中考英語補(bǔ)全對(duì)話的答題技巧教學(xué)教材

1、中考英語補(bǔ)全對(duì)話的答題技巧補(bǔ)全對(duì)話又稱為情景對(duì)話。 主要是考查學(xué)生的口語能力和對(duì)英語的應(yīng)對(duì)習(xí)慣。 下面我從以下 幾個(gè)方面談?wù)勊拿}趨勢(shì)和解題技巧。一、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話常見的題型有 :1. 填單詞補(bǔ)全對(duì)話 ;2. 寫句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話 ;3. 選句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話 ;4. 選單詞補(bǔ)全對(duì)話 ;5. 對(duì)話排序。本市以前多采用第 3 種“選擇式”的客觀題型。但近幾年多采用第一，二種“非選擇式”的 主觀題型，來考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用英語語言的能力。 因此 , 本文著重介紹這類題型的具體做法。二、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話的解題要求1. 熟讀背誦考生應(yīng)熟讀背誦初中英語教材中出現(xiàn)過的日常交際用語, 如: 問候、介紹、問路、看病、購物、就餐、祝愿、打

2、電話、談天氣等情境中的固定句式和習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式。 只有這樣 , 做題時(shí)才能得心應(yīng)手。2. 掌握各交際項(xiàng)目的習(xí)慣用法。 平時(shí)牢固掌握初中英語教材中出現(xiàn)的 30 個(gè)交流項(xiàng)目以及它 們各自特定的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式和慣用句型， 答題時(shí)就能迅速地回憶起與對(duì)話內(nèi)容有關(guān)的日常交 際用語及習(xí)慣表達(dá)法， 并且靈活地進(jìn)行運(yùn)用， 才能保證所使用的語言符合英語在情景交流中 的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。3. 答題時(shí)要面向整體內(nèi)容， 切忌片面理解。 答題時(shí)， 跳過空行， 快速把全篇對(duì)話通讀一篇， 了解對(duì)話的整體結(jié)構(gòu)， 把握對(duì)話的內(nèi)容及語境。 語境決定了語言的表達(dá)方式、 雙方說話人的 態(tài)度以及表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。如在餐館、圖書館、車站、商店等不同的地點(diǎn)，

3、都有各自的語言表達(dá) 方式。因而， 在做題時(shí)， 應(yīng)在理解全篇對(duì)話內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，準(zhǔn)確地把握語言環(huán)境， 把自己“置身”于語境之中， 理解雙方談話的意圖。4. 抓好關(guān)鍵詞，進(jìn)行推斷，使填詞后組成的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整、合理。考查的形式是補(bǔ)全對(duì)上 句問題的回答或者是補(bǔ)全對(duì)下句所要回答問題的提問。 因此一定要注意前后照應(yīng)， 關(guān)注上下 文之間的密切關(guān)系。 做題時(shí)， 可以根據(jù)上句的信息推斷下句的信息， 通過下句的信息推斷上 句的信息，即：要填前面的空行，看后句的信息，要填后面的空行，看前句的含義。如在打 電話時(shí)，上句問“ WhO s that speak in g? ”那么下句所選的就應(yīng)是“ This is”。如在餐

4、館，下句的內(nèi)容是 “A bottle of beer, please. ”那么上句就應(yīng)該是 “What can I do for you? ”或 “Can I help you? ” 這樣前后對(duì)照，才能使上下文相適應(yīng)。5. 注意對(duì)話的表達(dá)要符合英美人的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。不同的國(guó)家有不同的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、生活習(xí)慣等等。在語言交際中也有各種不同的差異。在交際語言的選用中，由于受到各自的文化背景的影響，表達(dá)的方式也就不同。因而，在補(bǔ)全對(duì)話過程中，所選的句子要符合英美人的習(xí)慣。凡有像“ Have you eaten? ”；“What do you want to buy? ” 這類句子在對(duì)話中都應(yīng)避免使用。6. 正

