Windows Scripting和系統(tǒng)管理ppt課件

1、Windows Scripting與系統(tǒng)管理姓名 .tw交通大學(xué)資訊科學(xué)系系計(jì)算機(jī)中心Outlinen為何要在 Windows 下使用 script?nWindows Scripting 相關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)nVB Script 初步nWMI 和 ADSIn常使用的物件n範(fàn)例n參考資料為何要在 Windows 下使用 script？nWindows 並不是只有 GUI 的管理介面可用n什麼情況下使用 script 會(huì)比使用 GUI 更方便？n將工作批次處理n一次執(zhí)行大量性質(zhì)類似的工作n讓許多使用者執(zhí)行相同的工作n為什麼要使用 Script 做系統(tǒng)管理？n減少管理

2、上所需的時(shí)間和複雜度nWindows 下面的 Script 能夠做些什麼？n絕對(duì)比你想的還要多n大部分 GUI 能完成的工作都可以用 script 完成Windows Scripting 相關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)n可使用的語言nVBScript and Jscriptn副檔名n.vbs / .js / .wsfn.wsf 具有類似 XML 的結(jié)構(gòu)，可使用多種 script 語言n.wsf 可以遠(yuǎn)端執(zhí)行nScript HostnWscriptnWindow based script interpreternCscriptnCommand line based script interpretern系統(tǒng)預(yù)設(shè)

3、是以 Wscript 作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的解譯器執(zhí)行 Script 的方法n使用命令提示字元n使用檔案總管nDouble-clickn遠(yuǎn)端執(zhí)行n透過 WSHn需要更改 Registry，預(yù)設(shè)為關(guān)閉nDrag and dropWscript / Cscript 參數(shù)n/H:CScript or /H:WScriptn更改預(yù)設(shè)的 Script Hostn/nologon不顯示 bannern/T:nnn設(shè)定執(zhí)行時(shí)的 timeout 時(shí)間n/Sn儲(chǔ)存目前的設(shè)定n/Bn批次模式，關(guān)閉所有輸入及錯(cuò)誤訊息n/In互動(dòng)模式，與 /B 相反VB Script 初步 (1/4)n類似 VisualBasic 的語法n運(yùn)用

4、 _ 字元連接多行n好像 C 語言使用 n物件nSet objWMIService = GetObject(winmgmts:)n變數(shù)和常數(shù)nFilesize = 1024nConst MaxFileSize = 4096n字串nFilepath = “C:Temp”n運(yùn)用 & 來連接字串nFilename = Filepath & “test.txt”VB Script 初步 (2/4)nIF Else 判斷句nIf conditions then Else if conditions then Else End ifnSelect Case 判斷句nSelect case variable

5、nCase conditionnnCase conditionnnEnd selectnFor Next 迴圈nFor i=1 to n NextnFor Each object in container NextnDo Loop 迴圈nDo While condition LoopnDo Loop While conditionVB Script 初步 (3/4)n陣列nComputers = Array(“cismpc01”, “cismpc02”, “cismpc03”)n運(yùn)用 For Each 來列舉所有陣列內(nèi)的元素nFor Each computer in Computers.nPr

6、ocedures / FunctionsnSub procedurename() End SubnFunction funcname() End Functionn錯(cuò)誤處理n預(yù)設(shè)情況下遇到錯(cuò)誤會(huì)立刻中斷執(zhí)行nOn Error Resume NextnErr 物件nErr.Number / Err.Description / Err.ClearVB Script 初步 (4/4)On Error Resume NextConst CONVERSION_FACTOR = 1048576Const WARNING_THRESHOLD = 100If WScript.Arguments.Count =

7、 0 Then _Wscript.Echo Usage: FirstScript.vbs server1 server2 server3 .“WScript.Quit End IfFor Each Computer In WScript.ArgumentsSet objWMIService = GetObject(winmgmts:/ & Computer)If Err.Number 0 Then Wscript.Echo Computer & & Err.DescriptionErr.ClearElseSet colLogicalDisk = objWMIService.InstancesO

8、f(Win32_LogicalDisk)For Each objLogicalDisk In colLogicalDiskFreeMegaBytes = objLogicalDisk.FreeSpace / CONVERSION_FACTORIf FreeMegaBytes WARNING_THRESHOLD Then _Wscript.Echo Computer & & objLogicalDisk.DeviceID & _ is low on disk space.“End IfNextEnd IfNext ADSI(ActiveDirectory Service Interface)n用

9、來存取 ActiveDirectory 的軟體介面n使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn) LDAP 路徑來存取目錄服務(wù)中的元件n撰寫 ADSI Scripts 時(shí)常用的流程n連接到 ActiveDirectory 物件n處理物件更新/複製/刪除）n儲(chǔ)存所更改的設(shè)定nObject.SetInfoWMI(Windows Management Instrumentation)n透過網(wǎng)路存取及共享管理資訊的一個(gè)機(jī)制n提供 event subscription 和 notification 功能n 好像 SNMP 中的 trapsn可以透過 WMI 控制其他 Microsoft 應(yīng)用程式nExchange Server, SQL

