英語語法知識點總結(jié)

1、課時一教學任務一、 重點語法1. 動詞be（am,is,are）的用法：be動詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。第一人稱單數(shù)(I)配合am來用。句型解析析：I am+第二人稱(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+第三人稱單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is +人稱復數(shù) (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my friends.You are good students.用法口訣：

2、我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is，復數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。1.用括號中適當?shù)脑~填空。1. I _(am, are, is) from Australia.2. She _ (am, are, is) a student.3. Jane and Tom _(am, is, are) my friends.4. My parents _ (am, is, are) very busy every day.5. _ (Are, Is, D

3、o, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?6. _ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news?7. There _ (be) some glasses on it.8. If he _ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.2.用be 動詞的適當形式填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _ tall and

4、fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a sc

5、arf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shan's shirt _ over there. 第二課時（1）英語人稱代詞和物主代詞一、人稱代詞表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞，叫做人稱代詞。人稱代

6、詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，見下表：人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit人稱代詞主格：作主語，表示誰怎么樣了、干什么了。I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students.人稱代詞賓格作賓語，表示動作行為的對象。Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)二、物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種

7、，其人稱和數(shù)的變化見下表。數(shù)人稱類別單數(shù)復數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs漢語我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他（她、它）們的形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名詞而名詞性物主代詞則相當于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,故其后不必加名詞。如：Is this your book? No,，it isnt， its hers(her book)This pen is mine.代詞練習（一）一

8、、選出括號中正確的詞，在正確的詞上打勾。1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）.3. （He / His）name is Mark. 4. Whats（she / her）name?5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She / Her）is my sister.9. Fine , thank （your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）二、用所給代詞的正確形式填空。1. These

9、are _ ( he ) brothers.2. That is _( she ) sister.3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister.4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary.5. Now _(her parent) are in America.6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) fathers students.7. Do you know _ ( it ) name?8. Mike and Tom _ ( be ) friends.9. Thanks for helping _( I ).10. _(A

10、nn安)mother is _(we) teacher.三、單項選擇。（ ）1. My family _ a big family. My family _all here.A. is, is B. are, areC. is, areD. are, is（ ）2. This is _. A. a picture of familyB. a picture of my familyC. a familys pictureD. a family of my picture（ ）3. Lets _ good friends.A. beB. areC. isD. am（ ）4. Is she you

11、r aunt? Yes, _.A. shesB. her isC. she isD. he is（ ）5. Are _ coats yours? Yes, they are .A. theyB. theseC. thisD. there（ ）6. Is that _ uncle? No, it isntA. heB. sheC. herD. hers（ ）7. Mrs. Green is _ grandmother. A. Jim and KateB. Jim and Kates C. Jims and KatesD. Jim and Kates（ ）8. Do you know the na

12、me _Mr. Greens son?A. inB. ofC. onD. or（ ）9. _ the great photo of your family. A. thank forB. Thanks for C. Thank for D. thanks for（ ）10. Are those your friends? _. A. Yes, theyreB. No, they are C. Yes, they are D. Yes, those are代詞練習（二）一、用適當?shù)拇~填空1We like _ (he, his , him) very much.2Is this guitar _

13、 (you, your, yours)?3_(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li.4Father bought a desk for _ (I, my, me, mine).5_ (It, It's, Its) is very cold today.6Is this your book, Mike?Yes ,_(we, you, they )are.7Are you and Tom classmates?Yes, _(we, you ,they )are.8Each of the students _( have, has) a pen pal.9He has

14、a dog. I want to have _(it, one ),too.10Her parents are _ (both, all ,either )teachers.11The text is easy for you .There are _( few, a few ,little, a little) new words in it .12I want _( some, any) bananas. Give me these big _(one, ones).二、選擇正確的答案1Is this _ book?Ayou BI Cshe Dyour2It's a bird. _

15、 name is Polly.AIts BIt's CHis DIt3What's that ?_ a jeep.Ait'sBIts CIt'sDits4What's that in English? _.AIt's eggBThat's egg CIt's a eggDIt's an egg5Whose cat is this ? Is it yours? Is it a white _?Acat's Bone ConesDcats6Please give the book to _.AI Bme Cmy Dmi