5、確書寫， 從容答題。 答題時(shí)應(yīng)注意單詞的正確拼寫及大小寫的正確運(yùn)用， 書寫應(yīng)工整、 規(guī)范。三、補(bǔ)全對(duì)話答題步驟：1）通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意、揣摩話題。解題時(shí)應(yīng)先跳過空格通覽全文，了解對(duì)話大意，根據(jù)對(duì)大意的把握，判定語境，揣摩話題。（2）根據(jù)語境、填寫單詞或句子。在把握話題和語境的基礎(chǔ)上，針對(duì)對(duì)話的每一空白處， 細(xì)讀所提供的前后文， 認(rèn)真分析它們之間的異同， 依據(jù)對(duì)話有關(guān)情景內(nèi)容， 填寫相應(yīng)的單詞 或者句子。（3）通盤考慮、前后聯(lián)想、先易后難。要從對(duì)話整體理解出發(fā)，依照上、下問答的邏輯順 序來考慮所選擇的答案， 不可不顧前后順序， 孤立地就上句就補(bǔ)下句， 這樣可能出現(xiàn)所補(bǔ)句 子符合上文而不符合下文的

6、情況。要先解決有把握的、容易的，再回頭補(bǔ)選較難的。（4）通讀對(duì)話、義形結(jié)合、驗(yàn)證答案。將對(duì)話補(bǔ)全之后，再將整段對(duì)話通讀一遍，逐一驗(yàn) 證答案。所填的答案不僅語義上要符合語境，而且要保證語言正確，做到說話得體。四、注意事項(xiàng)（1）所補(bǔ)全的對(duì)話內(nèi)容必須能使上、下文連貫一致，因而必須瞻前顧后、全盤考慮，不能 僅看上一個(gè)問句就填寫下一個(gè)答句， 或僅根據(jù)下文中的答句就補(bǔ)全它的問句， 否則容易造成 邏輯錯(cuò)誤。（2）做題前應(yīng)注意試題前面有否中文或英語的背景提示。這些背景提示是確是話題內(nèi)容的 重要依據(jù)，不可疏忽帶過。（3）如果是選擇題，則在選擇過程中考生應(yīng)注意把已選出的選項(xiàng)劃去，避免重復(fù)選擇的錯(cuò) 誤。（4）做題時(shí)

7、要先易后難，一時(shí)難以確定不要勉強(qiáng)先做，否則易造成連鎖錯(cuò)誤。例題分析：（一）請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀下列對(duì)話，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容，完成該對(duì)話。A: Hello! 1. ?B: Sorry, 2.This is Allan s mother speaking. 3._?A: This is Mary. Good evening, Mrs. Black.B: Good evening, Mary. 4.?A: Yes, of course. Please tell Allan that all the dictionaries are sold out. Bu t I can lend her one.B: OK.A

8、: Thanks a lot. Good-bye!B: 5.答案解析：May I speakt in / She1. 根據(jù)下文我們知道這是一個(gè)電話用語的對(duì)話， 所以我們就填出了相應(yīng)答案 to Allan 。2. 根據(jù)后文“ This is Allan s mother speaking. ” 我們填出： She isn isn t at home.3. 根據(jù)“ This is Mary，我們填出： Who s that4. 根據(jù)“ Yes, of course. Please tell Allan that all the dictionaries are sold out. But I ca

9、n lend her one” 我們填出： Can I take a message for you5. Goodbye(二)根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從下面?zhèn)溥x框中選擇相應(yīng)選項(xiàng)填入對(duì)話中，使對(duì)話完成，流A: Excuse me, sir? Where is the nearest hotel?B: 1. . You may ask that policeman over there.A: Thank you all the same.(The man goes to the policeman.)A: Excuse me, 2.?C: No, there isn t a hotel near here,

10、 but there is one near the Bank of China.A: 3. ?C: It s about two kilometers away.A: 4. ?t any busesC: You d better take a taxi, because it s so late and there arennow.A: 5. .C: You re welcome.備選答案：A: I m sorry I don t knowB: Is there a hotel near hereC: How far is itD: How can I get thereE: Thank y

