語 I was killed by Tom.主語 謂語 賓語3. 語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題:被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化

32、 主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式完全一樣。 (1). 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正確) A new computer have been bought. (錯(cuò)誤)（2). 含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語為主語時(shí)比較多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was

33、given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：因?yàn)?give sth to sb， 是固定搭配 A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞 to，如：死記嘛！bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 V sb sth = V sth to sb eg: My bike was lent to

34、her. 一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語前用介詞 for, 如：死記嘛！buy, cook, choose, do, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 V sb sth = V sth for sb eg: Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) 有些既不用to 也不用for, 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。 He ask me a question. (A question was asked of me. ) People all over

35、the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用by短語) （3）.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后都帶to，這時(shí)不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不存在省略to 的問題。 We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the gui

36、tar. 4. 不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)happen(發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)), take place（發(fā)生）, appear（出現(xiàn)）, hold（容納）被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（二）單項(xiàng)選擇1. Good books _ again and again.A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ought to read2. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked3. He _ some pieces of a

37、dvice, but he _ to them.A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listenedC. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen4. When_ the accident _ ?A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened5. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discussC. i

38、s going to be discussed D. has been discussed6. The lab _ about five years ago.A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up8. They _ printing 500 copies by the e

39、nd of last month.A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown10. He _ by the teachers.A. is always praised B. praises C. have been praised D. always is praised11. Great changes _ place. Many

40、new schools_ .A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are openC. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened12. The picture_ in October, 1996.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken13. We can't use the bridge now, because it_ .A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repa

41、ired D. is being repaired14. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing15. The war_ in 1941.A. broke out B. had been broken outC. was broken out D. had broken out16. When water_ , it will be changed into vapor.A. is heated B. heating C . has

42、heated D. heats17. We can't enter the room because its door_ .A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking18. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are made to workC. made to be worked D. are making to work19. Chang'an Road is _of people.A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled20. Man-made sat

43、ellites _into space by many countries.A. was sent up B. is sent upC. have been sent up D. has been sent up21. This English song _ often _ by the children.A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung22.The windows of our house _once a week.A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are c

44、leaned23. When _ the People's Republic of China_ ?A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found24. Mary's radio _ by my brother just now.A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended25. Your exercise books _ after class.A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in26. Some trees may _ at other times of the year.A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted27. The sun _ at night as usual.A