16、ne7_skirt is yours?AWhose BWhere CHow DWhich8_ is this pen ? It's Wang Fang's.AWho's BWhose CWhere DWhich9Kate and Mike do _ homework in the evening.Aone's Bhis Cher Dtheir10There isn't _ water in the bottle.Aany Bsome CnoDa 課時二（2）簡單句一 陳述句 陳述句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句的否定式主要用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達：（1）句子的謂語動詞為be

17、 , have 或者謂語動詞有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞時，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+謂語動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 + not + 其他成分 I am not a teacher. 我不是老師。We have not (havent) any books on animals. 我們沒有任何有關(guān)動物方面的書。 The children are not (arent) playing in the playground. 孩子們沒在操場上玩。 He will not (wont) come. 他不會來。We must not (mustnt) forget the past. 我們不能忘記過去。 It could

18、 not (couldnt) be lost. 它不可能丟的。（2） 當句子的謂語動詞是do (即行為動詞)，而且沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+do (does,did) + not + 動詞原形 + 其他成分You do not (dont) come here every day . 你沒有每天都來這里。 He does not (doesnt) teach this class . 他不教這個班。They did not(didnt) watch TV last night . 昨晚他們沒看電視。注意：陳述句的語調(diào)一般用降調(diào)。但在表示疑問的語氣時，用升調(diào)，在書面上要用問號來

19、表示。You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港嗎？這句話表示的是一種疑問，只不過是通過陳述的語序和疑問的語氣來表達的二 疑問句 疑問句是用來提出疑問的句子，句末用問號“？”。?？嫉囊蓡柧溆兴念悾矗阂话阋蓡柧?、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。第一節(jié) 一般疑問句一般疑問句通常需要用yes 或no 來回答，所以又叫做“是非疑問句”。在讀這種句子時要用升調(diào)。一般疑問句主要有以下幾種類型： 1、“be + 主語 + 表語”結(jié)構(gòu) Are you sleepy ? 你困了嗎？ Yes, I am . 是的，我困了。 3、“情態(tài)動詞 + 主語言+ 行為動詞

20、（或be）”結(jié)構(gòu) May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用這部電話嗎？ Yes, you can. 是的，可以。 5、“助動詞（do, does, did）+ 主語 + 行為動詞”結(jié)構(gòu) Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜歡夏天游泳嗎？ No, I dont . 不，我不喜歡。難點提示回答否定性一般疑問句時，要在Yes 后面用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示肯定；在No 后面用否定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示否定。注意在說法上正好與漢語習慣相反。訣竅是在回答的時候，只要把它當成沒有加否定形式的普通一般疑問句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。 Is he not y

21、our elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥嗎？ Yes, he is . 不，他是（我的哥哥）。No, he is not. 是的，他不是（我的哥哥）。 Isnt she very clever? 她難道不是很聰明嗎？ Yes, she is. 不，她很聰明。 No, she is not . 是，她不聰明。第二節(jié) 特殊疑問句一、特殊疑問句是用來提出來特定問題的疑問句，要求聽到問題的人針對特定情況來做具體的回答，不能像一般疑問句一樣簡單地用Yes 或No 來回答，特殊疑問句要用降調(diào)來讀。 二、特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句Who do English homework

22、in the evening?誰晚上做英語家庭作業(yè)？ What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么？What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作業(yè)？When do you do English homework?你什么時候做英語家庭作業(yè)？三、注意：對人提問時who“誰”對所屬（誰的）提問用whose“誰的” 對哪一個提問用which“哪一個”對時間提問用when“什么時候”或what time“幾點” 對物體提問用what“什么” 對地點提問用where“哪里” 對原因提問用why“為什么” 對方式提問用how“怎

23、么樣” 對數(shù)量提問用how many“多少”（用于可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)）或how much“多少”（用于不可數(shù)名詞）四、難點提示1、 以why開頭的特殊疑問句否定形式常用于表示建議、請求等。 Why dont you have a try? 你為什么不試試呢？2、 特殊疑問句常用到一些縮略形式，在平時學習中要注意習慣這些用法。I dont want to go there. How about you? 我不想去那兒，你呢？ But what else? 可是還有什么呢？把下列句子變成否定句：1. I am listening to music. _ 2. Mike is a student. _3S