10、ServernWMI ProvidersnActiveDirectory, EventLog, PerfMon, Registry, SNMP, Win32n然而使用 script 並無法完全發(fā)揮 WMI 的能力常用的物件 (1/3)nWscriptnWscript.Arguments(n)nWscript.EchonWscript.QuitnWshNetwork (WScript.Network)nWshNetwork.ComputerNamenWshNetwork.AddWindowsPrinterConnectionnWshNetwork.MapNetworkDrivenWshShell

11、 (WScript.Shell)nWshShell.ExecnWshShell.RunnWshShell.PopupnWshShell.RegRead常用的物件 (2/3)nFileSystemObjectn為一個(gè) runtime 函式庫n使用方法nSet objFSO = CreateObject(“Scripting.FileSystemObject”)nObjectnFile, Folder, DrivenPropertiesnDrives, Files, Name, SubFolder, AtEndOfLinenMethodsnCopy, Delete, Move, Read, Wri

12、tenmicrosoft/technet/scriptcenter/scrguide/sas_scr_xfxi.asp常用的物件 (3/3)nADSI objectsnIADs, IADsContainernIADsUser, IADsOU, IADsGroup, IADsComputernmsdn.microsoft/library/en-us/netdir/adsi/adsi_reference.aspnWMI objectsnSWbemLocator, SWbemServicenWin32_Computer, Win32_Services, Win32_OperatingSystem,

13、Win32_NetworkConnectionnmsdn.microsoft/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/wmisdk/wmi/wmi_start_page.asp範(fàn)例列舉 OU 下的所有使用者並修改其設(shè)定Const ADS_PROPERTY_CLEAR = 1Set objOU = GetObject _(LDAPou= & WScript.Arguments(0) & ,ou=CIS,dc=nt,dc=cis,dc=nctu,dc=edu,dc=tw)ObjOU.Filter=(User)For Each objUser in objOUS

14、et objUser2 = GetObject (“LDAP:/” & objUser.Name & “,ou=” & WScript.Arguments(0) & _ ,ou=CIS,dc=nt,dc=cis,dc=nctu,dc=edu,dc=tw)objUser2.GetInfoobjUser2.Put scriptPath, logon.cmdobjUser2.PutEx ADS_PROPERTY_CLEAR, scriptPath, 0objUser2.Put profilePath, ADSERVHome & WScript.Arguments(0) & & _objUser2 &

15、 profileobjUser2.Put homeDrive, Z:objUser2.Put homeDirectory, ADSERVHome & WScript.Arguments(0) & & objUser2objUser2.SetInfoNext範(fàn)例檢查是否有使用者 login 在該臺(tái)電腦上On Error resume nextstrComputer = Wscript.Arguments.Item(0)strLoggedOnUser = WScript.Echo strComputerSet objWMIService = GetObject(winmgmts: _& imper

16、sonationLevel=impersonate! & strComputer & rootcimv2) Set colComputer = objWMIService.ExecQuery (Select * from Win32_ComputerSystem)if not err.number = 0 then Wscript.echo err.number & & Err.helpfilequitend ifFor Each objComputer in colComputerstrLoggedOnUser = objComputer.UserNameNextif not strLogg

17、edOnUser = thenWscript.Echo User & strLoggedOnUser & is logged on the destination client machine,範(fàn)例新增/刪除印表機(jī)連線strComputer = .Set objWMIService = GetObject(winmgmts: _& impersonationLevel=impersonate! & strComputer & rootcimv2)Set colInstalledPrinters = objWMIService.ExecQuery _(Select * from Win32_Pr

18、inter)For Each objPrinter in colInstalledPrintersobjPrinter.Delete_NextSet WshNetwork = CreateObject(WScript.Network)WshNetwork.AddWindowsPrinterConnection ADSERVHPLaserJet 4050 (EC229)WshNetwork.AddWindowsPrinterConnection ADSERVHPLaserJet 4050 (EC235)範(fàn)例更改電腦名稱strComputer = .Set objWMIService = GetO

19、bject(winmgmts: _ & impersonationLevel=impersonate! & strComputer & rootcimv2)Set colComputers = objWMIService.ExecQuery (Select * from Win32_ComputerSystem)For Each objComputer in colComputers err = ObjComputer.Rename(strComputerName) If err = 0 WScript.Echo Change Name successfully !Next範(fàn)例將電腦加入網(wǎng)域C

20、onst JOIN_DOMAIN = 1Const ACCT_CREATE = 2Const ACCT_DELETE = 4Const WIN9X_UPGRADE = 16Const DOMAIN_JOIN_IF_JOINED = 32Const JOIN_UNSECURE = 64Const MACHINE_PASSWORD_PASSED = 128Const DEFERRED_SPN_SET = 256Const INSTALL_INVOCATION = 262144strDomain = “CISADstrPassword = “*strUser = AdministratorSet o

21、bjNetwork = CreateObject(WScript.Network)strComputer = objNetwork.ComputerNameSet objComputer = GetObject(winmgmts:impersonationLevel=Impersonate! & _strComputer & rootcimv2:Win32_ComputerSystem.Name= & strComputer & )ReturnValue = objComputer.JoinDomainOrWorkGroup(strDomain, strPassword, _strDomain & & strUser, NULL, JOIN_DOMAIN + ACCT_CREATE)範(fàn)例執(zhí)行外部程式Dim WshShell, oExe