情態(tài)動詞講義及答案

1、情態(tài)動詞（講義）一、can, could, may, might 表示請求許可1. 區(qū)別Can I take the book away? Could I take the book away? May I take the book away? Might I take the book away?語氣的委婉程度從高到低為 can, could, may, might。2. can, could, may, might 表示請求許可時的回答。Can you give me another chance?Yes, I can.No, I cant.Could I look at your pi

2、ctures?Yes, of course you ./I am sorry you .用 could 提問，表示“能嗎？”，若表示同意用 can，不同意用 cant，注意不用 could 來回答。May I speak to you for a moment in private, please?May 表示請求許可時，常常與第一人稱 I 連用，構成“May I?” 句式，表示“我可以嗎？”肯定回答用 Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / Yes, of course.否定回答用 No, you cant. / No, you mustnt. ()May I smok

3、e here? , you . It can be dangerous.A. Yes; canB. No; cant C. Yes; may D. No; neednt Might I come in?Might I borrow some money?might 用于禮貌的詢問是否能做某事，常出現(xiàn)在口語中，用法稍顯過時?？隙ɑ卮鹜ǔＳ?may，否定回答可以用 cant 或者 mustnt。練習：()Can I get you a drink? . I am not thirsty.A. Thats very nice of youB. No, you dont have toC. Yes,

4、pleaseD. With pleasure()May I leave the classroom now?1No, you . You shouldnt leave until the bell rings.A. may notB. cantC. needntD. couldnt()you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the telephone number.A. NeedB. CouldC. MustD. Should ()Could I use your eraser for a while?Yes, of course you .A. co

5、uldB. willC. canD. should二、情態(tài)動詞和短語情態(tài)動詞1. 情態(tài)動詞needThe little girl needs to get some sleep.I needed two more days to finish the work. Do you need to have some coffee?need 作實義動詞，有人稱，時態(tài)的變化。接動詞時，用動詞不定式。Need I come here before eight tomorrow morning?No, you neednt.need 作情態(tài)動詞時，常用于否定句和疑問句中。判斷下列句子中的 need 屬于實

6、義動詞還是情態(tài)動詞Tom needs to have a rest after a days working. Need I pay the dishes now? He didnt need to go the hospital. He neednt have gone to hospitalhe only had a cold. dare v. 敢 于I would never dare to steal things from stores. Do you dare to tell her what I said?I didnt dare to look at him.I darent

7、tell my mother the truth.dare 可以做實義動詞，后面接動詞不定式（口語中 to 可以省略） 也可做情態(tài)動詞，常用于否定句和疑問句。shallWe shall be away next week.I shall be in Henan next Friday.I/we shall，用于表示未來要做的事。Shall I open the window?Shall we meet at six, OK? What shall I make for dinner?shall I/we，好嗎？要不要？用于提建議或要求他人做請補充完整下面的對話A: How can we go

8、there? B: We can go there by bus.A: How long will it take us to get there? B: About half an hour.A: ?B: Lets meet at the bus stop at 7 oclock.2. 短語情態(tài)動詞have to“不得不”，使用時有人稱和時態(tài)的變化。 My brother has to eat an egg every day.You dont have to be here tomorrow.had better“最好”You had better stay at home tomorro

9、w, for it will rain heavily. Tina had better not put off the plan because it is very important. 否定形式為 had better notwould rather “寧愿”I would rather go there with you.我寧愿不去電影院。I would rather not go to the cinema. 否 定 形 式 為 would rather not ought to1）表義務，意為"應該"（因責任、義務等該做），口氣比 should稍重。You ar

10、e his father. You ought to take care of him. You ought not to smoke so much.2）表推測，暗含很大的可能，語氣較弱，可翻譯為“應該吧”。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.三、情態(tài)動詞加完成時1. 情態(tài)動詞表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測Its just five oclock. Mary must be staying on bed now.3肯定推測That cant

11、 be Tom. He went to Beijing yesterday.否定推測He may/might be in China now.可能性推測2. 情態(tài)動詞表示對過去情況的推測must have doneHe must have arrived in Henan at that time.Lucy must have finished the book before she returned it.昨晚一定有人進來這個房間了。Somebody in the room last night.must have done 對過去的肯定推測，翻譯為“一定了”。cant have doneM

12、iss Li cant have gone to Shanghai. I met her yesterday.He cant have done that because he stayed with me at that time.cant have done，對過去的否定推測，翻譯為“不可能做了”。Jimmy 不可能打掃了房子，因為他昨天就不在家。Jimmy cant have cleaned up the house because he was not at home yesterday.3. 情態(tài)動詞表示對過去情況的虛擬should have doneTom, you are too

13、 lazy. The work should have been finished yesterda. You should have told me about it earlier.My father should have got home at seven but his car broke off on the way.should have done 翻譯為“本應該了（但實際沒有）”（也可用 ought to have done）我本就應該知道他是在騙我的。I that he was lying to me.neednt have doneYou neednt have done