11、ou備選答案：A: I m sorry I don t knowB: Is there a hotel near hereC: How far is itD: How can I get thereE: Thank you答案解析：A. 根據(jù)后文 “ You may ask that policeman over there” 得知， 說話者也不知道哪里有旅館。B. 根據(jù)后文的回答，得知前面問的是附近哪里有旅館。C. 根據(jù)后文回答的距離而知，前面問的是有多遠(yuǎn)。D. 根據(jù)后文得知，前面問的是去旅館的方式。E. 根據(jù)“ Youre welcome. ”而知，前面在表達(dá)感謝。 實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)（1）A: H

12、ello. Could I speak to John?B: 1.rty.A: Oh! Hi, John. This is Cindy. We met at Jim s paB: How are you, Cindy?A: Great. Would you like to see Titanic on Thursday night?B: 2. , Cindy, I have to work late this Thursday.A: That s too bad. 3.?B: I m free on Saturday nightA: OK. How about meeting at about

13、 seven?B: No problem. 4.?A: At the Garden Cinema. 5. .B: See you then.2. I m sorry3. Are you free on Saturday night4. Where shall we meet5. See you then(2)A: Hello! May I speak to Lily?B: 1.C: Hello! 2.A: Hi, Lily. This is Ann. Would you like to go to the park with me tonight?C: Great! 3.?A: At the

14、gate of our school.C: 4.?A: How about six o clock.C: OK! 5.?A: See you then.1. Hold on , please2. This is Lily3. Where shall we meet4. When shall we meet5. See you then(3)Fred: Hello! May I speak to Alice, please?Kate: 1. Alice, it s for you.Alice: Hello. s farm tomorFred: Hi, Alice. 2. Would you li

15、ke to go to my unclerow?Alice: 3.Fred: Good. I ll pick you up at about seven o clock.Alice: Fine. I ll be ready .Fred: Great! I m sure well have a good time on the farm.Alice: 4. See you tomorrow.Fred: 5.1. Hold on, please2. This is Fred3. Yes ,I d love to .1. Which is the way to the Childrens Hospi

16、tal4. I think so5. See you tomorrow（4）A: Excuse me. 1.?B: Sorry, I m new here. You can ask my friend. He may know.C: The Children s Hospital? Er It s a little far from here.A: 2. ?C: It s about 5 kilometres away.A: 3. ?C: Yes, the No. 15 bus will take you there.A: Where is the bus stop?C: 4. and tak

17、e the first turning on the right. You can see it on your left. You can t miss it.A: 5. .C: You are welcome.2. How far is it3. Can I take a bus4. Go along this road5. Thank you(5)(At Mr. White s office in a middle school)A: Hello! 1. ?B: Speaking, please.A: I m Peter s mother. I d like to ask for lea

18、ve for my son.B: 2. ?A: He didn t feel well this morning. He has a cold.B: 3. . Is it serious?A: Not very serious. But the doctor asked him to stay in bed and have a good rest.B: Don t worry. 4. .A: Thank you, sir. GoodbyeB: Bye!1. Can I speak to Mr. White2. What s wrong with him3. I m sorry to hear

19、 that4. I hope he will be all right soon(6)A: Good morning, sir. 1. ?B: I d like to buy a white shirt. Do you have any white shirts?A: Yes. 2. ?B: I want Size M.A: Here you are.B: Can I try it on?A: Sure. Is it all right?B: Yes. I like it very much. 3. ?A: 296 yuan.B: That s a bit expensive. Do you have any other kind? I want a cheaper one.A: What about this one? It is only 108 yuan.B: OK. 4. . Here is the money.A: 5. .Goodbye, sir.1. Can I help you2. What size do you want3. How much is it4. I ll take it5. Here you are（7）Doctor: Good morning . What s your trouble?Woman: I dont feel ve