24、arah can clean the classroom. _ 4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There are some flowers in the vase._6. This is my sister. _ 7. We are sweeping the floor._8. We need some masks. _9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house._11. I put a book on my head._ 12. They sing “In

25、 the classroom” together._ 13. We play basketball on Sundays._ 14. Tom likes listening to music_ 肯定句改一般疑問句的方法三步法1. 有be動詞/情態(tài)動詞：be動詞/情態(tài)動詞提到句首，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用問號。2. 無be動詞/情態(tài)動詞，在句首加Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some改成any，my改成your）句末用問號。 3. 加Does、did 的句子注意，句子動詞要變成原型。 例如： 陳述句: They are in the park. He can

26、 play the guitar. 一般疑問句: Are they in the park? Can he play the guitar? 陳述句: I like the ducks. He likes the dogs. 一般疑問句： Do you like the ducks? Does he like the dogs? 把下列句子變成一般疑問句 1. I am listening to music. _2. Mike is a student. _ 3. Sarah can clean the classroom._4. They are in the zoo. _ 5. There

27、 are some flowers in the vase._6. This is my sister. _7. We are sweeping the floor._8. We need some masks. _ 9. They like making the puppet. _ 10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house._ 11. I put a book on my head._ 12. They sing “In the classroom” together._ 13. We play basketball on Sundays._ 14

28、. Tom likes listening to music_關(guān)于特殊疑問詞1、根據(jù)劃線部分確定是什么疑問詞, 后面寫原句變成的一般疑問句，句末問號。 2、how many后必須先寫物品，再寫一般疑問句等。1、A: _ is the boy in blue? B:Hes Mike.2、A: _ pen is it? B:Its mine.3、A: _ is the diary? B:Its under the chair.4、A: _ is the Chirstmas Day? B: Its on the 25th of December. 5、A: _ are the earphones?

29、B:They are 25 yuan. 6、A: _ is the cup? B:Its blue. 7、A: _ is it today? B:Its Sunday.8、A: _ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October. 9、A: _ this red one? B:Its beautiful.12. A:_ is your cousin? B: Hes 15 years old. 13、A:_ do you have dinner? B: At 6 oclock 綜合練習The children have a good time in

30、 the park. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_1. There is only one problem. 否定句：_一般疑問句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_7.She has some bread for lunch today. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_肯定/否定回答：_ . 句型轉(zhuǎn)換題1. The girl is singing in the classroom.( 改為否定句） 改為一般疑問句5. I can speak English.(改為一般疑問句） 6. I am writing now.(同上）7. I have a desk and a chair.(用He做主語改寫句子）8.

31、 She is buying some food in the supermarket.（改為否定句） 10. Does she like growing flowers? （給予否定回答） 課時三英語名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的規(guī)則一、絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。讀音變化：結(jié)尾是清輔音讀s，結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀z。例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞，在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復數(shù)。讀音變化：統(tǒng)一加讀iz。例：busbuses; quizquiz

32、zes; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashes三、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，將y改變?yōu)閕，再加-es。讀音變化：加讀z。例：candycandies; daisydaisies; fairyfairies; ladyladies; storystories四、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，如果不是外來詞或縮寫，就加-es，否則加-s構(gòu)成復數(shù)。讀音變化：加讀z。例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; torpedotorpedoes; bingobingoes反例：silosilos; pianopianos（外來詞）; photophotos

33、; 五、以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves，但有例外。讀音變化：尾音f改讀vz。例：knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; staffstaves; scarfscarves反例：roofroofs六、部分單詞的復數(shù)形式不變。讀音變化：保持原音。例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer;七、極少數(shù)單詞，其復數(shù)形式?jīng)]有任何規(guī)律。讀音變化：沒有規(guī)律。例：manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen八、一些單數(shù)詞得改頭換面一番,

34、才能變成復數(shù)詞例： footfeet; manmen mousemice; toothteeth; womanwomen九、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復數(shù)不分的例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鮭魚; trout 鱒魚十、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復數(shù)，但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery機械; news; scenery風景; sugar;traffic交通十一、另一些名詞則以復數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機會較多例：bellows風箱; clothes; police; shorts短褲;

