(完整word版)中考英語語法-復合句

1、人教版中考英語專項練習 復合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子叫復合句。 主句為句子的主體，從句只是做句子的一個成分。根據(jù)從句在句子中的作用，可以把從句分為名詞性從句（主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句） ，定語從句和狀語從句（時間，地點，原因，條件，讓步，方式，比較等）三類。一.賓語從句1 .賓語從句根據(jù)引導詞的不同分為三種類型由that引導的賓語從句，其中that不做成分，可省略。We all knew （that） we should learn from each other.由 if/whether 引導的賓語從句。Please tell me if/whether

2、you have been to America.由 who,where,how 等連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句。Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?2 .賓語從句“三關”引導詞關注意：whether與if的區(qū)別只用 whether 的情況 在介詞后面 We don't think about whether it would rain the next day. 在動詞不定式前They asked me whether to sit at the front. 當與 or not 連用，或提出兩種選擇時

3、Mary asked whether I wasdoing my homework or not at that time 賓語從句提前時Whether this is true or not, I can't say 在動詞 discuss 后的賓語從句中 We discussed whether we should have a sports meeting next week. 引導表語從句或位于句首的主語從句用 whetherThe question was whether he went there last night只用 if 的情況 引導否定概念的賓語從句時He ask

4、ed me if I had't finished my homework 引導條件狀語從句時， if 意為“如果”We'll go hiking if it doesn't rain tomorrow語序關 賓語從句若為陳述句，語序不變 賓語從句若為一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，語序還原為陳述語序時態(tài)關 如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)據(jù)實際情況而定 如果主句是過去某種時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)一定變?yōu)檫^去某時態(tài)注意：賓語從句表述的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象時，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時3 .人稱變化：4 .從句簡化當主句謂語動詞是find, see,watch,hea等時，從句常簡化為“賓語+賓補”結

5、構，賓補為省to 不定式或 v+ing 形式She found that the wallet lay/lying on the ground -She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.當主句謂語動詞是hope,wish,decide,forget等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句簡化為不定式結構She agreed that she could help me with my maths-She agreed to help me with my maths.在連接代詞/副詞引導的賓語從句中，當從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句簡

6、化為“連接代詞 / 副詞+不定式”結構Can you tell me how I can get to the station?7Can you tell me how to get to the station?5 .否定轉移如果主句的謂語動詞是 believe,think,guess,suppose 等，且主句主語是一人稱時，后面所接賓語從句的否定詞通常前移到主句中。I don't think that she can finish this work on time.注意：這種否定前移的賓語從句，在變成反意疑問句時，反意疑問句的主謂要與從句一致I don't think

7、he is interested in that, is he? 如果主句主語是二三人稱時，賓語從句否定詞不前移，反意疑問句反問主句She thought that film was not interesting, didn't she?二狀語從句1 .時間狀語從句常用 when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等來引導。在時間狀語從句中，通常用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來 的動作或狀態(tài)。 在帶有 till 或 until 引導的時間狀語從句的主從復合句中，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到時”，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)

8、性動詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到 才”，在一以 前不”，謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。Since引導的時間狀語從句，主句 用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用過去時。 While 引導的狀語從 句的動詞必須是延續(xù)動詞，不能是短暫性動詞。as, when, while都表示主從句的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生。as強調兩動作同時進行，并表示對比；發(fā)生時間較短，且由“一邊 一邊”的意 思。 When 還可表示從句動詞的動作在主句動詞的動作 “之前” 或“之 后”發(fā)生。 While 用于時間較長時。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.2 .條

9、件狀語從句通常用 if, unless 引導。 在條件狀語從句中， 謂語動詞通常用現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。I'm waiting for my friend. If she doesn't come, I'll go shopping alone. 3.原因狀語從句通常用because, since, as由于）引導。because示直接原因，語氣最強。 because 引導的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后。回答由 why提出的問題，只能用because as和since語氣較弱，一般用來表示明 顯的原因。由as和since引導的從句多放在句首。because口 so不

10、能 同時出現(xiàn)。As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our match.4 .結果狀語從句由 so-that, such- that, so that 弓 I導。sothat 與 such that 可以互換。如果名詞前由 many, much, little, few等詞修飾時，只能用so. so- that 句型的否定形式可用簡單句tooto或not- enough to代替such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatsnch+a(an)用容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that=so+形容詞+a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù) 名詞 +thatLast ni

11、ght Judy worked so late that she didn't catch the early bus this morning.5 .比較狀語從句通常由as - as, than等連詞引導Though the player is over thirty, he can still run as fast as some young players6 .目的狀語從句通常用so that, in order that弓I導。so that即可引導目的狀語從句，又可引導結果狀語從句。區(qū)別是： 目的狀語從句中往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might 等，從

12、意義上看，目的狀語從句表示的目的很明確。 Pass the cake round so that everyone can take a piece.7 .讓步狀語從句通常由 though, although, as等連詞引導。although, though與 but 不同 時出現(xiàn)。 Though he is old, he is very strong.8 .地點狀語從句通常由 where, wherever弓I導Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.9 .方式狀語從句通常由 as, as if, as though引導Always do to t