14、it by yourself. You could ask others for help. My mom neednt have told me these words. I knew how to do it.I needn't have bought so much foodonly five people came. neednt have done 翻譯為“本不應該做（實際做了）”。could have doneYou could have got higher scores.4I could have been there yesterday, but I met Tom

15、on the way.could have done “本能夠”（實際未能做某事）練習：() The ground is wet. It have rained last night.A. cantB. needntC. shouldD. must() Mr. Smith have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.A. mustB. needntC. cantD. should() Theyhave finished the work yesterday, but it was raining hard.A. mus

16、tB. couldC. shouldD. neednt() I have bought so much wineonly five people came.A. couldB. mustC. needntD. should四、情態(tài)動詞考點總結1. ?？键c：通過語境分析說話人語氣，選用最合適的情態(tài)動詞()Look out! The knife is very sharp. You cut your finger.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. may ()In order to speak English better, we _ be afraid of losingfac

17、e. Remember, practice makes perfect.A. shouldB. shouldntC. have toD. must ()You stop when the traffic light turns red.A. canB. had betterC. needD. must ()Theres enough time for you to go to the airport. You hurry now.A. shouldB. needntC. mustD. cant2. ?？键c：情態(tài)動詞與一般現(xiàn)在時連用，表示對現(xiàn)在的推測。()Is Mr. Hu in the rea

18、ding room?No, he be there. He has gone to Tianjin.A. mustntB. needntC. wontD. cant ()This book Lucys. look! Her name is on the bookcover.A. must beB. may beC. cant beD. mustnt be()This pair of shoes belong to Jack. He likes this kind very much.5It be his. Its too large for him.A. can; cantB. may; ne

19、edntC. must; mustntD. must; cant3. ?？键c：mustnt 與 must 問句的回答()According to the traffic laws, people _ drive after drinking wine or beer.A. wouldntB. couldntC. needntD. mustnt ()Must we leave now?No, we . We still have two more hours.A. cantB. mustntC. needntD. shouldnt ()Miss Li, must we hand in our h

20、omework right now?No, you . You can hand in it tomorrow.A. dontB. mustntC. needntD. may not ()Tom, you _ play with the knife. Youhurtyourself.A. wont; cantB. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; mustD. cant; should4. ?？键c：can, could, may, might 表請求許可時的回答。()May I leave now?No, you . You should wait here until lunc

21、htime.A. cantB. needntC. couldntD. wont ()Could I have another candy, mom?No, you . Its bad for your teeth.A. couldntB. needntC. cantD. shouldntExercises一、單項選擇()1. Can I borrow your ruler, please?Yes, you _ . But you must return it before lunchtime.A. haveB. canC. mustD. used to()2.you wait a few mo

22、re minutes? Itll be your turn soon.A. MustB. ShouldC. CouldD. Might ()3. I try on these shoes in the window? . They are just on show.6A. Could; Yes, you canB. Can; Sorry, you couldntC. Could; Sorry, you cantD. Can; Yes, you could()4. Amy, I hear youve got many foreign coins. I have a look?Of course,

23、 Ill fetch them for you.A. MayB. MustC. ShouldD. Need ()5. May I smoke here?Im sorry you . It is dangerous to smoke at gas station.A. needntB. couldnt C. shouldntD. mustnt() 6. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs it every day.A. practice to speakB. to practice speakingC. practice spe

24、akingD. to practice to speak ()7. Shall we take a taxi?No, we . Its not far from here.A. cantB. mustntC. shouldntD. neednt()8. What do you want to eat for lunch? I will prepare earlier today.Honey, you . Lets go out to have something different.A. mustntB. cantC. shouldntD. dont have to() 9. Its rath

25、er hot in the room. Youd better the windows or the door.A. closeB. not to closeC. dont closeD. not close()10. The students ought to wear school uniforms when theyre at school. 劃線部分可以替換為： A. mustB. would like to C. shouldD. love to()11. Harryhave won the speech contesteasily yesterday, but he gave up

26、.A. couldB. mightC. shouldD. must()12. The weather was fine yesterday. I _my umbrella with me .A. should have takenC. needn't have takenD. mustn't have taken ()13. I didnt hear the phone. I asleep.A. must beB. must have beenC. should beD. should have been ()14. He is not poor. You have lent

27、him the money.A. cantB. needntC. couldntD. mustnt()15. Ihere in time, but I met an old friend of mine. I stopped and talked with him for some time.A. shouldnt have comeB. must have comeC. neednt have comeD. could have come()16. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting.A.

28、mustnt have spokenB. mightnt have spokenC. cant have spokenD. shouldnt have spoken ()17. Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?Sorry, I cant. Itake care of my little sister at home.A. canB. mayC. wouldD. have to ()18. What will the weather be like tomorrow?It be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows?A. mustB. mightC. shallD. should ()19. How was the party last night, Mark?It was great. You come.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. may ()20. Will you stay for some more