35、 scissors剪刀; spectacles眼鏡; shears大剪刀trousers長褲; wages工資十二、若表達具體數(shù)目，要借助數(shù)量詞例：pair(對，雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers十三、另外還有一些名詞，其復數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，例：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes（各種）魚十四、除人民幣元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數(shù)形式。例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters以O結(jié)尾的詞，許多加es構(gòu)成復數(shù)，特別是一些常用詞如：heroes,p

36、otatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes 但下面幾類詞只加s：1.以“元音+o”或“oo”結(jié)尾的詞 如:videos,radios,studios,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos, 2. 一些外來詞，特別是音樂方面的詞，如：pianos, 3. 一些縮寫詞和專有名詞，如：kilos,photos, 寫出下列名詞復數(shù)leaf_ puppy_ box_ knife_ fly_ fox_ bus_ bench_ br

37、ush_ kiss_ church_ dish_ ruler_ peach_ glass_ pencil_ boy_ zoo_ man_ roof_ sheep_ knife_ lady_ key_ story_ watch_ bamboo_ city_ family_ day_ apple_ eraser_ speech_ thief_ mouse_ fish_ goose_ people _ ox_ Chinese _ deer _ foot_ child_ tooth_ guy_ hero_ spy_ boss_ monkey_ city _ goat _ radio _ horse _

38、 dog _ 用所給的單詞的復數(shù)的正確形式填空：1>There are so many_(wolf)in the forest.2>There are three _(chair) in the classroom.3>These _(tomato) are red. 4>_(hero) are great.5>My brother looks after two _(baby)6>There are some _(deer) eating the grass.7>My father likes to eat _(potato).8>C

39、hinese _(people)like to eat noodles.9>I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom.10>I help my mother wash _(dish) in the kitchen.11>I have two _(pencil-box). 12>There are some _(bus)in the street.13>Peter has eight _(foot). 14>Linda has three _(tooth).15>There are some _(child) in the

40、 garden.16>Michael likes the _(mouse).17>There are some _(goose)in the river.18>My uncle and father are _(man).19>Tom and King are _(boy). 20>Linda has three _(tooth). 選出正確形式1I can see three _ in the zoo. A monkeys  B monkeys C monkey2.The pig has four _.A. foot B. feet C. f

41、oots3.My two brothers are both _.A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen4.There are four _ in the class.A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. Japan5.I can see ten _ in the picture.A. sheep B. dog C. pig6.The _ has three_.A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches7.C an you see _on the plate? A. bread 

42、; B. breads  C. breades8.The girl often brushes her_ before she goes to bed.A. tooth B. toothsC. teeth9.Mr Black often drink some _.A. milk  B. milks  C.milkes10.There are some _ on the floor.A. child B. water C. books11. _ will learn English. A. Woman B. Women C. Man12.Lucy will show

43、 us some new _ of hers.A. photo B. photos C. photoes13. I drank two _.A. bottles of orangeB. bottle of orangeC. bottles of oranges14.The cat eats two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse15.I need a pen and some _. A. books  B. desk C. chair16 Jim was late for two classes this morning. He sai

44、d that he forgot both of the _.A. rooms number B. Room numberC. Rooms number D. Room numbers17. The newly-built library is a _ building.A. five-storey B. five storeysC. five-storeys D. five storeys18. - Whose umbrella is it?- Its _.A.     somebody elses B. Somebody else C. Somebo

45、dys elses D. Somebodys else19. I feel terribly hot, Whats the _? A. temperature of room B. Rooms temperature C. Room temperature D. Temperature of rooms20. _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.A. The Evens B. The Evens C. The Evenses D. The Evenses21.The girl talking to Ma

46、ry is a friend of _.A. Marys sister B. Mary sistersC. Marys sisters D. sister of Marys22. The woman over there is _ mother.A.     Julia and Shelleys B. Julias and Shelleys C. Julia and Shelley D. Julias and Shelley23. He is very tired. He needs _.A. a night rest B. a rest night C

47、. a nights rest D. a rest of night24 -Excuse me，where are _ offices?-Over thereA teachers B teachers C the teachers D the teachers25 Today is September 10th. Its_ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. Teacher B. TeachersC. the Teachers D. Teachers 課時四 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時用法：一般結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句式：主語+be( am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.否定句式：主語+be(am, is, are) +not +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它. 一般疑問句：Be(am, is, are) +主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？ 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be(a