13、he others as you would be done b市望另 U人怎樣待你， 你就怎樣待人三定語從句指在主從復合句中充當定語的句子，在句中修飾名詞、代詞，常由關系代詞 which, that, who(m), whose 及關系副詞 when, where, why 等引導。 被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。 定語從句放先行詞后做后置定語1 . 當先行詞表示人時，定語從句用關系代詞 that, who, whom 引導。當先行詞表物時，定語從句用關系詞that或which。當關系代詞在 從句中作賓語時可省略。 that 可指人，也可指物，在從句中可作主語，賓語。作賓語可省 which 指

14、物，在從句中作主語，賓語，作賓語時可省，可以引導非限制性定語從句，有時可與 that 互換。who, whom, whose指人，who在從句中做主語，whom在從句中作 賓語，whose在從句中作定語He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.The package which/that you are carrying is too heavy.Please pass me the book whose/of which cover is green.2 .當引導詞在句中作狀語時不可用that, which, who(m)等關系代詞，而應用關系副詞。表示

15、時間用when表示地點用where,表示原因用 why 。但這些關系副詞可轉換為“介詞 +關系代詞”形式。Beijing is the place where/in which I was born.3. 其他注意事項 表示物時只能用 that 引導定語從句的情況 當先行詞為 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, muchnone, the on濤不定代詞時 先行詞被 all, every, no, some, any, little, muchly修飾時 先行詞被the only, the very, the last,

16、 the sam籌詞修飾時（當先行詞是人時，也可用關系代詞 who 或 whom） 當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時 當先行詞同時含有物和人時 主句中已有疑問詞who 或 which 時 Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? 表示物時只用 which 不用 that 的情況 當關系代詞前使用介詞時 在非限制性定語從句（即通常用逗號與主語隔開，若去掉整個句子仍能表達完整意義的定語從句）中 指人時，當先行詞為 everybody, anybody, everyone,

17、anyon曙時要用who,不用that 一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that,另一個用 whoThe boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. 其中一個關系代詞已用which,另一個用thatEdison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before注意：關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)要和先行詞一致one of+復數(shù)名詞+關系代詞+復數(shù)謂語動詞the (

18、only) one of+復數(shù)名詞+關系代詞+單數(shù)謂語動詞Titanic is one of the best movies that have been produced in Hollywood.Titanic is the (only) one of the best movies that has been produced in Hollywood 四.主語從句在句中作主語的名詞性從句叫主語從句。主語從句的謂語動詞通常用三人稱單數(shù)。主語從句可直接位于句首。但如主語從句長，可用 it 充當形式主語代替主語從句，把主語從句后置。記住下列主語從句常 用結構：It is said that

19、據(jù)說It is reported that 據(jù)報道It is announced that.據(jù)宣布It is (well) known that 眾所周知It is believed that人們相信It is supposed that-人們希望It is hoped that 希望It is suggested that有人建議It must be remembered that務必 t 己住 注意：有些情況下謂語動詞的單復數(shù)應和表語保持一致What we need are doctors and nurses.What we need is time.五同位語從句同位語從句是對名詞的內(nèi)容

20、給予具體詳細的說明。 常在后面接同位語從句 的 名 詞 有 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位語從句引導詞為that,有時根據(jù)需要也可以用 when, where等His opinion that we must take good care of our earth sounds reasonable.They have no idea at all where he has gone.注意 :同位語從句的 that 在句中不作句子成分，也無詞義，但不能省。

21、而定語從句中的 that 除了引導從句外， 還是從句的一個成分， 在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省。六表語從句在句中作連系動詞的表語的從句，位于主句中系動詞后That is why he didn't come to school yesterday.練習I.We'll play snowman it snows heavily this afternoon.A. if B. although C. unless D. but '1.1 didn t knowthey could pass the exam or not.A.why B.when C.that D.w

22、hether '1.2 don t think Ben did such a stupid thing?A.do IB.did IC.did heD.does he4 .Newton was playing under an apple treean apple fell onto his headA.when B.while C.after D.before''' ' ''''5 . The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children,isnt it? Yes,it has

23、 built many schoolsthose children can study happilyA.where B.when C.whichD.why6 .During the holiday I visited Shaolin Templeliesin the west ofZhengzhou. A.where B.which C.who D.what7 .Jim s mother let him watch TV after he finished his homework.(同義 句)Jim s mother let him watch TV he finished his hom

24、ework.8 .The TV play is so interesting that we like to see it again (改為同義句) It isintereting TV play we like to see it again.9 .When people in the United States have guests(1)whentheyare invited to a get-together,they usually try to make others feel comfortable(2) relaxed.Generally,they tend to be in

25、formal.Menshake hands,(3)usually only (4)theyare introduced.Malefriends and business associates(5)havetnseen each other for a time may shake hands. When a woman (6) a man areintroduced,shaking hands is decided by the woman.American women become more(7)more independent.They go to places bythemselves,

26、earn their own money,(8)often live alone ,Sometimes'''they will ask men for help,(9)they usually dont want to bepeotected.American women may start conversations with men10 0)even ask them to dance.10.1 n the dark street,therewasnt a single personshecould turnfor help A.that B.to whom C.f

27、rom whom D.who11 .Please pass me the dictionary is blackA.its cover B.which cover C.of which the cover D.cover of which12 .There are forty-five students in our class,arefrom the neardyvillages A.one-third of who B.one-third of whichC.one-third of them D.one-third of whom13 .This is the studentyou to

28、ok the message yesterday.A.whose father B.to whose father C.to his father D.his father ' ' 14.There isnt muchI can doA.what B.whichC.thatD.how15 .Tell us about the people and the placesare different from oursA.that B.whoC.whichD.whom16 .Last Sunday they reached Qingdao,a conference was to be

29、 heldA.whichB.thatC.whenD.where17 .Is this the museumyou visited the other day?A.thatB.whereC.in which D.the one18 .This is the very film I ve long wished to seeA.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom19 .There is no difficulty cant be overcome in the worldA.thatB.whichC.whoD.what20 .Who is the personis standing at

30、 the gate of Beijing TourismTower? A.who B.that C.which D.whom21 .The housethe capitalist used to live in is now a nurseryA.thatB.whereC.whatD.when22 .The housewe live is not bigA. in thatB.whichC.in which D.that23 .單句改錯This is the factory where we visited last weekThis is the watch for which Tom is

31、 lookingThe person to who you spoke is a student of Grade TwoThe house in that we live is very smallThe sun gives off light and warmth,that makes it possible for plants to grow24 .The WTO can not live up to its name it does not include acountry that is home to one fifth of mankindA.as long as B.whil

32、e C.if D.even though25 .John shut everybody out of the kitchenhe could prepare hisgrand surprise for the partyA.whichB.whenC.so thatD.as if26 .He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situationit gotworse, A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as27 .-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?-Ye

33、s.He had never praised him he became one of the top studentsin his grade A.after B.unless C.until D.when28 .You can eat food free in my restaurant you likeA.whenever B.whereever C.whatever D.however29 .Scientists say ir may be five or six yearsit is possible to testthis medicine on hunman patientsA.

34、sice B.afterC.beforeD.when30 . This house is my father painted by himself.A.thatB.whichC.the one D./31 . we cant get seems better than we haveA.What,/B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what32 .-What did Jack ask you just now?-He wanted to know how longwhen I reached the cinemaA.had the film been onB.the

35、 film had startedC.the film had lastedD.had the film ended1 3.I don t have to introduce him to you you know the boyA.untilB.unless C.sinceD.but34 .hamburgers are junk food,many children like themA.IfB.UnlessC.BecauseD.Although35 .We should dowe can those endangered animalsA.that,to save B.which,save

36、 C.that ,save D.what ,to svae36 .you go ,you do, I will be right here waiting for youA.If,if B.Wherever,whatever C.where,what37.If you don tgo to the mall this weekend,A.he will,too B.he wont,either C.neither he will D.he doesnt ,either38.I arrived at the airportthe plane had taken off.A.afterB.whil

37、eC.whenD.before40.Our hometown is quite different frombeforeA.that it was B.what it was C.which it was D.when it was41.she succeeded in finishing her tasks remains a secretA.WhatB.IfC.How D.Who42.Is this the reasonat the meeting for carelessness in his work?A.he explainedB.what he explainedC.how he

38、explained D.why he explained43 .We are living in an agemany things are done on computerA.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when44 .the days went on, the weather got worseA.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As45 .-What was the party like?-Its years I enjoyed myself so muchA.afterB.whenC.before D.since46 .you have tried it on, y

39、ou cant imagine how pretty the new style skirt is.A.Because B.AlthoughC.Unless D.When47.I won t go to her party unless my best friend TomC.is invited D.invitesA.will invite B.will be invited48 .Franklin told them allto be in Britain againA.he was how happyB.how happy he wasC.how was he happyD.he was

40、 happy how49 .Jane is one of the students in the classhave ever been to ChinaA.who B.whose C.whichD.whom50.I still remember the timewe spent together at Xisai Mountainlast year A.when B.what C.whoD.which51.Mr. Smithis smoking is looking forhe lost yesterdayA.whom;which B.who;what52.Nobody knowsA.how

41、 will our future look likeC.how our future will look likeC.that;who D.which;whereB.what will our future be likeD.what our future will be like1.1 I was chatting with my friends on the phonemy mother came inA.whileB.whenC.as D.since1.2 In order to choose the right one, she first asked meI want to usea

42、 dictionary forA.what B.whyC.how D.whether55 .Customers are asked to make sure that theythe right chargebe-fore leaving the shopA.will give B.have been given C.have given D.will be given56 .Tom didint go to school?A.Do you know howB.Why do you knowC.How you know whyD.Do you know why57 .Mary s mother asked herA.that whether she had finished her h